Mbawala zaku Siberia Ndi yayikazi yaying'ono yofooka. Ili ndi mayina ambiri. Chofala kwambiri ndi chakummawa. Mbawala yamphongo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri pagulu laling'ono kwambiri. Chilengedwe chapatsa nyamayi chisomo chodabwitsa, chofooka komanso kusamala. Zizolowezi ndi moyo wawo zimafanana kwambiri ndi mbuzi. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi European roe deer.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Gwape wa Siberia
Gwape wa ku Siberia ndi wa nyama zakuya, zoduka. Ndi a banja la agwape, mtundu wa mbawala zamphongo. Makolo akale amtunduwu ndi Miocene Mundjaks. Asayansi akuwona kuti ku Upper Miocene ndi Lower Pliocene, gulu la nyama limakhala ku Europe ndi Asia konse, komwe kumafanana kwambiri ndi agwape amakono. Mpaka posachedwa, agwape a ku Siberia amakhala nthawi yonse yotentha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyamayi ya ku Siberia yaikazi
Kutalika kwa thupi la woimira banja la agwape sikupitilira mita imodzi ndi theka. Kutalika kwa thupi ndikufota ndi masentimita 80-95. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 30 - 45. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi, koma izi sizitchulidwa.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi thunzi tating'onoting'ono. Kukula kwa chigaza sikudutsa masentimita 20-22. Pamutu pamakhala nyanga zazitali, kutalika kwake nthawi zina kumafika theka la mita. Nyanga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, zikufalikira. Amuna okha ndi omwe amavala nyanga zazitali zokongola. Akazi alibe konse, kapena amakhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono zosakongola kunja.
Kanema: Gwape wa Siberia
Chovalacho m'nyengo yozizira chimakhala chakuda ndi utoto wofiyira. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, mtundu waimvi umawonekera, pomwe galasi loyera lomwe lili mchira limakhala lofananira ndi thupi lonse. Ubweya umatulutsa kawiri pachaka. M'chilimwe, chovalacho chimakhala chochepa kwambiri komanso chachifupi. Akazi ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu womwewo.
Pamutu pake pali makutu ozungulira, ozungulira. Mbawala yamphongo imasiyanitsidwa ndi maso ake akulu akuda okhala ndi ana osakwanira. Nyama ili ndi khosi lalitali, lokongola lopanda mane. Mwa amuna, imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba kuposa akazi. Mbawala za ku Siberia zili ndi miyendo yayitali, yaying'ono. Zotsogola zake ndizofupikirapo kuposa zamphongo. Chifukwa cha izi, msana umapendekekera patsogolo. Ili ndi mchira wawung'ono wozungulira womwe wazunguliridwa ndi mphete ya ubweya woyera wotchedwa galasi.
M'nyengo yachilimwe-chilimwe, abambo adakula kwambiri, makamaka mabere olimba komanso thukuta. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amuna amasiya zikwangwani zosonyeza kuti ali mgawo linalake. Mbawala zaku Siberia zimakhala ndi kumva kwabwino, kumva bwino.
Kodi agwape a Siberia amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gwape wa ku Siberia Red Book
Malowa ndi otakata.
Malo okhala mbawala zaku Siberia:
- Madera akumpoto a Mongolia;
- Gawo lakumadzulo kwa China;
- Middle Asia;
- Yakutia;
- Transbaikalia;
- Siberia;
- Ural.
Makolo a mitundu iyi ya artiodactyls m'masiku akale adasankha dera la nkhalango kuti akhalemo. Komabe, pakukula kwa madera omwe anthu adakulitsa, adasamukira kunkhalango. Mbawala amasankha malo okhala, komwe amatha kubisala mosavuta ndikupeza chakudya. Ngati palibe mavuto akudya, koma pali vuto ndi pogona, nyama siyikhala pano. Izi ndichifukwa chakukula kwachilengedwe chodzisungira.
Mbawala zomwe zimakhala pagulu lotseguka lotetezedwa ndizosavuta kuzilombo.
