Galu wa fisi ndi wa banja lachilengedwe la canine, mtundu wa Lycaon, womwe ndi mtundu wokhawo. Dzinalo la Latin (Lycaon pictus) limapangidwa kuchokera m'mawu awiri - Greek Lycaon kutanthauza "nkhandwe" ndi Latin pictus - yokongoletsedwa kapena kujambulidwa.
Dzinalo linaperekedwa kwa galu wa fisi chifukwa cha khungu lake losiyanasiyana, lokutidwa ndi mawanga akuda, amchenga (ofiira ofiira) ndi oyera, osafanana m'maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, ndipo amapezeka modabwitsa kotero kuti, monga tawonera, ndizosatheka kupeza anthu awiri ojambula omwewo.
Kufotokozera za nyama
Ngakhale adatchulidwa - fisi - galu samawoneka ngati fisi, kapangidwe kathupi kapenanso mtundu. Wachibale wake wapafupi kwambiri ndi nkhandwe yofiyira ya ku Southeast Asia. Fisi ndi galu fisi ngakhale ali ochokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana - fisi (suborder feline) ndi ma canine, motsatana. Mwa zolusa zakumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, galu ndiwokhudzana ndi nkhandwe, mphalapala ndi nkhandwe.
Fisi galu - nyama yopyapyala, youma, yopyapyala, ikukula ikamafota mpaka masentimita 77 komanso kutalika kwa thupi lokwana 1.3-1.5 m, komwe mchirawo umatha kufika 0.4 m.Iye ili ndi miyendo yayitali, yolimba yomwe imamuthandiza kuthamanga msanga. Pa miyendo yakutsogolo, zala 4.
Nyamayo imalemera makilogalamu 18 mpaka 36, kusiyana kwakukulu kotere kumafotokozedwa ndikuti kulemera kwa munthu wanjala komanso wodyetsedwa bwino kumatha kusiyanasiyana ndi 9 kg. Ndi momwe nyama imadyera nthawi imodzi. Agalu agalu aamuna ndi achikazi amakhala osazindikirika wina ndi mnzake, champhongo chimakulirapo pang'ono.
Ubweya wa agaluwa ndi waufupi, ochepa, m'malo ena kudzera mwa iwo khungu, lolimba, limatha kuwala. Maonekedwe a mawanga samangokhala osiyana ndi nyama iliyonse, komanso osiyanasiyana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Kumbuyo kwake kumatha kukhala kwakuda kapena koyera, malo owala mdima kapena owala amabalalika pamenepo, owala nthawi zonse amakhala ndi malire akuda. Pali nyama zakuda kwathunthu.
Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi komanso yosamveka. Makutu akulu ndi ozunguliridwa, komanso totsegulira m'maso mwa agalu, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda, pakati pa maso pamakhala mzere wakuda wakuda, wopitilira kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo. Mutu wonse, khosi ndi mapewa ndi ofiira ofiira, maso ndi abulauni.
Khungu la agalu afisi limakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa chinsinsi, ndikuwapatsa kununkhira kowoneka bwino. Mchira ndiwofewa, wachikaso m'munsi, wakuda pakati, woyera kumapeto, wamtali, wofikira kumabowo. Agalu agalu agalu amabadwa akuda ndimadontho oyera, makamaka pamiyendo, wachikaso amapezeka pamasabata 7.
Agalu afisi amakhala ndi mawu ofuula kwambiri. Amakuwa, kutuluka kukasaka, amatha kuuwa, kulira, kutulutsa mawu ngati ana anyani, ana agalu amalira, kufuna kuti amayi awo kapena abale awo awasamalire. Fisi galu pachithunzichi - woimira mtundu wake.
Kumakhala kuti
Fisi agalu amakhala kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa, makamaka kuthengo, madera osatukuka kapena m'mapaki aku Namibia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Swaziland, Kenya, South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique. South Africa ili ndi theka la ziweto zonse. Ngakhale m'mbuyomu agaluwa anali otakata, amakhala m'mapiri kuchokera kumalire akumwera kwa Algeria ndi Sudan mpaka kumwera kwenikweni kwa kontrakitala.
Masiku ano, agalu amakhala makamaka m'mapiri, mapiri komanso zipululu. Amapezeka m'mapiri, osapezeka m'nkhalango zaku Africa. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chofanana, m'malo ena agalu amawoneka pafupipafupi, mwa ena, m'malo mwake, kawirikawiri. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikuti amatsata nyama zomwe amadya, ndikuyenda nawo mdziko.
