Zimbalangondo zakhala zikudzutsa ulemu kwa anthu. Zithunzi zawo zimapezeka kale m'mapangidwe amphanga akale, mwachitsanzo, pazithunzi zamwala m'phanga la Chauvet ku France. Zikhulupiriro zambiri, miyambo, zikwangwani, komanso nthano ndi nthano zochokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi zimalumikizidwa ndi nyama zazikuluzikuluzi, makamaka, nyama zowopsa. Kodi ndi zimbalangondo ziti zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi ndipo nyama izi ndizodabwitsa?
Makhalidwe a zimbalangondo
Banja la chimbalangondo ndi la suborder canids, lomwe ndi gawo la dongosolo lazilombo. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, si zimbalangondo zonse zomwe zimakonda kudya nyama: omnivores amapambana pakati pawo.
Maonekedwe
Mosiyana ndi ma canids ena ambiri, zimbalangondo zimakhala zolimba pomanga. Ndi nyama zamphamvu, zamphamvu komanso zolimba zomwe zili ndi michira yayifupi. Mwa mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa banjali, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonetsedwa poti amuna ndi akulu komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi. Komanso, kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a chigaza kumatha kuwonedwa: mwa zimbalangondo zachikazi, mitu yake siyotakata ngati zimbalangondo zamphongo.
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi thupi lolimba lomwe limafota bwino. Khosi ndi lalifupi, lolimba komanso lambiri.
Mutu ndi waukulu, monga ulamuliro, ndi mphuno pang'ono kutalika poyerekeza dera cranial. Nsagwada ndi zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu, zokhala ndi minofu yotafuna bwino. Ma canine ndi ma incis ndi akulu komanso amphamvu, koma mano ena onse ndi ochepa.
Makutu ndi ang'ono, ozungulira. Maonekedwewa ndi chifukwa choti zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kutentha, chifukwa zimbalangondo zoyambirira, zomwe zidakhala makolo amitundu yonse yamasiku ano, kuphatikiza zosowa kwambiri, zimakhala m'malo ovuta.
Maso a zimbalangondo ndi apakatikati, ovunda kapena amondi, mtundu wawo, nthawi zambiri, umakhala wabulauni.
Zosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi mayini ena ambiri, zimbalangondo zilibe ma vibrissae pankhope zawo, koma nthawi yomweyo nyama izi zimakhala ndi kununkhira kwabwino, kuposa galu wosaka magazi.
Zingwe za zimbalangondo ndi zazing'ono zisanu, zofupikitsidwa komanso zazikulu: ndiponsotu, kuti muthandizire thupi lawo lamphamvu komanso lolemera, pamafunika miyendo yolimba komanso yamphamvu. Zikhadabo ndizazikulu, zosasunthika, zokhala ndi minofu yopangidwa bwino, yomwe imalola kuti nyamayo ikwere mitengo mosavuta, komanso kukumba pansi ndikung'amba nyama.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yazinyama, zimbalangondo zilibe tsitsi lachigawo muubweya wawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ali ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa melanin, womwe umatsimikizira mtundu wa malaya amtundu wa nyama izi.
Ubweya wa zimbalangondo ndi wautali komanso wandiweyani, wopangidwa ndi chovala chachifupi komanso chofewa, chomwe chimapanga chinyezi chomwe chimasunga kutentha pafupi ndi khungu la nyama ndi chovala chotalikirapo, chowoneka bwino chomwe chimapanga zokutira. Tsitsi lometa ndilofunika kuti zimbalangondo ziwateteze ku kuzizira m'phanga lawo panthawi yopumula. Nthawi yomweyo, mchaka, pomwe nyama imadzuka ndikupita panja, imatuluka, kotero kuti pofika chilimwe imakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi chabe lomwe silimalola kuti nyamayo ipsere chifukwa cha kutentha.
Mtundu wa zimbalangondo zambiri, kupatula ma pandas akulu-akulu wakuda kapena wakuda-bulauni, ndi wamtundu umodzi, koma mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi zowala pamaso kapena pachifuwa.
Mu zimbalangondo zakumtunda, chovalacho chimasuntha, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake obowoka, chimayendetsa bwino kutentha, ndikupereka pakhungu ndi mtundu wakuda.
