Dolphin wamaso oyera - nyamayi, banja lansomba yamoto yolembedwa kuchokera ku cetacean. Pali mitundu yoposa 40 ya nyama izi padziko lapansi. Ma dolphin amakhala makamaka m'malo otentha, koma palinso mitundu ina yomwe imasankha madzi ozizira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kuwona ngakhale pafupi ndi Arctic yozizira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera
Thupi la nyama ndilolimba kwambiri, kumbuyo kuli mdima kapena imvi, mosiyana ndi mbali zowala. Pali kansalu koyera kapena koyera. Mphuno ndi mimba ya dolphin ndi yoyera, kumapeto kwake kumakhala kotalika ndipo kumawonekera pamwamba pamadzi. Malo owala akulu amapezeka kuseri kwa dorsal fin.
Khalidwe lanyama limatha kufotokozedwa ngati logwira ntchito:
- mayendedwe ndi achangu komanso olimba, ma dolphin ndi okwera ndipo nthawi zambiri amalumpha m'madzi, amaseketsa ena ndi machitidwe awo;
- nyama zimakonda kuyenda ndi zombo zikudutsa, zimatsetsereka pamafunde akuyang'ana okwera ndi ogwira ntchito;
- Nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu ndipo amapezeka m'magulu a anthu opitilira 28 kapena kupitilira apo, nthawi ndi nthawi amapanga gulu lalikulu la anthu 200 kapena kupitilira apo.
Pofuna kusodza, ma dolphin amatha kupangika m'magulu osakanikirana ndi subspecies ofanana. Itha kukhala chisakanizo cha ma dolphin a Atlantic komanso oyera. Nthawi zina nyama zimatha kutsagana ndi anamgumi akuluakulu, kugawana nawo nyama ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati chitetezo cha ana awo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera kuchokera ku Red Book
Kutalika kwa dolphin wamba kumakhala pakati pa 1.5 mpaka 9-10 m.Nyama yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mtundu wa Maui, womwe umakhala pafupi ndi New Zealand. Kutalika kwazimayi kakang'ono sikudutsa mita 1.6. Wokhala wamkulu kwambiri mnyanja yakuya ndi dolphin wamba wamaso oyera, kutalika kwake ndikoposa 3 mita.
Woimira wamkulu m'kalasi iyi ndi nsomba yakupha. Kutalika kwamphongozi kumafika mamita 10. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala 10-20 cm kutalika kuposa akazi. Nyama zimalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 150 mpaka 300, nsomba yamphesa imatha kuposera pang'ono tani.
Gawo lakumtunda lakumbuyo kwa chimbudzi chakumbuyo ndi mbali zake zozungulira zimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, mimba ya nyama imakhala yoyera. Ndipo pamwamba kumbuyo, kutsogolo kwa dorsal fin, dolphin ili ndi utoto wakuda. Mphepete ndi zipsepse zakumaso ndizonso zakuda kowala. Mlomo wa dolphin wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera, koma nthawi zina umakhala phulusa.
Kanema: Dolphin wamaso oyera
Ma dolphin ndi achibale a anamgumi, chifukwa amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina nyama zimayandama pamwamba pamadzi ndikupumira. Tikagona, nyama zimayandama pamwamba pa nyanja kuti zipumire mwachilengedwe, osadzuka. Dolphin amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kulemera kwa ubongo kwa nyamayi ndi 1.7 kg, yomwe ndi magalamu 300. anthu ambiri, amakhalanso ndi maumboni owirikiza katatu kuposa anthu. Izi zitha kufotokozera za chikhalidwe cha nyama, kuthekera kwachifundo, kufunitsitsa kuthandiza anthu opanda thanzi komanso ovulala kapena munthu womira.
Komanso, nyama zimathandizira moyenera komanso moyenera. Wachibale wina akavulala ndipo samamatira bwino panyanja, ma dolphin amathandizira kotero kuti wodwalayo sangathe kumira kapena kumira. Amachitanso chimodzimodzi populumutsa munthu, kuthandiza munthu womira kuti afike kumtunda. Ndizosatheka kufotokoza izi moyenera ndi kudera nkhawa anthu. Pakadali pano, asayansi sangathe kutanthauzira mayanjano okoma a dolphin oyera-ndevu, koma koposa zonse zimawoneka ngati chifundo chololera, kuzindikira komanso thandizo lokwanira kwa wozunzidwayo pamavuto.
Kodi dolphin wamaso oyera amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera munyanja
Mwachilengedwe, ma dolphin okhala ndi nkhope zoyera amakhala pafupifupi m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi. Koma ambiri a iwo amapezeka ozizira m'nyanja Barents, kumene chiwerengero chawo chimafikira anthu oposa 10 zikwi.
