Utoto wonenepa wachilendo, miyendo yokhotakhota, ngayaye zosangalatsa pa nsonga za makutu ... Zingaoneke choncho lynx - cholengedwa chokoma kwambiri kuchokera kubanja lachifumu. Koma sizinali choncho, uyu ndi nyama yowononga kwambiri, yomwe nthabwala ndizoyipa, ndipo masewera siabwino konse! Ndikofunika kusilira zizolowezi ndi mawonekedwe a nyama yoyenerayi kuchokera patali, pogwiritsa ntchito mandala a kamera yanu monga mawonekedwe, osati mfuti.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lynx
Lynxes ndi nyama zakale. Kusintha kwamtundu wawo kwakhala kukuchitika kwazaka zopitilira 4 miliyoni. Common lynx, imakhalanso ku Eurasia. anachokera kwa kholo limodzi la mtundu wa lynx - Issoire Lynx (Issuar lynx). Ndi nyama yayikulu ya mphalapala. Maonekedwe a mphakawa ndi achilendo - thupi ndi lalifupi, ndipo miyendo yamphamvu ndiyotalika.
Mphuno ndi ya banja laling'ono Felinae, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Amphaka Aang'ono. Mbali yawo yayikulu ndikulimba kwa fupa la hyoid, lomwe limalepheretsa nyama kubangula kwambiri. Koma mphaka ameneyu amatha kumveka mosadukiza mofanana ndi kubangula kwa chimbalangondo. Mpheta imatha kutsuka, monganso mphaka uliwonse.
Kanema: Lynx
Ma Lynx ndi okongola modabwitsa. Amadzikulunga ndi ubweya wamkati moti umakanirira pakati pa ziyangoyango za zala zawo. M'nyengo yozizira, miyendo yawo imakhala yosalala, izi zimathandiza kuti mphaka aziyenda mosavuta pachipale chofewa komanso osagwera. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yaufupi poyerekeza ndi yakumbuyo. Ali ndi zala 4 chilichonse. Ndipo pa miyendo yakumbuyo pali 5, koma awiri ndi ochepa. Ma lyxes akuyenda chala, monga amphaka onse.
Zili ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa kwambiri, zopindika zomwe zimatha kubwereka, motero nyama izi ndizokwera mitengo ndi miyala. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono kapena paka mphaka, nthawi zina amalumpha kutalika kwa mamita 3-4, koma kawirikawiri. Amatha kuthamanga mpaka 65 km / h, ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa. Koma ambiri, amphakawa amakhala mtunda woyenera. Amasambiranso kwambiri.
Mchira wa lynx wachikulire ukhoza kukhala kuyambira masentimita 10 mpaka 30, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi kutalika kwa ma feline. Nsonga ya mchira ndi yosalala, nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda, koma yoyera imapezekanso. Lnxnx wamba amalemera pafupifupi 20 kg. Anthu olemera makilogalamu 25 sapezeka kawirikawiri. Amuna, monga akuyembekezeredwa, ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal lynx
Mutu wa amphakawa ali ndi mawonekedwe angapo. M'mbali pali otchedwa sideburns - mbali zazitali za ubweya. Chizindikiro china ndi mphonje zotchuka m'makutu. Mpheta ili ndi nsagwada zopapatiza zamphamvu, mphuno yayikulu, yotakata. Pamlomo wapamwamba pali mizere ingapo ya vibrissae, yolimba komanso yayitali.
Mphuno ya lynx ndiyofupikitsa. Maso ake ndi akulu, amchenga wachikuda, ndi ana ozungulira. Ubweya wake ndi wabwino kwambiri - wofewa, wonenepa komanso wamtali kwambiri. Kudera la mimba, chovalacho chimakhala chachitali kwambiri komanso choyera, ndi timadontho tating'ono. Mitundu ya lynx imakhala yotentha kwambiri mpaka yofiira. Izi zimangotengera malo omwe amakhala - kumwera chakumwera, kulira kofiira kwambiri.
Kuwona malo kumatha kutchulidwa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, ma specks amangoyang'ana kumbuyo, mbali ndi mutu wa mphaka. Pamimba, kachitsotso sikamapezeka, pomwe ubweya wake umakhala woyera nthawi zonse. Moulting imachitika kawiri pachaka. Chovala cha Lynx chilimwe ndichabwino komanso chodera kuposa malaya achisanu. Mitengoyi imamveka bwino nthawi yotentha. Ngayaye m'makutu nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda, kutalika kwake ndi 4 cm.