Makulidwe
Masiku ano, zimbalangondo zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyambitsa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa thupi kwa zimbalangondo kumatha kukhala mita zitatu, pomwe kulemera kwa nyama zazikuluzi ndi 700-800, ndipo nthawi zina kuposa apo, makilogalamu. Ndipo kukula kwake kwa ochepa kwambiri mwa omwe akuyimira banja lino, chimbalangondo cha ku Malawi, chimafanana ndi galu woweta: kutalika kwake sikupitilira mita 1.5 ndikuwonjezeka kwa kufota kwa 50-70 cm ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 40-45 kg.
Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika ndi kulemera kwa zimbalangondo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako. M'mitundu yambiri, akazi amakhala ocheperako 10-20% kuposa amuna.
Kugonana kwamiyeso kukula ndi kulemera kwa thupi kumadziwika kwambiri mumitundu yayikulu ya zimbalangondo kuposa zazing'ono.
Moyo
Chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama za banjali imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo, zimasiyana mosiyana ndi zina ndi zina m'moyo wawo. Komabe, zimbalangondo zonse zimagwirizana chifukwa chakuti ndi nyama zakutchire ndipo chimbalangondo chokha chokha chimakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi wam'madzi.
Nthawi zambiri zimbalangondo zimagwira ntchito masana, koma ena amakonda kudyetsa usiku. Kwenikweni, amangokhala. Ndipo zimbalangondo zokhazokha ndizomwe zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chosamukira kwina kwakanthawi kochepa.
Nyamazi zimakhala moyo wokha, koma ngati pali magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti awa ndi mabanja omwe amakhala ndi mayi chimbalangondo ndi ana ake.
Komanso zimachitika kuti zimbalangondo zingapo zimapezeka pafupi ndi malo othiririra kapena popanga nsomba za salimoni, zomwe zimasaka. Koma nyamazi, zomwe zakumana mwangozi, sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi gulu limodzi. M'malo mwake, mpikisano pakati pawo ukhoza kukulirakulira panthawi ngati imeneyi. Nthawi zambiri, zimbalangondo zamwamuna, kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mwai umodzi kudya, kukondana, zomwe zimatsimikizika bwino ndi zipsera za zikhadabo ndi mano a abale awo, omwe amatha kuwoneka nyama zakale.
Osati mitundu yonse ya zimbalangondo zimapita ku hibernation, koma zofiirira, Himalayan ndi baribal zokha. Komabe, mu zimbalangondo zakumtunda, akazi apakati amathanso kubisala. Pakadali pano, nyamazo zimakhala ndi mafuta omwe adakwanitsa kudzikundikira.
Zosangalatsa! Chimbalangondo chikuwoneka ngati chinyama chochedwa komanso chosakhazikika: chimatha kuthamanga liwiro la makilomita 50 pa ola limodzi, chimadziwanso bwino kukwera mitengo komanso kusambira.
Nyama imeneyi sikumva bwino, ndipo maso a zimbalangondo zambiri siabwino. Koma mwa mitundu ina, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amafanana ndi a munthu, ndipo baribal amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, yomwe imamuthandiza kusiyanitsa mtedza ndi zipatso zodyedwa ndi zosadyeka.
Utali wamoyo
Zimbalangondo zimakhala nthawi yayitali kwa adani: zaka 25-40 m'dera lawo lachilengedwe. Kutalika kwa moyo mu ukapolo kumakhala kotalikirapo.
Mitundu ya zimbalangondo
Chimbalangondo chamakono chimakhala ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu yomwe ili m'mabanja atatu, ndipo abale awo oyandikana kwambiri ndi ma pinnipeds, ma mustelids, komanso, nyama zina za canine.
Zimbalangondo zofiirira
Amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwazakudya zoyenda kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe kutalika kwake, nthawi zina, zimaposa mita ziwiri, ndikulemera makilogalamu 250. Mtundu wa malayawo umatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira pakakhungu kakang'ono mpaka wakuda komanso wabuluu, koma utoto wofala kwambiri, womwe mtunduwu umadziwika ndi dzina.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira chimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango, zonse zazitali komanso zamapiri. Koma m'malo ena ake, imapezekanso m'malo otseguka - m'mapiri a Alpine, m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso mumtunda.
