Chisindikizo cha Caspian mwanjira ina amatchedwa chisindikizo cha Caspian. Kunja, zimawoneka ngati zisindikizo. Ali ndi thupi lofewa, mutu wawung'ono, wozungulira komanso thupi la fusiform. Osati kale kwambiri, nyama zowoneka bwino, zowoneka bwino, zimaganiziridwa ndi akatswiri a zoo kuti ndi am'banja lodabwitsidwa.
Masiku ano, nthumwi za nyama zimaonedwa ngati zolusa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Izi ndizovuta chifukwa chakuti ku Russian Federation nyama zamtunduwu sizinalembedwe mu Red Book ndipo gawo limaperekedwa pazisindikizo zosaka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chisindikizo cha Caspian
Chisindikizo cha Caspian ndi cha zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, ndi nthumwi ya dongosolo la nyama zodyera, banja la zisindikizo zenizeni, zoperekedwa ku mtundu wa chisindikizo ndi mitundu ya chisindikizo cha Caspian. Mitunduyi imagawidwanso m'magulu awiri. Gration imachitika kutengera posungira momwe nyama zimakhala. Mitundu iwiri imakhala m'madzi am'nyanja, imodzi m'madzi oyera.
Zisindikizo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza komwe adachokera komanso chisinthiko. Akatswiri a zoologists atsimikizira kuti makolo awo akale analipo pa Dziko Lapansi m'nthawi ya maphunziro. Komabe, anali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono. Iwo anali ndi miyendo, yomwe panthawi ya chisinthiko idasinthidwa ndikusandulika.
Kanema: Chisindikizo cha Caspian
Zikuoneka kuti, iwo ndi makolo a zisindikizo zakumwera, kapena zisindikizo, zomwe zimakhala ku Sarmast-Pantenichesky basin, umodzi mwamatupi ake omwe ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Asayansi amati kholo lakale lomwe chisindikizo cha Caspian chidachokera ndi chisindikizo chokhwima. Linakhalapo padziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi 2 miliyoni zapitazo. Pambuyo pake, idasamukira ku Caspian ndi Baikal, ndipo idatulutsa mitundu iwiri yatsopano ya zisindikizo, imodzi mwa izo ndi chisindikizo cha Caspian.
Zotsalira za nyama zomwe ofufuzawo adatha kupeza sizinapezeke m'mphepete mwa nyanja zokha, komanso mdera lamiyala ndi mapiri, komanso miyala yayikulu yoyandama, yomwe ili ambiri mu Nyanja ya Caspian. Pakati pa kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, zotsalira za makolo akale azisindikizo zamakono za Caspian zidapezeka pagombe la Volga, komanso kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chisindikizo cha Animal Caspian
Maonekedwe a thupi la nyama yodya nyama amawoneka ngati chopota. Thupi loterolo limakupatsani mwayi wosuntha mosavuta komanso mwachangu m'malo amadzi. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyana masentimita 130 mpaka 170, kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 40-120. Muzinyama izi, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonetsedwa pang'ono. Amunawo ndi okulirapo, utoto wawo umakhala wakuda, mphuno imakulitsidwa pang'ono.
Zisindikizo zilibe khosi, kapena sizinafotokozeredwe bwino. Thupi limasandulika kukhala mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi chigaza chokhazikika komanso mphuno yayitali. Kuwonedwa kuchokera kutsogolo, nkhope ya nyama imawoneka ngati ya mphaka, kupatula pakalibe makutu. Zisindikizo zawo zimalowetsedwa ndi ngalande zowunikira, zomwe zili pamwamba pamutu. Kunja, sapezeka kwina kulikonse.
Zisindikizo za Caspian zili ndi maso akulu kwambiri, akuda, ozungulira, owoneka bwino. Mdima wakuda, wamaso akulu amadziwika kwambiri mu ana ang'onoang'ono. Thupi laling'ono, lokutidwa ndi kutulutsa pang'ono, zimawoneka kuti ndizokulirapo. Ana amafanana ndi akadzidzi. Maso ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera chifukwa chake maso amaphimbidwa ndi kanema woteteza pomwe chisindikizo chili m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri maso amakhala otakasuka pabwalo, ndiye kuti nyamayo ikuwoneka kuti ikulira.