Mpheta imamva bwino kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha ngayaye. Pakasaka paka, imatha kumva ngakhale phokoso laling'ono kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kumva kalulu akugundana ndi nthambi zake pamtunda wa mamita 100. Maso ake alinso otukuka bwino, mphalapala amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ngakhale kuwala kwake! Koma kamvekedwe ka mphaka ndi kofooka, koma ngati njirayo ndi yatsopano, imatha kutsatira nyama.
Kodi lynx amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lynx cat
Mphaka amakhala m'nkhalango zosalala kumene kuli nyama zambiri. M'nkhalango zochepa kapena m'nkhalango zamatchire, sizodziwika kwenikweni. Mphaka uyu amapezekanso m'mapiri ndi nkhalango zowirira. Mphaka sadzakhala malo otseguka. Ambiri, iye amayesetsa kukhala mu madera wokhala ndi iye ngati kuli kotheka.
Lynx wamba amakhala kokha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Malo ake amakhala pafupifupi Scandinavia yonse, Europe, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Russia, ndikupitanso ku Central Asia.
Mayiko omwe lynx wamba amapezeka:
- Chilumba cha Balkan: Serbia, Macedonia, Albania;
- Germany;
- Carpathians: kuchokera ku Czech Republic kupita ku Romania;
- Poland;
- Belarus;
- Ukraine;
- Russia;
- Scandinavia: Norway, Finland, Sweden;
- France;
- Switzerland;,
- Transcaucasia: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia;
- Central Asia: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan;
- Zamgululi.
Mwa banja lonse la akalulu, lynx wamba ndi nyama yosamva kuzizira kwambiri. Amapezeka ngakhale kupitirira Arctic Circle, ku Scandinavia. Kamodzi nyamayi imatha kuwoneka kudera lililonse la Europe. Koma pofika chapakati pa zaka za zana la 20, anali atatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ku Central ndi Western Europe.
Lero anthu amphakawa akuyesera kuti abwezeretse, ndipo bwino kwambiri. Komabe, ndi yaying'ono kulikonse. Ku Russia, 90% ya ma lynx amakhala m'nkhalango zaku Siberia, ngakhale amapezeka ku malire akumadzulo kwa dzikolo mpaka Sakhalin yomwe.
Kodi lynx amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Common lynx
Ngati m'deralo muli chakudya chambiri, mphalapala amakhala moyo wongokhala. Kupanda kutero, amayenera kuyendayenda pofunafuna chakudya.
Maziko azakudya za lynx nthawi zambiri amakhala:
- hares zoyera;
- grouse mbalame;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono (mbewa zakumunda);
- nkhandwe;
- agalu amphaka;
- beavers;
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- mphalapala;
- Nthawi zina ungulates ang'ono: gwape, mphalapala, mphalapala ndi nswala ya sika;
- kawirikawiri amphaka ndi agalu oweta.
Nthaka imasaka, mosiyana ndi malingaliro onse okhudza izi, osati kulumpha pamtengo, koma kumayang'ana pansi. Kuthana ndi njira yosakira yomwe mphaka amakonda. Amakondanso kuzembera wovulalayo pafupi kwambiri momwe angathere, kenako ndikumuthamangira ndi liwiro la mphezi, titero kunena kwake, kuti amubise. Mphepete imatha kubisala kumbuyo kwa ziphuphu, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yakugwa, ndipo imawombera, ndikupanga kulumpha kwakukulu, kutalika kwa mita 4.
Samatsata nyama yayitali, akangothamanga 60-80 m, mphaka amatuluka. Koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kugwira nyama yanyama. Ngati kuukira kukulephera, trot wokalipa apangitsa kulumpha kowirikiza kuti ayime ndikuima. Nthawi zina chilombocho chimapha nyama zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi ubweya pofuna kungosangalala.
Amenya wovulalayo wamkulu kutsogolo kwa thupi, amamatira kumakhosi kapena m'khosi ndi zikhadabo, kubweretsa zopweteketsa nyama. Nyama yovulala imatha kudzikokera yokha kwa kanthawi mpaka itatuluka. Mpheta samadya nyama yambiri nthawi imodzi; imabisala kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake mphalapala yakufa imatha masiku anayi, mphalapala pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndi kalulu masiku awiri okha. Amphaka satha kubisa nyama yawo; amawaza mwachangu ndi matalala ndi masamba. Chifukwa chake, nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimachotsa mphaka wokha asanabwerere kudzadya zotsalira za phwandolo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wild Lynx
Mphunguyo ndi wosaka nyama usiku. Amabisala masana, ndipo kutada usiku amachoka pogona pake. Mphepete nthawi zambiri amasankha maenje, nkhandwe kapena mbira za anthu ena ngati malo opumira. Ngati iwo kulibe, mng'alu uliwonse wa thanthwe, dzenje, nthambi ya mtengo wamtali, kapena nkhalango yosadutsa imachita. Mphalapala amafika pamalo pamene wagona mosamala kwambiri, kuti asasiye chilichonse, amalumphira patali motsanzira kukhalapo kwake.