Nyama izi zimakhala zokhazokha ndipo zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi: iliyonse ili ndi gawo lake, dera lomwe limatha kukhala pakati pa 70 mpaka 400 ma kilomita.
M'nyengo yozizira, amakonda kubisala, komwe kumatha masiku 75 mpaka 195, kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo.
Ichi ndi nyama yanzeru, yochenjera, yopepuka mwachangu komanso yofunafuna kudziwa zambiri. Zimbalangondo zimakonda kupewa kukumana ndi anthu. Amakhala owopsa pokhapokha atadzuka nyengo yachisanu isanathe ndikukhala otchedwa ndodo. Pakadali pano, chakudya chikasowa, olusawa amatha kuwononga ziweto ndi anthu. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, chimbalangondo pakawopseza ana ake chitha kuwonetsanso zankhanza.
Pafupifupi kotala la chakudya cha chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba: zipatso, mtedza, zipatso, komanso zimayambira, zotumphukira ndi mizu. Amadya chakudya cha nyama, amakonda kudya nsomba, komanso tizilombo, nyongolotsi, amphibiya, abuluzi, ndi makoswe. Masewera akuluakulu amasakidwa kawirikawiri ndipo, monga lamulo, kumayambiriro kwa masika, pakadali chakudya chochepa chomera. Amatha kusaka maululu osiyanasiyana - agwape, agwape, agwape, agwape, caribou. M'madera ena am'derali, mwachitsanzo, ku Far East, amathanso kulanda nyama zina zolusa: mimbulu, akambuku komanso mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo. Amakonda kwambiri uchi, koma pomaliza samakana kugwa.
Pakadali pano pali ma subspecies angapo a chimbalangondo chofiirira, omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe akuphimba madera akuluakulu a Eurasia ndi North America.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira ku Europe. Amakhala ku Europe, komanso kumadzulo kwa Russia ndi Caucasus. Palinso pang'ono kummawa: kuyambira Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug kumpoto mpaka kudera la Novosibirsk kumwera. Monga lamulo, mtundu waubweya wawo ndi bulauni yakuda, koma palinso anthu owala kwambiri.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Siberia. Amakhala ku Siberia, kum'mawa kwa Yenisei, omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwa chigawo cha China ku Xinjiang, kumpoto kwa Mongolia komanso kumalire ndi East Kazakhstan. Ndi zazikulu kukula: mpaka 2.5 mita kutalika ndi mpaka 1.5 mita zikufota, ndipo zimalemera, pafupifupi 400-500 kg. Mtundu wa malayawo ndi wakuda bii, pomwe miyendo nthawi zambiri imadetsedwa.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Syria. Izi zimakhala m'mapiri a Middle East, ku Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Iran ndi Iraq. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zimbalangondo zofiirira komanso zoyera kwambiri. Makulidwe ake samapitilira masentimita 150 kutalika. Mtundu wa nyama izi ndi wopepuka - bulauni-khofi wokhala ndi khungu laimvi.
- Grizzly. Amapezeka ku North America, Alaska, ndi kumadzulo kwa Canada. komanso anthu ochepa a subspecies apulumuka m'mapiri a Rocky komanso m'boma la Washington. Kukula kwa chimbalangondo cha grizzly kumadalira pamikhalidwe yake: pamodzi ndi anthu akulu kwambiri, mutha kupezanso nyama zapakatikati, mtundu wa malayawo utha kukhala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni. Kunja, siosiyana kwenikweni ndi chimbalangondo wamba cha ku Europe.
- Kodiak. Chachikulu kwambiri pamalonda onse padziko lapansi. Amakhala pazilumba zazilumba za Kodiak kufupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Alaska. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kufika mamita 2.8, kutalika kumafota - 1.6 mita, ndikulemera mpaka 700 kg.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Apennine. Amapezeka m'zigawo zingapo za ku Italy. Zimasiyana kukula pang'ono (kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka 190 cm, kulemera kwa 95 mpaka 150 kg). Nyama izi, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, sizikuwonetsa kuponderezana kwa anthu.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Himalaya. Amakhala kumapiri a Himalaya, komanso Tien Shan ndi Pamirs. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mpaka 140 cm, kulemera - mpaka 300 kg. Mosiyana ndi ma subspecies ena, zikhadabo zake ndizopepuka, osati zakuda.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Japan. Amakhala ku Far East, makamaka, Sakhalin, Primorye, Hokkaido ndi Honshu. Mwa ma subspecies awa, pali onse akulu kwambiri komanso ang'onoang'ono. Chikhalidwe cha zimbalangondo zofiirira zaku Japan ndi mdima waukulu, nthawi zina pafupifupi wakuda.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Kamchatka. Okhala ku Chukotka, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, gombe la Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Imapezekanso pachilumba cha St. Lawrence ku Bering Sea. Subpecies iyi imadziwika kuti ndi chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri ku Eurasia: kutalika kwake ndi 2.4 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake mpaka 650 kg. Mtunduwo ndi bulauni yakuda, wokhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino.