Mu zisindikizo za ku Caspian, mafuta osanjikiza amakula kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti zisindikizo zizitha kupirira nyengo yozizira, kusowa kwa chakudya, komanso kukhala omasuka m'madzi oundana. Amalola kuti nyama zizitha pamwamba panyanja.
Khungu la chisindikizo cha Caspian ndilolimba. Khungu limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba, lolimba komanso lolimba kwambiri, lomwe limathandiza kuti lisamve kuzizira komanso kuzizira m'madzi achisanu. Chovalacho mwa achikulire chimakhala ndi utoto woyera, womwe kumbuyo kwake umakhala wakuda, pafupifupi wobiriwira wa azitona.
Miyendo idapangidwa kuti izithandiza kuyenda m'madzi. Pakati pa zala zake pali nembanemba. Kutsogolo kumakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, zazitali. Zapangidwa kuti zibowole mu ayezi. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyama zimatuluka m'madzi kupita kumtunda, kapena zimagwira mpweya.
Kodi Chisindikizo cha Caspian chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chisindikizo cha Nyanja ya Caspian
Nyamazo zinatchedwa ndi dzina lawo kuchokera kumene zimakhala. Amakhala m'malire a Nyanja ya Caspian kuchokera ku Iran komwe mpaka kunyanja ya Caspian. Gombe lakumwera kwa Nyanja ya Caspian mulibe anthu osindikiza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Chisindikizo cha Caspian ndiye nyama yokha yomwe imakhala mu Nyanja ya Caspian.
Zisindikizo za ku Caspian zimasamukira kumadera ena nyengo iliyonse. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yachisanu, nyama zonse zimasamukira kumapiri oundana a kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Pakutha nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yotentha, madzi oundana amapita pang'onopang'ono ndikusungunuka.
Kenako nyama kusamukira ku dera la pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa gombe la Caspian. Pali chakudya chokwanira pano, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopeza mafuta okwanira, omwe angakuthandizeni kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, nthawi zina yanjala.
Mu nyengo yofunda, Chisindikizo cha Caspian nthawi zambiri chimathera pakamwa pa Volga ndi Urals. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimawoneka zikuyenda momasuka pamapazi oundana akuluakulu. Ofufuzawo adati nthawi yachisanu, nyama zimakhala m'madzi nthawi zambiri, pomwe nthawi yotentha, m'malo mwake, zimakhala pamtunda.
Kodi chisindikizo cha Caspian chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Caspian seal Red Book
Chisindikizo cha Caspian ndi nyama yodya nyama. Chisindikizo chimalowetsa chakudya chake m'madzi.
Kodi chingakhale chiyani ngati fodya woyambira chisindikizo cha Caspian:
- Gobies;
- Sungani;
- Shirimpi;
- Mchenga shirokolobka;
- Hering'i;
- Bocoplavas;
- Aterina.
Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri nyamazi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gobies. Nthawi zina amatha kudya nsomba kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta m'madzi. Nkhanu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhanu siziposa 1-2% yazakudya zonse za nyama. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti ndizisindikizo za Caspian zomwe zimawononga nsomba za whitefish powadya. Komabe, pambuyo pake, nsomba iyi imangogwidwa mwangozi ngati chakudya cha zisindikizo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chisindikizo cha Caspian
Zinyama zimakhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi. Zisindikizo za ku Caspian zimawerengedwa ngati osambira abwino. Thupi lopangidwa ndi ulusi ndi mutu wawung'ono wowongoka umamuthandiza kutsika mwangwiro ndikukhala m'madzi kwa ola limodzi ndi theka. Pakumiza m'madzi, mphuno ndi ngalande zomvera zimatsekedwa, ndipo chinyama chimatha kupuma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamapapu komanso mpweya wabwino womwe wawunjikira. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimatha kugona pamwamba pa nyanja, osapita kumtunda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Chisindikizo cha Caspian chimagona tulo tofa nato, mosadekha. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amafotokoza zodabwitsazi kotero kuti, akasambira mpaka nyama yomwe ikugona pamadzi, amaigwetsa nkhope yake pansi, ndipo zisindikizo zimapitilizabe kugona modekha, osachita ndi anthu.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, zinyama zimalowa m'madzi ndikukhala momwemo mpaka nthawi yamasika, nthawi zina zimapita kumtunda kuti zikapeze mpweya. Nyama zili ndi malo ena omwe zimakonda kukhala pamtunda - otchedwa rookeries. Ndipazogulitsa zawo pomwe nyama zimabwera ndikayamba nyengo yobereketsa.