Nyama zimakhala m'magulu, kuchuluka kwa gulu limodzi kumatha kufikira mamembala 50. Akazi ndi ana awo amasonkhana m'magulu osiyana, omwe amatha kuteteza moyo wa achinyamata kuchokera ku chiwonongeko cha adani. Nyama sizimadzipatula m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe amthupi amatha kukhala pagulu limodzi. Izi zitha kukhala Atlantic, mitundu yoyera, ndi zina zambiri.
Khalidwe la ma dolphin limadziwika ndikudumphadumpha m'madzi kupita kumtunda. Nyama zimadya nsomba zazing'ono, ma molluscs, nkhanu ndi nsomba zina zomwe sizisiya aliyense ali ndi njala. Nyama zitha kukonza kusaka pamodzi, kuyendetsa gulu la nsomba mumtsinje wamadzi kapena m'madzi osaya ndikusangalala ndi nyama yawo ngati chipinda chodyera m'madzi. Ma dolphins amafika pofika zaka 7-12. Zazimayi zimabereka ana pafupifupi miyezi 11. Nthawi ya moyo wa anthu siyoposa zaka 30-40.
Kodi dolphin wamaso oyera amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera
Zakudya za dolphin wa milomo yoyera zili ndi nsomba zonse zomwe zimapezeka m'nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi. Samanyoza nkhanu kapena nyamayi, amakonda kudya nsomba zazikulu kapena zazing'ono, amatha kusaka ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono. Pomwe nsomba, ma dolphin amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza gulu limodzi.
Kuti muchite izi, nyama zanzeru zimachita izi:
- tumizani ma scout kuti mupeze sukulu ya nsomba;
- zungulirani gulu la nsomba kuchokera mbali zonse, ndikudyetsa;
- nsomba zimayendetsedwa m'madzi osaya, kenako zimagwidwa pamenepo ndikudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera
Oimira ambiri pabanja la dolphin, monga ma dolphin a botolo, mitundu yoyera-yoyera, yoyera, nthawi zambiri amakhala kuphompho lamchere lamchere. Koma pali zamoyo zomwe zimakulira m'madzi abwino, zimakhala m'madzi ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu. Mtsinje wa dolphin wokhala ndi zoyera umapezeka mumtsinje wa Amazon ndi Orinoco - mitsinje ikuluikulu yaku America, wawonanso m'madzi aku Asia.
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, anthu okhala mumtsinje wa dolphin ayamba kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, adalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo amatetezedwa ndi lamulo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ma dolphin amaso oyera
Asayansi atsimikizira kuti mitundu yonse ya dolphin imagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chamanja polumikizirana. Izi zitha kukhala kulumpha kapena kusinthana, kusuntha kwa mutu kapena zipsepse, kukupiza modabwitsa mchira, ndi zina zambiri.
Komanso, nyama zanzeru zimatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu apadera. Ofufuza apeza zoposa mamiliyoni 14 zikwi zomveka, zofanana ndi nyimbo. Nyimbo za dolphin m'nyanja zamdziko lapansi ndizopeka komanso nthano zopeka.
Zothandizira kumva za ma dolphin zimatha kuzindikira zamphamvu 200,000 pamphindikati, pomwe anthu amangodziwa 20,000.
Nyama zimatha kusiyanitsa mawu amtundu wina ndi mzake, nkuzigawika mosavuta. Mothandizidwa ndimanjenje osiyanasiyana akupanga, nyama zimatha kutumizirana zidziwitso zofunika kwa wina ndi mnzake pamadzi patali kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa nyimbo, anthuwa amatha kutulutsa tizilomboto, kudina, malikhweru, ndi likhweru.
Ma dolphin amatha kuchenjeza anzawo za ngozi, amafotokoza za kuyandikira kwa nsomba yayikulu, amuna amayitanitsa akazi kuti akwerere. Anthuwa amatumizira wina ndi mnzake zakuya kwanyanja, pogwiritsa ntchito kulimba kwa madzi.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya phokoso la dolphin:
- Kukhazikika kapena phokoso lakumveka;
- Sonar kapena kumveka kwawo komwe munthuyo amapanga;
- Ochita kafukufuku adawerenga mitundu yopitilira 180 momwe masilabo, mawu, ziganizo komanso zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusiyanitsidwa bwino.