- Gobi bulauni chimbalangondo. Odwala ku Chipululu cha Gobi ku Mongolia. Imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kukula kwake, mtundu wa malaya ake umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka kubiriwira loyera.
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Tibet. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Chigwa cha Tibetan. Amadziwika ndi chovala chotalikirapo komanso chowala pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi pamapewa, chomwe chimapanga chithunzi cha kolala kapena kolala chovala nyama.
Zosangalatsa! Amakhulupirira kuti chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Tibet chinakhala choyimira cha yeti mu nthano zaku Tibetan.
Baribi
Mitundu yofala kwambiri ku North America. Imasiyana ndi baribal wofiirira wocheperako (thupi lake ndi mamita 1.4-2) ndi ubweya wakuda, wamfupi.
Komabe, pali ziphuphu zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa malaya. Mwachitsanzo, ku Canada kumadzulo kwa Manitoba, mbala zofiirira si zachilendo, ndipo kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Alaska kuli zotchedwa "zimbalangondo zachikuda" zokhala ndi ubweya wakuda wabuluu. Pazilumba zomwe zili pafupi ndi gombe la British Columbia, pali baribal woyera, yemwe amatchedwanso Kermode kapena chilumba chimbalangondo.
Ponseponse, pakadali pano pali ma subspecies 16 amitundu, osiyana mitundu ndi mitundu.
Abambo amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi zigwa, koma pofunafuna chakudya amathanso kupita kumadera otseguka. Amakonda kukhala moyo wamadzulo. Pofika nyengo yozizira, imabisala, komanso, mapanga, ming'alu yamiyala, danga pansi pamizu ya mitengo, ndipo nthawi zina dzenje lomwe chimbalangondo chomwe chimakumba pansi limakhala ngati phanga.
Oyera amakhala omnivores, koma maziko azakudya zawo, nthawi zambiri, ndi chakudya chochokera kuzomera, ngakhale samakana tizilombo, nyama, nsomba, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, zinyalala zodyera zomwe zimbalangondozi zimapeza m'malo otayilamo dothi pafupi ndi midzi.
Ndi genotype yake, baribal si wachibale kwenikweni wa chimbalangondo chofiirira kapena chapakati ngati cha Himalayan, komwe mtundu uwu udasiyana zaka pafupifupi 4.08 miliyoni zapitazo.
Zimbalangondo zoyera
Amawonedwa ngati nyama zazikuluzikulu zotengera kumtunda. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna kumatha kukhala 3 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 1 ton. Chimbalangondo chakumtunda chimakhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso mutu wolimba. Mtundu wa malaya amatha kukhala oyera ngati chipale chofewa mpaka chikaso, komanso, mchilimwe, chikasu cha ubweya chimakhala chowonekera kwambiri. Nyamazi zimakhala ndi chotupa pakati pa zala zakumapazi, ndipo mapazi amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wopewa hypothermia ndikuterera pa ayezi.
Nyama imeneyi imakhala kumadera akutali a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Ku Russia, amapezeka pagombe la Arctic la Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, komanso m'madzi a Bering and Chukchi.
Chimbalangondo chotchedwa polar chimadziwika kuti ndi msaki wamphamvu komanso wosachedwa kusambira yemwe amasambira bwino m'madzi ozizira aku Arctic. Mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina zomwe zimadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, chakudya chawo chimadalira nyama ya nyama zam'madzi.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimasamukira kwakanthawi: m'nyengo yozizira amasamukira kumadera akumwera, ngakhale kumtunda, ndipo nthawi yotentha amabwerera kumpoto kwambiri, pafupi ndi mzati.