Nyama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumva kwabwino komanso kununkhiza, komanso kuwona kwamaso. Amadziwika ndi kusadalirika komanso kusamala kwambiri. Nyama zimakhala tcheru kwambiri panthawi yomwe zimakhala pamtunda. Atazindikira kapena akuganiza kuti ali pangozi, nthawi yomweyo amalowa m'madzi mwakachetechete.
Kunja, zinyama zimawoneka ngati nyama zosakhazikika, zosakhazikika. Komabe, uku ndikulakwitsa kwakukulu. Amakhala olimba kwambiri, okhazikika, ndipo pafupifupi satopa. Ngati ndi kotheka, atha kukhala ndi liwiro lokwanira m'madzi - mpaka 30 km / h. Modekha, amasambira pang'onopang'ono. Zikafika kumtunda, zimadutsa kutsogolo ndi mchira, zomwe zimakhala ndi zala ziwiri.
Zisindikizo zimakonda kukhala moyo wawokha, wokha. Amagawidwa m'magulu pokhapokha panthawi yaukwati. Koma ngakhale panthawiyi, amayesetsa kuti asayandikirane.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chisindikizo cha Caspian
Kukula msinkhu kumachitika nyama zikafika zaka 6-7, kuphatikizanso apo, mwa amuna zimabwera mochedwa kuposa akazi. Akazi achikulire amabereka ana chaka chilichonse, kapena zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. 10-11% ya akazi okhwima ogonana samabereka ana kumapeto kwa nyengo yokwanira.
Nyengo yokwanira yokwanira ya zisindikizo imayamba ndikayamba masika, nyama zikatuluka m'madzi kumtunda. Nthawi ya bere imatha miyezi 10-11. Amayi amabereka ana awo ali pa ayezi. Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzilusa. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kubereka mwana mmodzi kapena atatu. Amabadwa ataphimbidwa ndi zoyera pansi. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa zisindikizo. Poyamba, achinyamata amadyetsedwa mkaka wa mayi. Nthawi imeneyi imatenga miyezi 2-4, kutengera nyengo ndi kutentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Zisindikizo za Caspian ndi nyama zapadera zomwe zimapatsidwa mwayi wokhoza mwadala kapena kuyambiranso kukula kwa intrauterine ya mazira. Izi ndichifukwa cha nyengo yovuta kwambiri ya nyengo yakumaloko, pomwe ana sangapulumuke akabadwa panthawiyi.
Ngakhale ana asanabadwe, nyama zimamanga malo ogona apadera kuchokera ku chipale chofewa, momwe zimadyetseramo anawo. Kenako amayi amawasamutsa pang'onopang'ono kuti adye chakudya chachikulire, kuwapatsa nsomba, nyama zakutchire ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuti tilawe. Mpaka pomwe tiana tosindikiza timasinthira ku chakudya cha anthu achikulire, mtundu wa malaya awo umasinthiratu kukhala wamkulu. Amuna satenga nawo gawo lililonse polera ana. Kusamalira ndi kudyetsa makanda ndi vuto la amayi okha.
Akatswiri a Zoology amati ngati alipo m'malo abwino komanso chakudya chokwanira, chiyembekezo cha moyo chitha kufikira zaka 50. Komabe, masiku ano moyo wa zinyama sizidutsa zaka 15. Tikaganiza kuti chinyama chimakula mpaka zaka makumi awiri, ndiye kuti ambiri mwa oimira nyama zodya nyama samakhala mpaka zaka zapakati.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Zaka zenizeni za munthu zimatha kudziwika powerengera kuchuluka kwa mabwalo pamano kapena zikhadabo. Ichi ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe sichimadziwika ndi nyama zina zilizonse.
Adani achilengedwe a zisindikizo za Caspian
Chithunzi: Chisindikizo cha Caspian kuchokera ku Red Book
Ofufuzawo akuti nyamazi zilibe mdani. Yekha ndi munthu, amene ntchito kumabweretsa kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha nyama. Komabe, zenizeni, zisindikizo, makamaka makanda obadwa kumene, nthawi zambiri zimakhala msampha wa zilombo zolimba komanso zazikulu.