Galu wa fisi - mtundu wosowa womwe umaphatikizidwa mu Red Book ngati mtundu womwe ungathe kutha. Chiwerengero cha agalu ndi 3-5.5 zikwi, anthu wamba pagulu limodzi ndi awiri mwa awiri, ngakhale kale anali 100 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kutsika kwa malo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kumalumikizidwa ndi zochitika za anthu, matenda opatsirana (chiwewe, omwe agalu amatenga nawo agalu oweta, kuphatikiza) ndikuwombera kosalamulirika kochitidwa ndi alimi akumaloko. Anthu angapo amafa akagwidwa ndi amphaka akulu - nyalugwe ndi mikango.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Agalu samakonda kusaka okha, makamaka amasonkhana pagulu la anthu 10-30, chifukwa kusaka kwawo kumachita bwino kwambiri. Komanso, nyama zambiri, zimadzidalira. Kusaka agalu afisi Amadutsa makamaka m'mawa kapena madzulo, nthawi zochepa usiku, chifukwa amatsogoleredwa ndi kupenya, osati fungo.
Ngakhale mphamvu, monga zilombo zonse, zimagwira ntchito yawo mwangwiro - agalu amamva kununkhira konse, amamva mawu patali kwambiri ndikuwona mumdima. Zonsezi zimawathandiza kuti azipeza chakudya nthawi zonse.
Gulu la agalu afisi sakhala pamalo amodzi, ndi akazi okha omwe amalemba maderawo nthawi yoswana. Chakudya chikasowa, nyama zimasamukira kudera lina. Apa, amayesetsa kuthamangitsa nyama zina zomwe zitha kupikisana nazo.
Pali nthawi zina agalu akaukira mikango ndi nyama, ngakhale nyama zazikulu komanso zamphamvu kwambiri sizingagonjetse gulu lalikulu la agalu. Komabe, ngakhale galu mmodzi wamkulu wathanzi amatha kuyendetsa ndi kupha gwape wapakati.
Monga afisi, agalu afisi amatha kutsatira mikango ndikudya zakudya zomwe amasiya. Koma, mosiyana ndi afisi, amadzisakabe pafupipafupi. Khalidwe la galu wa Fisi Sichimenyera anthu, sawukira koyamba, milandu yokhayokha idafotokozedwa ndikuti nyama idavulala. Koma amatha kuyendayenda m'midzi ndikupha ziweto, monga nkhosa kapena mbuzi, ngakhale samachita izi kawirikawiri. Sakonda amphaka ndi agalu, nthawi yomweyo amawathamangira ndi kuwang'amba.
Amadya chiyani
Chikhalidwe cha agalu afisi ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi ma molars akulu, opambana mano a ma canine ena. Amatha kukukuta agalu ngakhale mafupa akuluakulu. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa chakudya chachikulu cha nyama izi ndi ungulates apakatikati: mbawala, impala, antelope.
Ma ungulates akulu - eland, njati, mbidzi, nyumbu ndi oryx - amathanso kukhala nyama yawo, koma kangapo. Ngati kulibe nyama yayikulu, ndiye kuti agalu akuphedwa ndi makoswe, hares, abuluzi ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zakomweko.
Kusaka kwawo kumapita monga momwe amakonzera: m'mawa agalu amapatsana moni, kusewera ndikusewera. Kenako amapita kukasaka, kusiya malo oyambayo kwa 15 km kapena kupitilira apo. Ataona anthu akugwa, anthu angapo amathamangira m'gululi, nkumwazikana, ndikusankha nyama yofooka kwambiri.
Ena onse adalumikizana nawo, amathamangitsa osakhazikika kwambiri, panthawiyi amathamangira kumapeto kwa kuthekera kwawo, pa liwiro la 50-55 km pa ola limodzi, patali pang'ono amatha kuthamanga kwambiri.
Amatha kukhala ndi liwiro lalitali kwambiri kwa 5 km, osatinso, koma izi ndizokwanira kuti nyama yomwe ikutsatidwa ileke kutopa. Kenako agalu amamuthamangira ndikumukokera. Nthawi zina, kuyendetsa wovulalayo, amatha kudziponyera kumapazi ake kapena kumugwira m'mimba. Nyama yomwe yaphedwa imadyedwa mwachangu, ndikudula zidutswa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera pamenepo.
Zachidziwikire, choyambirira, nyama zakale, zodwala, zovulala kapena zofooka chabe zimamwalira ndi mano agalu a fisi, chifukwa chake odyetsawa, osamalira chakudya chawo, nthawi yomweyo amachita gawo lachilengedwe.