Zimbalangondo zoyera (Himalayan)
Amakhala ku Southeast and East Asia, ku Russia amapezeka ku Far East: ku Ussuriysk Territory komanso ku Amur Region.
Zimbalangondo zoyera zimasiyana ndi zofiirira m'miyeso yaying'ono (kutalika kwa 150-170 cm, kutalika pakufota - 80 cm, kulemera kwa 120-140 kg) ndi thupi lowonda. Nyamazi zimakhala ndi mutu wapakatikati polumikizana ndi thupi lokhala ndi mphuno lakuthwa komanso makutu akulu, otalikirana kwambiri, amkati mwa makutu. Chovalacho ndi chachitali komanso chakuda, makamaka chakuda, koma oimira amtunduwu amapezekanso ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena wofiira.
Chizindikiro chachikulu chakunja chomwe chidatchula dzinali ndi malo oyera kapena achikasu ooneka ngati V pachifuwa.
Zosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha chizindikiro choyera pachifuwa, zimbalangondo zoyera zimatchedwanso zimbalangondo za mwezi.
Nyama izi zimakhala m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha komanso m'nkhalango zamkungudza. Amadyetsa makamaka chakudya chomera, koma nthawi zina samadana ndi uchi kapena tizilombo, amathanso kuyesedwa ndi zovunda.
Zimbalangondo zoyamwitsa zoyera ndizokwera bwino, theka la miyoyo yawo, pafupifupi, amakhala mumitengo, ngakhale nyengo yachisanu nthawi zambiri samakhazikika m'mapanga, koma m'maenje akulu.
Panda zazikulu
Odwala kumapiri aku Central China, omwe amapezeka ku Sichuan ndi Tibet. Amasiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina ndi utoto wonyezimira wakuda kapena wakuda-bulauni, mchira wautali komanso mtundu wa chala china cham'manja, chomwe panda imagwira mapesi ofiyirira akudya.
Amadyetsa makamaka nsungwi, koma chakudya chanyama chimafunikira ndi pandas zazikulu monga gwero la mapuloteni. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza pazakudya za nsungwi, nyama izi zimadya mazira a mbalame, komanso mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri komanso nyama, komanso tizilombo ndi nyama zakufa.
Zosangalatsa! Kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhulupirira kuti panda wamkuluyo ndi raccoon wamkulu.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wasonyeza kuti nyamayi kwenikweni ndi ya banja la chimbalangondo, ndipo wachibale wake wapafupi ndi chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino chomwe sichikhala ku Asia, koma ku South America.
Ponseponse, pali mitundu iwiri yazinyama zazikuluzikulu: yomwe imakhala m'chigawo cha Sichuan ndipo ili ndi utoto wachikhalidwe choyera ndi chakuda ndi umodzi womwe umakhala m'mapiri a Qinling m'chigawo cha Shaanxi ndipo ndi wocheperako kukula ndi mawanga a bulauni osati utoto wakuda.
Zimbalangondo zochititsa chidwi
Iyi ndi mitundu yokhayo ya zamoyo zazifupi yomwe imakhalako m'nkhalango zakumapiri kumtunda kwa kumadzulo kwa Andes ku South America. Kwenikweni, zimatsogolera moyo wamadzulo komanso madzulo.
Maziko azakudya zake ndi chakudya chomera, koma amatha kudya tizilombo, amaganiziranso kuti zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino zimatha kusaka ma guanacos ndi vicunas.
Nyama iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo: ili ndi mutu wokulirapo komanso chofupikitsa. Pafupi ndi maso pali zolemba zoyera kapena zachikasu ngati "magalasi" pomwe mtundu uwu udatchedwa dzina. Pakamwa pake ndi pakhosi ndizopepuka, komanso, ziphasozi zimaphatikizana ndi "magalasi". Kukula kwa thupi lake ndikutalika mamita 1.3-2, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kwa 70 mpaka 140 kg. Chovalacho ndi chachitali kwambiri komanso chosalala, mtundu wake ndi wakuda bulauni kapena wakuda.