Nyama imeneyi imapulumuka bwino chipale chofewa, ngati pali nyama zokwanira kumeneko. Chifukwa cha chovala chake chokhala ndi mawanga, mphalapaluyo amatha kubisala mosavuta mu nkhata za mitengo nthawi yamadzulo kapena mbandakucha. Kusewera kwa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa kumalola kuti nyamayo ibise ubweya wake wowala kuchokera ku nyama.
Lnxnx ndi nyama yochenjera, koma samaopa anthu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapiri achiwiri opangidwa ndi manja a anthu. M'zaka zanjala, mphaka amabwera ngakhale m'midzi ndi m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono. Nyama siziukira anthu kokha ngati zavulala kapena kuteteza ana amphaka. Ngakhale itha kuvulaza kwambiri, chifukwa ili ndi zikhadabo ndi nsagwada zamphamvu.
Nthaka imawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yangozi, ngakhale, monga nkhandwe, m'malo mwake, imapindulitsa, kupha nyama zodwala komanso zofooka. Akatswiri ofufuza zinyama aku Russia akuti palibe milandu yodziwika bwino yokhudza ziwopsezo za anthu za matenda a lynx. Ndipo izi ndizodabwitsa, chifukwa chachimuna chachimuna chimatha kung'amba m'busa wophunzitsidwa bwino, yemwe amulemera kawiri kuposa iye.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso chakuthupi, lynx amatha kuukira munthu, koma satero. M'malo mwake, panali zochitika zina pamene ziphuphu zinkatha kuweta mosavuta ndi anthu. Atapulumutsidwa mumsampha, amphaka anali odziwa bwino anthu kotero kuti adadzipereka mmanja mwawo ndikuyeretsa ndi kubangula kwa injini.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mphaka wa Lynx
Ma Lynx amakhala moyo wokha. Komabe, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, nthawi yoyambira imayamba, ndipo anthu onse amayamba kufunafuna anzawo. Kawirikawiri amphaka opanda phokoso amayamba kuchepa, kutsuka ndikulira kwambiri. Pakati pa estrus, amuna angapo amatha kutsatira akazi nthawi imodzi. Zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa nkhondo zachiwawa pakati pawo.
Mkazi atadzisankhira wokwatirana naye, amayamba kuwonetserana chidwi: akakumana, amanjenjemera "pamphumi, namphuno." Koma chiwonetsero chachikulu cha malingaliro ndikunyambita ubweya wa mnzanu. M'phanga, momwe ziphuphu zidzaonekera posachedwa, pansi pake pamalitali bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, mkazi amagwiritsa ntchito nthenga za mbalame, ubweya wosalala ndi udzu wouma.
Mimba ndi yaifupi - masiku 60-70 okha, kumapeto kwa Epulo - Mulole ana atulukire. Nthawi zambiri zimabadwa ana amphaka 2-3, olemera magalamu 250-300. Ndi osamva komanso akhungu. Kusamalira konse ana ndi bizinesi ya amayi. Amaonetsetsa kuti ali ofunda, amatsuka zinyalala, amanyambita ndi kudyetsa ziphuphu, amathamangitsa nyama zolusa pachisa.
Kwa miyezi iwiri, makanda amadyetsa mkaka wa amayi, ndipo pambuyo pake amakhala ndi mano. Pambuyo pake, amatha kale kuphwanya nyama yomwe mayi amabwera, koma mkaka umathandizanso pakudya kwawo. Pakadutsa miyezi itatu, anawo amasiya chisa ndikuyenda paliponse ndi chachikazi.
Amphaka pakadali pano samawoneka ngati amayi awo. Ubweya wawo ndi bulauni wonyezimira, wokhala ndimadontho ochepa. Ndipo zidzakhala ndi ngayaye ndi zopsa m'mbali pokhapokha pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Banja lidzakhala losakanikirana mpaka nthawi yotsatira yokwatirana. Kenako nayenso amasiya amphaka, koma amakhalabe ogwirizana kwakanthawi.
Ngati mimba siyibwera chaka chamawa, yaikazi imatha kukhala ndi ana amphaka chaka chonsechi mpaka atakula. Ma Lynxes amakwanitsa kufikira zaka 1.5-2. Ndipo chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa mphaka pafupifupi zaka 15. Ali mu ukapolo akhoza kukhala zaka 25.