Amakonda mapiri ataliatali, malo amiyala, zitsamba zazitali, ndi gombe la zitsime za steppe. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zosalimba izi zimakonda madambo, udzu, wandiweyani. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza gwape wa ku Siberia m'malo athyathyathya, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango zowirira. Ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri kuti azolowere malo olimidwa. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nyama zomwe zimawoneka ngati zofatsa zimalekerera kuzizira komanso kulimbikira chisanu.
Zinthu zingapo zazikulu zimakhudza kusankha malo okhala: kupezeka kwa magetsi, pogona komanso kutalika kwa chivundikiro cha matalala. Kutalika kovomerezeka kovomerezeka kwa chipale chofewa ndi mita 0,5. Ngati kutalika kupitirira chizindikirochi, ma artiodactyl amayang'ana malo ena omwe chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Chofunikira china ndichakuti chipale chofewa sichimakhala pansi nthawi yayitali chaka chonse.
Kodi mbawala zamphongo zaku Siberia zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mwamuna wa agwape a ku Siberia
Zinyama zaku Siberia ndizodyetsa. Komabe, sikunganenedwe kuti amadya udzu umodzi wokha. Nyama zimatha kudya bowa, zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono, masamba. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, amadya masamba ofalikira pamitengo. Amakonda zokometsera zatsopano. Amatha kudyetsa zomera zowuma, mbewu zopanda chakudya.
Kuti thupi lilandire mchere wofunikira, mbawala zamphongo zimadya zidole zamchere, kapena akufuna magwero amadzi othirira, omwe amakhala ndi mchere. Pakati pa nthawi ya bere ndi kudyetsa ana, kufunika kopeza mchere kumawonjezeka kangapo.
Nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa mphalapala za ku Siberia ndi kutha kwa nyengo yozizira. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe amamva kusowa kwakukulu kwa chakudya cholemera mchere, komanso madzi. Pamene matupi amadzi amaundana, matalala amatha kudya kuti akwaniritse zosowa za thupi zamadzimadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, ngati kulibe chakudya, amatha kudya ma conifers.
Am'mimba dongosolo la artiodactyls ali ndi m'mimba pang'ono. Zotsatira zake, mphalapala zimadya pang'ono. Komabe, kagayidwe kake kamphamvu kamayenera kudya pafupipafupi. Masana, wamkulu m'modzi amakhala ndi zakudya zosachepera 7-10. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za munthu m'modzi zimadziwika ndi kulemera kwake ndipo pafupifupi 2-2.5 kilogalamu ya zomera zobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku chimachepa, monganso kalori wake.
Pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya, mpikisano wowopsa umakula pakati pa anthu ena osungulumwa ndi agwape a ku Siberia. M'nyengo yozizira, pakalibe chakudya, mbawala zamphongo zimakumba chipale chofewa ndi ziboda zawo, ndikukumba zomera zowuma. Amatha kupeza chakudya chawo pansi pa matalala, omwe makulidwe ake amafikira theka la mita.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Gwape wa Siberia
Mwa nyama izi, zimangoyendera tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yawo yodyetserako ziweto ndi kuyenda zimasinthasintha ndikudya chakudya ndikupuma, kugona. Nyama zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri komanso zoyenda zili m'mawa kwambiri. Nyama zimakhala nthawi yayitali pakama. Makungwawo ndi nsanja zomwe zimawononga chisanu ndi zomera zowuma ndi ziboda zawo. Kawirikawiri, mbawala zamphongo zaku Siberia zimasankha malo oti zigone kunja kwa udzu, kapena kunkhalango.
Mwachilengedwe chawo, agwape a ku Siberia si nyama zokha. Amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 7-12. Gulu limakhala lachimuna, lachikazi ndi laling'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, magulu ang'onoang'ono amatha kupanga gulu la mitu khumi ndi itatu. Ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, amasungunukanso.