Zimbalangondo zachi Malay
Amawerengedwa kuti ndioyimira ang'ono kwambiri m'banja la chimbalangondo: kutalika kwake kwa thupi sikupitilira mita 1.5, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 27 mpaka 65 kg. Nyama izi, zomwe zimatchedwanso "zimbalangondo zadzuwa" kapena ma biruangs, zimapezeka kuchokera kuchigawo cha Assam ku India kudzera ku Indochina, Myanmar ndi Thailand kupita ku Indonesia. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, amapezekanso kumwera kwa China m'chigawo cha Sichuan.
Nyamayo imakhala m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha, makamaka kumapiri ndi kumapiri a Southeast Asia. Kwera mitengo mwangwiro, ndikuidyetsa ndi zipatso ndi masamba. Kawirikawiri, biruang ndi yamphongo, koma imadya tizilombo ndi mphutsi makamaka mofunitsitsa. Lilime lalitali kwambiri komanso locheperako limalola chimbalangondo ichi kugwira chiswe ndi uchi.
Chimbalangondo chachi Malay chimakhala chokhwima komanso mutu wokulirapo wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi. Makutu ndi ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, osanjikiza. Chovalacho ndi chachifupi komanso chosalala. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda, womwe umawala pankhope mpaka pachikasu-fawn. Khungu lomwe lili pakhosi ndi lotayirira kwambiri, limapanga makutu, omwe amalola chimbalangondo chachiMalay "kutuluka" m'mano mwa nyama zodya nyama monga akambuku kapena akambuku.
Zosangalatsa! Pa chifuwa cha nyama iyi pali chizindikiro choyera kapena chowoneka ngati chipatso cha akavalo, chofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi utoto wadzuwa lomwe likutuluka, ndichifukwa chake ma biruang amatchedwa "zimbalangondo za dzuwa".
Zimbalangondo zaulesi
Zimbalangondo zazing'ono zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka ndi Bangladesh. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 180 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 54-140 kg.
Thupi la kanyama kameneka ndi kakang'ono, mutu ndi waukulu, mphuno yake ndi yayitali komanso yopapatiza. Mtunduwo umakhala wakuda kwambiri, nthawi zina umasakanikirana ndi tsitsi laimvi, lofiirira kapena lofiira. Ubweyawo ndi wautali komanso wowuma, paphewa pake pali mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mane. Pakamwa pake pamalibe ubweya ndipo imayenda kwambiri, yomwe imalola kuti nyamayo ikoke milomo yake mu chubu. Lilime ndilolitali kwambiri, chifukwa chake, nyama imatha kugwira nyerere ndi chiswe.
Zimakhala zosangalatsa usiku. Amakwera mitengo bwino, pomwe imadyako zipatso. Amadziwika chifukwa chokonda uchi, womwe adalandira dzina loti "uchi chimbalangondo".
Akuluakulu
Metis wa zimbalangondo zakumtunda ndi ma grizzlies. Nthawi zambiri, ana osakanizidwa amtunduwu amabadwira kumalo osungira nyama. Agogo ndi osowa kwambiri kuthengo, chifukwa ma grizzlies ndi zimbalangondo zakumtunda amakonda kukhala kutali wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, panali zochitika zingapo zakudziwika zakukula kwa ana osakanizidwa m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Kunja, ma Grolars amawoneka ofanana ndi zimbalangondo zakumtunda, koma ubweya wawo umakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda wakuda, wabulauni kapena wowala, ndipo anthu ena amadziwika ndi ubweya wakuda mwamphamvu pamagawo ena amthupi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitundu
Chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, malo okhala mitundu yambiri ya zimbalangondo akuchepa mofulumira. Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa adaniwo, ndichifukwa chake zimbalangondo zina zitha kuopsezedwa kuti zitha posachedwa.
Mpaka pano, chimbalangondo chokhacho ndi baribal okha ndi omwe angawerengedwe ngati mitundu yabwino, yomwe yapatsidwa mwayi wokhala "Mitundu Yosasamala Kwambiri". Zimbalangondo zina zonse, kupatula ma grolars, omwe sayeneranso kunenedwa ngati mitundu ina, amadziwika kuti Vulnerable Species.
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zimbalangondo ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. M'malo mwake, mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa chimbalangondo imadalira kwambiri malo awo. Kusintha kwanyengo kapena kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango komwe amakhala kumatha kuwonongeratu. Ndi chifukwa chake mitundu yambiri ya zimbalangondo zimatetezedwa ndikulembedwa mu International Red Book.