Agalu afisi amakonda nyama yatsopano, ndipo pafupifupi samabwereranso ku nyama yomwe sanadyepo kale. Samadya chilichonse chomera, tizilombo, chovunda, koma amachiritsa odya aliwonse pafupi nawo, sakonda afisi okhaokha. Amawathamangitsa opanda chifundo, kumenya nawo nkhondo zamagazi, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuberekana ndi ubale pagulu
Galu wamkazi wa afisi amakweza ana ake m'mabowo akulu omwe amakhala m'malo amchipululu. Sichikumba maenje ake, imagwiritsa ntchito omwe aponyedwa ndi odziwika. Akazi ena onse omwe alibe ana amamuthandiza kudyetsa ana agalu. Kusamalira abale awo ndizofanana ndi agalu kunja kwa nyengo yoswana - samakonda kumenyera chakudya, amatha kubweretsa nyama kwa iwo omwe, pazifukwa zilizonse, sangapeze chakudya chawo.
Agalu afisi amatha kubereka chaka chonse, koma makamaka ana agalu amabadwa kuyambira Marichi mpaka Julayi. Mu akazi, mimba imatenga miyezi 2-2.5, mu zinyalala imodzi muli ana awiri mpaka 20. Amabadwa akhungu, amaliseche ndi ogontha, ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira cha amayi.
Agalu ali limodzi ndi ana agalu omwe ali ndi miyezi 1-1.5, nthawi yonseyi ma burrows amatetezedwa ndi anthu ena. Kenako amayamba kusiya anawo, nthawi iliyonse ndikuwonjezera nthawi yakusakhalapo.
Pakatha miyezi 2.5, ana agaluwo amakula kwambiri kwakuti amatha kuchoka panyumbapo. Poyamba, samapita kutali ndi iye, pomwe amadziwana bwino ndi dziko lowazungulira komanso abale awo. Amapita kukasaka koyamba akafika zaka 1-1.5.
Agalu achichepere amakhala achangu, oyenda, okhala ndi moyo wabwino, amakonda kuthamanga, kusewera, amatha kuluma, nthawi zina chifukwa chonyalanyaza komwe sangachite popanda kuvulala. Gululo limamvera ulamuliro wolowerera, zikuluzikulu zomwe zili mmenemo ndi gulu la akazi ndi amuna, lomwe limakhalabe moyo wawo wonse.
Ndi kuchokera mwa ana awo kuti gululi limapangidwa. Akazi ena onsewo amamvera akazi akale, amuna amamvera amuna. Ngati mwadzidzidzi iliyonse yazimayi, kupatula yayikuluyo, ili ndi ana agalu, ndiye kuti yayikuluyo imatha kuyiluma. Khalidweli ndilolungamitsidwa ndikuti ana agalu ambiri amabadwa, ndipo bola atapulumuka, kuchuluka kwa paketiyo sikungapeweke.
Maudindo akuluakulu pakati pa achikulire ndi achichepere amakhazikitsidwa mwamtendere, popanda ndewu, pokhapokha powonetsa olamulira kapena ochepa. Ndi azimayi achichepere azaka 2-3 okha omwe amatha kumenyera chidwi champhongo, otayika amasiya paketiyo kukafunafuna banja latsopano.
Hafu yamphongo, ikatha msinkhu, imachokanso kuti ipange gulu latsopano. Mikango nthawi zambiri imalimbana ndi nyama yosungulumwa panthawiyi, afisi a cheetah ndi adani achilengedwe agalu. Banja latsopano nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi nyama 3-5 za msinkhu womwewo.
Agalu afisi amakhala mwachilengedwe kwazaka pafupifupi 10, koma monga ziweto, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala - zochulukirapo, mpaka zaka 15. Nyama zimawerengedwa kuti zasamalidwa bwino ndikuphunzitsidwa, kuzolowera komanso kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, kukhala okondedwa pabanja chifukwa chakhalidwe lawo losangalala, kusangalala, kusewera komanso kuyenda.
Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kubereka ana, ndipo ana agalu ambiri amabadwa kuposa momwe zimakhalira mwachilengedwe. Galu wa fisi ndiwosangalatsa ngati nthumwi yoyimira nyama zaku Africa, ngakhale sizochuluka. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, ili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi oimira nyama zina.
Tikuyembekezerabe kuti mitundu yachilendo yapaderayi sidzatha, kuti zinthu zizipangidwira kufalitsa ndi kuswana kwa agalu mdziko lonse lapansi, monga zinali m'masiku akale.