Adani achilengedwe a chisindikizo cha Caspian:
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira;
- Nkhandwe;
- Sable;
- Mimbulu;
- Ziwombankhanga;
- Ankhondo akupha;
- Nsomba ku Greenland;
- Mphungu yoyera.
Nthawi zambiri, pakalibe chakudya, ma walrus amatha kusaka achinyamata ndi ang'onoang'ono. Amayi ndi omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka pakubereka ana, komanso ana, omwe amayi awo adapita kukafunafuna chakudya ndikusiya ana awo m dzenjemo okha osasamalidwa.
Munthu amavulaza nyama kwambiri. Zochita zake, zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi zikuchepa kwambiri, sizimangogwirizana ndi kusaka komanso kuwononga nyama, komanso kuwononga chilengedwe cha nyama zodya nyama. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe nthawi yomwe nyama zimakhalira m'chilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwake zimachepa kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nerpa mu Nyanja ya Caspian
Lero, chisindikizo cha Caspian ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Izi ndichifukwa choti zochitika zachuma za anthu zikukula nthawi zonse, zomwe zimabweretsa chiwonongeko, kuipitsa ndi kuwononga chilengedwe cha Caspian seal. Ngakhale akatswiri a zoo akuyesera kupanga ndi kuchita zonse zofunikira kuti asunge mitunduyo ndikuonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu, ziweto zikuchepa chaka chilichonse.
M'mbuyomu, zisindikizo za Caspian zinali zochulukirapo ndipo zidapitilira miliyoni imodzi. Kutsika kwakuchuluka kwawo kunayamba m'ma 70s. Pambuyo pazaka 5-7 zokha, idatsika pafupifupi theka ndipo sinapitirire anthu 600,000. Ubweya wa chidindo cha mtunduwu ndiwofunika kwambiri.
Nyamayo idatchulidwa mu International Red Book ili ndi "chiopsezo." Pakadali pano, kusaka nyama zamtunduwu sikuletsedwa pamalamulo, koma ndizochepa. Lamuloli limaloledwa kupha anthu opitilira 50,000 pachaka. Komabe, ngakhale chiwerengerochi chimatha kukhala chowopsa panthawiyi.
Komabe, kusaka ndi kupha nyama sizinthu zokhazokha zakutha kwa mitunduyo. Matenda akuluakulu a nyama, kuwonongeka ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe, komanso kubadwa kwa ana kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kumabweretsa nkhawa.
Kuteteza zisindikizo za Caspian
Chithunzi: Caspian seal Red Book
Ku Russia, pakadali pano, pamilandu yamalamulo, nkhani yoletsa, kuchepetsa kukopa kwa anthu pakuchepetsa mitundu ya mitunduyi ikuthetsedwa. Lingaliro lidapangidwa kuti liphatikize chisindikizo cha Caspian mu Red Book of the Russian Federation komanso kuletsa kosaka nyama. Masiku ano, akuyesayesa kuchepetsa kuipitsa madzi a Nyanja ya Caspian chifukwa cha zinyalala zochokera m'mafakitale opanga mafuta ndi gasi.
Zomwe akuchita kuti ateteze mitunduyo kuti isakhudzidwe ndi anthu:
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo otetezedwa pazisindikizo za Caspian;
- Kuwunika kwa kuipitsa madzi mu Nyanja ya Caspian ndikuchepetsa zinthu zoyipa zomwe zimapangitsa izi;
- Kupewa ndikupewa kugwidwa kwa nyama ndi ng'ombe zamitundu yonse pazofufuza zamitundu yonse mpaka anthu abwezeretsedwe;
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo odyetserako ziweto apadera, malo osungira nyama, komwe akatswiri a zoo, asayansi ndi ofufuza apanga zinthu zabwino zowonjezera mitunduyo;
- Kupititsa patsogolo ndikukhazikitsa ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi zoteteza zamoyo zamtunduwu.
Chisindikizo cha Caspian ndi nyama yodabwitsa komanso yokongola kwambiri. Komabe, ikhoza kuzimiririka posachedwa padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza zachilengedwe ndi nyama, munthu atha kuwononga woimira wina wapadera wa zinyama ndi zinyama. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tichite zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tisunge ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 16:03