Amayi amakula msinkhu wawo wazaka zisanu ndikukhala akulu akulu, otha kutenga pakati ndikubereka ana. Amuna amakula kwakanthawi pang'ono ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zodzipangira zaka 10 zokha za moyo wawo. Nyama zimatha kupanga okwatirana, koma sizingasunge kukhulupirika kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake, pambuyo poti ana abereka, mabanjawo amatha.
Kubadwa kwa ma dolphin kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe. Pa nthawi yobereka, mkazi amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi madzi kuti amukankhire mwanayo mlengalenga ndikupuma kaye koyamba. Mwana nthawi zonse amabadwa yekha, amakhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 500. Mayi ake amamudyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuteteza ndi kuteteza ku mitundu yonse ya adani. M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, ma dolphin sagona konse ndipo amayi amakakamizidwa kuti aziyang'ana machitidwe awo usana ndi usiku, kusamalira chitetezo cha ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe a dolphin okhala ndi milomo yoyera
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera kuchokera ku Red Book
Zomwe zimawopseza ana a dolphin omwe ali ndi nkhope zoyera ndi anthu, moyo wawo komanso njira zawo. Kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa dolphin kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wamafuta akuwononga mankhwala, omwe nthawi zambiri amatayidwa ndi eni osasamala m'nyanja.
Nyama yamtendere, yayikulu komanso yogwira ilibe pafupifupi adani achilengedwe. Zinyama zina zimafa, kugwera m'maukonde ophera nsomba limodzi ndi nsomba. Ana a dolphin amatha kuukiridwa ndi nsombazi, kuyesa kumenya mwanayo kutali ndi mayi ake ndikudya nyama ya dolphin yofewa. Koma zoyesayesa izi sizimawoneka bwino, chifukwa dolphin imatha kupereka chitsutso choyenera kwa mdani aliyense, ndipo achibale ake sadzakhalabe opanda chidwi ndikuthandizira kulimbana kosafanana.
Ngakhale kuti dolphin samagwidwa ndi nsomba ndipo sagwidwa pamlingo waukulu, m'maiko ena amaloledwa kugwira nyamazi kuti adzagwiritsenso ntchito pakampani yazakudya komanso kuti azigulitsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera munyanja
Chiwerengero chenicheni cha dolphin wamaso oyera omwe amakhala munyanja ndi m'nyanja zapadziko lonse sichidziwika. Chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 200-300. Dolphin wamaso oyera amakhala makamaka m'malo awa:
- kumpoto kwa Atlantic;
- m'mbali mwa nyanja za Davis Strait ndi Cape Cod;
- m'nyanja za Barents ndi Baltic;
- kum'mwera kwa madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Portugal;
- yomwe imapezeka ku Turkey komanso m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Crimea.
Oyimira akuluakulu a mitundu ya ndevu zoyera ali pabwino. Dolphin wamaso oyera adayikidwa mu Red Book ngati chinthu chachilengedwe chosawerengeka komanso chophunzira pang'ono chomwe chimafuna chitetezo ndi chitetezo.
Kusunga ma dolphin oyera
Chithunzi: Dolphin wamaso oyera ku Russia
Posachedwapa, m'zaka 100 zapitazi, anamgumi anali kusakidwa mwakhama. Adafafanizidwa m'malo awo onse. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mitundu ingapo ya nyama zapaderazi ziwonongeke pang'ono. Masiku ano, kutchera sikumachitika chifukwa cha mafakitale kapena chakudya, koma kuti akhalebe mu ukapolo.
Nyama zaluso zaluso zimatha kupanga zisudzo zonse, zikuseketsa ana ndi akulu ndi chikhalidwe chawo chamtendere komanso chosangalala. Koma muukapolo, dolphins sangakhale moyo wautali, zaka 5-7 zokha, ngakhale mwachilengedwe amakhala zaka 30.
Zinthu zingapo zofunika zimakhudza kuchepa kwa nthawi ya dolphin:
- ntchito zochepa za nyama;
- malo osambira ochepa;
- zakudya zopanda malire.
Kuyankhulana ndi nyama zamtendere komanso zosangalatsa monga ma dolphin sikungakhale kosangalatsa komanso kopindulitsa.
Masiku ano, mitundu yonse yazosangalatsa komanso zoyeserera zikuchitika kuti zichiritse ana autism, matenda aubongo ndi matenda ena amisala kudzera kulumikizana ndi ma dolphin. Pakulankhulana pakati pa nyama ndi mwana wodwala, kukhazikika ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro amwana kumachitika.
Tikukhulupirira posachedwa dolphin wamaso oyera sichikhala nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutayika, zisangalatsa ana ndi akulu ndi masewera ake osangalatsa komanso machitidwe oseketsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/16/2019 nthawi 14:50