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimadalira zifukwa zingapo: nyengo, kuchuluka kwa anthu mgulu, kuopsa kwa kuponderezedwa kwa anthropogenic. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imachitika m'mawa, nthawi yachilimwe - usiku komanso madzulo. Ndi kuthamanga kwa anthropogenic, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya anthu imapezekanso usiku.
Mbawala za ku Siberia zimangirizidwa kudera linalake. Atadziwa gawo linalake, amakonda kubwerera kumeneko mobwerezabwereza. Amuna amatenga gawo linalake, lomwe limadziwika ndi kupaka ndi mphumi ndi khosi pamitengo. Amathanso kukumba nthaka ndi ziboda zawo, ndikusiya chinsinsi pakati pa gland. Wamwamuna wamkulu amakhala ndi mahekitala 20 mpaka 150. Monga lamulo, katundu wamwamuna samachulukana. Kuyika ziwembu pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake kumatheka kokha pakulimba kwambiri.
Si zachilendo kuti amuna azilowa madera akunja. Pakangoyamba nyengo yatsopano, amuna achikulire amabwezeretsa ufulu wawo wokhala ndi malowo.
Zinyama zaku Siberia zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zamtendere, zopanda nkhondo. Ngakhale pakati pa amuna, mikangano imachitika kawirikawiri. Pakabuka mkangano, amakonda kuwonetsa mphamvu pamaso pa wotsutsana naye. Mbawala zimapanga mawu osiyanasiyana.
Zizindikiro zomveka za mphalapala za ku Siberia:
- Kuimba malikhweru. Zimakhala ngati mkazi amalankhula ndi ana ake. Iye ndi chiwonetsero cha nkhawa, nkhawa.
- Kutsekemera, kupopera. Akuwonetsa ukali, kupsa mtima.
- Kukuwa. Anthu osokonezeka, amantha amatha kusindikiza.
- Kulira. Amatulutsa nyama yomwe yakodwa.
- Kulumpha kwaphokoso, zigawenga. Ndi chizindikiro cha kudziwopsa, mantha.
Poyankhulana kwa anthu wina ndi mzake, chilankhulo chosalankhula chamakhalidwe chimagwira gawo lofunikira. Chifukwa chake, amapatsana ma alarm, kuyitana kuti athawe, ndi zina zambiri. Roe mbawala amakonda kuthamanga mwachangu ndikudumpha kwambiri. Pofuna kuthawa kuthamangitsidwa, gwape wa ku Siberia adumpha kupitirira mita zisanu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Siberia wa mbawala zamphongo
Nthawi yokhwimitsa ziweto imayamba mkatikati mwa Julayi ndipo imatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri. Amuna amafufuza akazi nthawi zonse, samadya chilichonse panthawiyi. Akazi omwe afika zaka ziwiri amadziwika kuti ndi okhwima mwa kugonana. Ngati pali ofunsira angapo omwe ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi akazi, amuna amatha kumenyana.
Palinso chiwonetsero cha nkhanza za amuna kwa akazi. Mu nyengo imodzi yokwatirana, yamphongo imatha feteleza azimayi mpaka 5-7. Roe deer ya akazi nawonso samasiyana pakupanga maubwenzi okhazikika. Ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kukwatirana zaka zingapo motsatizana ndi yamphongo yomwe imakonda kwambiri.
Mimba yaposachedwa imawonedwa mu artiodactyls yaku Siberia. Ndiye kuti, kamwana kameneka kameneka kamaimitsa kukula mpaka miyezi 3-4. Ngati kukwatirana kumachitika kugwa, palibe nthawi yochepetsera kutenga pakati. Ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa mluza, mkazi amakhala wolondola komanso wosamala. Kudumpha kwakuthwa, kowopsa, kuthamanga kwambiri mwachangu sizachilendo kwa iye. Nthawi yolera imayamwa kuyambira masiku 250 mpaka 320. Kuyambira mwana m'modzi mpaka atatu amabadwa.
Ana a agwape ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso alibe chochita. Mkazi amabisala m'malo obisalako kwa miyezi ingapo.