Adani achilengedwe a lynx
Chithunzi: Lynx ku Russia
Kuphatikiza pa munthu yemwe wathetsa mphaka kwa zaka zambiri, ilinso ndi adani achilengedwe.
Choyamba, awa ndi amphaka ena onse akuluakulu:
- nyamazi;
- zofunda;
- Mphuno ya ku Canada.
M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka m'zaka zanjala, gulu la mimbulu limakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku mphaka wosungulumwa. Amazungulira nyama zawo ndikuzikhadzulakhadzula mopanda chifundo. Ngati lynx amakumana ndi nkhandwe m'modzi m'modzi, ali ndi mwayi woti agonjetse, koma alibe mphamvu yolimbana ndi paketiyo yonse.
Pankhondo yofuna nyama, mphaka akhoza kugonjetsedwa polimbana ndi kambuku kapena kambuku wa chisanu. Amatha kumenya nawo nkhondo chifukwa cha nyama yomwe yaphedwa kale ndi mphaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri mphaka amathawa ngati izi. Pazifukwa zomwezi, wolverines amadziwika kuti ndi mdani wake. Ngakhale nyamazo ndizochepa, zimavutitsa kwambiri mphaka, zimatha kuthamangitsa nyama yayikulu kwambiri kuchokera kwa nyama yawo.
Koma ma lyxes ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala nyama ya nyama iliyonse yomwe ili yayikulu kuposa iwo. Osati nkhandwe, mimbulu ndi amphaka ena amayesera kukwera mu chisa cha banja, komanso zimbalangondo. Komabe, chachikazi sichimasiya ana ake aakazi, amawateteza mwamphamvu kwa alendo omwe sanaitanidwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Lynx m'nkhalango
Mpheta ndi chinthu chomwe chakhala chikugulitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ludzu laubweya wake wamtengo wapataliwu umakondweretsabe mitima ya anthu opha nyama mosaka ndi osaka nyama. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, zikopa za amphaka olemekezekawa akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zipewa ndi malaya aubweya. Inde, ndipo anthu sakonda ma lynx, ngakhale kuti samakonda kukhudza nyama zoweta, komanso anthu omwe. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuwonongedwa kwathunthu.
M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe, mtundu wa lynx ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Ngakhale potetezedwa ndikuyesera kubwezeretsanso mpikisanowu, uli pachiwopsezo chotha. Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Moscow Red Book, idalandira digiri yoyamba. Popeza pafupi ndi malire akumwera kwa dera la Moscow, nyama iyi yatsala pang'ono kutha.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, nthano imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Russia. M'mayiko ena, zinthu ndizosiyana kwambiri. Pali anthu ochepa okha ku Balkan Peninsula. Ku Germany chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, nyamazi zidakhalanso ndi anthu ku Bavaria Forest ndi Harz.
Anthu ambiri, kupatula a ku Siberia, ali ku Carpathians. Pali anthu pafupifupi 2,200. Ku Belarus, ma lynxes 1000 amakhala ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha ndi a Tatras. Pafupifupi nyama 2500 zimapezeka ku Scandinavia Peninsula. Ku France, ma lynx adawonongedwa ndipo mu 1900 adabwezeretsedwanso ku Pyrenees ndi Vosges. Switzerland idadzazidwanso ndi amphaka ambiri mu 1915, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko adafalikira ku Austria ndi Slovenia.
Lynx alonda
Chithunzi: Lynx Red Book
Chiwerengero cha amphaka odyera akuchepa osati kokha chifukwa cha kuwononga makina, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo ake: kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwononga masewera.
Njira zothanirana ndi mphalvu ndi:
- Malamulo okhwima osaka nyama izi;
- Kusunga ma biotopes momwe amawapangidwira;
- Kusamalira kuteteza chakudya chake: hares, mbawala zamphongo;
- Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maphukusi a nkhandwe;
- Kugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi kuwononga nyama ndi nyama pogwiritsa ntchito misampha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwera mu ziphuphu.
Wanyama wokongola wamiyendo yayitali, lynx, amakopa chidwi ndi mfiti. Nzosadabwitsa kuti m'mbuyomu iye anali totem nyama pakati pa Asilavo. Olemba ena amalankhulanso za kufanana kwa mawu oti "lynx" ndi "Rus". Ku Gomel, mphaka wamnkhalangowu akadakali chizindikiro chachikulu cha mzindawu. Pangozi komanso mwachangu, koma wopanda chisomo ndi chisomo, mphaka uyu ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri asayansi. Kusunga nyama yokongola ngati imeneyi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi ntchito yoyamba ya munthu masiku ano.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02/26/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 19:33