Mawanga kumbuyo amathandiza kubisala m'nkhalango zamasamba. Mayi sakhala patali, komabe, amakonda kusadyetsa ndikupumula ndi ana, kuti asawakope. Mkazi amasungabe kulumikizana ndi ana mpaka m'badwo watsopano.
Mbawala ya ku Siberia ndi yachonde kwambiri. Poyambira nyengo yatsopano iliyonse, azimayi opitilira 96% azakudya zogonana amabala ana. Ngakhale kubala kwakukulu, kukula kwachilengedwe sikukula msanga. Mwa mitundu iyi ya ungulates, pali ana ochepa opulumuka.
Adani achilengedwe a mbawala zaku Siberia
Chithunzi: Gwape wa Siberia
Adani achilengedwe a mphalapala za ku Siberia ndi nyama zolusa. Izi zikuphatikizapo zimbalangondo, ziphuphu, mimbulu, akambuku. Ankhandwe ndi mitundu ya mbalame zolusa zimaopseza ana ang'ono ndi opanda thandizo.
Kukula pang'ono ndi tsitsi lofiirira lofiirira limalola kuti lisungunuke motsutsana ndi zitsamba, masamba ndi zomera zazitali. Miyendo yayitali imakupatsani mwayi wothamanga ndikuthana ndi zopinga zazikulu. Pakufunafuna izi, agwape achikulire amakula msanga mpaka 50 km / h. Pa liwiro ili, sangathe kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Komabe, kuthekera kopanga ma jerks ndikudumpha mpaka 4-7 mita kutalika kumakupatsani mwayi wothamangitsa.
Munthu ndi mdani wina wowopsa wa mphalapala za ku Siberia. Ndi chifukwa chakuti munthu akuwononga mwakhama malo achilengedwe a nyama zosalimba izi, komanso kusaka ndi ziphuphu, kuti atsala pang'ono kutha. Mbawala ya ku Siberia ndi mpikisano wokondedwa ndi alenje komanso opha nyama mosaka nyama. Nyanga zazikulu, zolemera, zikopa ndi nyama yofewa zimakhala zofunikira nthawi zonse komanso zamtengo wapatali.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nyamayi ya ku Siberia yaikazi
Pali madera ena omwe adalembedwera mu Red Book. M'madera a Russia, agwape a ku Siberia adatchulidwa mu Red Book la Tomsk Region ndi Krasnoyarsk Territory. Adapatsidwa gawo lokhala lochepa.
Kawirikawiri, lero zamoyo sizikuopsezedwa kuti zidzatha. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwambiri, pali anthu pafupifupi 10-13 miliyoni pakati pa Europe. Ngakhale zaka makumi awiri kapena ziwiri ndi theka zapitazo, chiwerengerocho chinali chocheperako kawiri.
Kubala kwambiri kumathandiza kuti anthu ayambe kuchira msanga. M'madera ena amaloledwa ngakhale kusaka nyama zamphongo ku Siberia mutagula layisensi. M'mayiko aku Central Asia, nyama yadyera amaonedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri chifukwa chakudya kwake.
Kuteteza agwape a ku Siberia
Chithunzi: Gwape wa ku Siberia Red Book
Pofuna kuteteza nyamayo, kusaka nyama ndikosaloledwa m'malo omwe anthu amachepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, UK imapanganso ngozi ngati nyama yavulala pamenepo. M'dera la Russian Federation, akutenganso njira zoletsa kupha anthu mosakafuna komanso kusaka kosaloledwa. Ngati malamulowo aphwanyidwa, wovutitsidwayo amulipiritsa chindapusa. Kukula kwake kumadalira kukula kwa zomwe zawonongeka.
Mbawala zaku Siberia - nyama yokongola komanso yosalimba. Njira yamoyo ndi machitidwe azachilengedwe ndizosangalatsa. Munthu amafuna kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri zokulitsa mitundu yazinyama zosavomerezeka.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 27.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 25.11.2019 pa 22:33
