Scorpion yachifumu (Pandinus imperator) ndi ya gulu la arachnids.
Kufalikira kwa chinkhanira chamfumu.
Emperor scorpion amapezeka ku West Africa, makamaka m'nkhalango za Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, Sierra Leone ndi Congo.
Malo okhala chinkhanira chamfumu.
Emperor chinkhanira nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Imabisala m'maenje, pansi pa masamba omwe agwa, pakati pa milu ya nkhalango, m'mbali mwa mitsinje, komanso chiswe, chomwe chimadya kwambiri. Emperor chinkhanira chimakonda kupezeka mwaunyinji mmadera a anthu.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chinkhanira chamfumu.
Emperor scorpion ndi imodzi mwazinkhanira zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumafikira pafupifupi masentimita 20. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amtundu uwu ndi olemera kwambiri kuposa zinkhanira zina, ndipo akazi apakati amatha kulemera kuposa magalamu 28. The integument thupi ndi wokongola, chonyezimira wakuda.
Pali zipilala zazikulu ziwiri (zikhadabo), miyendo inayi yoyenda, mchira wautali (telson), womaliza ndi mbola. Emperor scorpion ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera otchedwa pectins kuti afufuze malo osagwirizana. Mwa amuna iwo amakula kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, mano ofanana ndi chisa pamimba yakunja ndiwotalika. Monga mitundu ina ya arthropod, emperor scorpion imadutsa ma molts angapo. Poizoni ndi wofooka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza. Imagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zake zamphamvu kuti igwire nyama. Mofanana ndi zinkhanira zina, emperor scorpion amatenga mtundu wakunja wobiriwira wabuluu utawonekera kumayendedwe a ultraviolet.
Kuswana chinkhanira chamfumu.
Emperor scorpors amabala chaka chonse. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, amawonetsa miyambo yovuta yokwatirana. Pakakumana ndi yaikazi, yamphongo imagwedezeka ndi thupi lonse, kenako imamugwira pamiyendo ndipo zinkhanira zimakokerana kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamwambowu, kukwiya kwazimayi kumachepetsedwa. Amuna amawaza ma spermatophores pa gawo lolimba, kukakamiza mnzake wamkazi kuti atenge thumba la umuna la mazira. Nthawi zina, chachikazi chimadya chamuna chikakwatirana.
Mkazi amabereka ana kwa miyezi 9 ndipo amabereka zinkhanira 10 mpaka 12, zomwe zimafanana ndi akulu, ndizocheperako. Ziwombankhanga za Emperor zimakula msinkhu wazaka 4.
Mbewuyo imawoneka ngati yopanda chitetezo ndipo imafunikira chitetezo ndi kudyetsedwa, komwe mkazi amapereka. Ziphuphu zazing'ono zimakhala kumbuyo kwa amayi awo ndipo samadyetsa poyamba. Munthawi imeneyi, mkazi amakhala wankhanza kwambiri ndipo salola kuti aliyense amuyandikire. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ndi theka, zinkhanira zazing'ono zimakumana ndi mchere woyamba, zimakula ndipo zimatha kupeza chakudya chokha, zimasaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi akangaude. Emperor zinkhanira molt kasanu ndi kawiri m'moyo wawo wonse.
Zinkhanira zazing'ono zimabereka zili ndi zaka 4. Muukapolo, zinkhanira za emperor nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 5 mpaka 8. Zaka zakukhala m'chilengedwe mwina ndizofupikitsa.
Khalidwe la chinkhanira chamfumu.
Ngakhale amawoneka okongola, ankhanira a emperor ndi achinsinsi komanso osamala, sawonetsa nkhanza zambiri ngati sanasokonezedwe. Chifukwa chake, mitundu iyi imasungidwa ngati ziweto zodziwika bwino.
Ziwombankhanga za Emperor ndizodya usiku ndipo sizigwira ntchito mdima usanachitike.
Akamayenda, amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yolumikizira m'chiuno. Moyo ukawopsezedwa, zinkhanira za emperor sizimaukira, koma zimathawa ndikubisala paliponse pomwe zingapezeke, kuyesa kufinya thupi lawo m malo ochepa. Koma ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti ma arachnids amakwiya ndikuyamba kudzitchinjiriza, ndikukweza zikhadabo zawo zamphamvu. Ziwombankhanga za Emperor zimawonetsa zizindikilo zakakhalidwe ndikukhala m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 15. Kudya anthu wamba ndikosowa kwambiri pamitunduyi.
Pakusaka ndi kuteteza, zinkhanira zachifumu zimadziyang'ana zokha mothandizidwa ndi tsitsi labwinobwino pathupi ndikuzindikira kununkhira kwa nyama, masomphenya awo sanakule bwino. Poyenda, zinkhanira zamfumu zimatulutsa phokoso lokhalitsa ndi ma stridulatory bristles omwe amakhala pamapepala ndi chelicera.
Kudya chinkhanira chamfumu.
Emperor zinkhanira, monga lamulo, zimadya tizilombo ndi zina zotupa, nthawi zambiri sizimagunda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri amakonda chiswe, akangaude, mbewa, mbalame zazing'ono. Akuluakulu ankhanira akuluakulu, samakonda kupha nyama yawo ndi mbola, koma kung'amba. Ziphuphu zazing'ono nthawi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito poizoni.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Emperor scorporp ndi malonda otchuka chifukwa ndi amanyazi kwambiri ndipo ali ndi poizoni wofatsa. Anthu amtundu uwu amatumizidwa kuchokera ku Ghana ndi Togo. Ziwombankhanga za Emperor nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa m'mafilimu, ndipo mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino amakopa chidwi cha omvera.
Ululu wa Emperor scorpion umagwira ma peptides.
Chinthu chotchedwa scorpine chinasiyanitsidwa ndi poizoni wa chinkhanira chamfumu. Ili ndi zotsutsana ndi malungo komanso ma antibacterial.
Kuluma kwa chinkhanira chachifumu, monga lamulo, sikupha, koma zopweteka, komanso zipsinjo za pedipalp ndizosasangalatsa ndipo zimasiya zidziwitso. Zowawa pamalo omwe pali kumeza poyizoni ndizofooka, kuwonekera kumawoneka, kuwunikira pang'ono khungu. Anthu omwe amadwala chifuwa chachikulu amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa za poyizoni.
Kuteteza kwa chinkhanira chamfumu.
Scorpion yachifumu ili pamndandanda wa CITES, Zowonjezera II. Kutumiza kwa mitundu ya mitunduyi kunja kwa nkhalangoyi kumakhala kochepa, motero kupewa kuopseza kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'malo okhala. Ziwombankhanga za Emperor sizimangogulitsidwa pamagulu azokha, koma zimasonkhanitsidwa pakafukufuku wasayansi.
Kusunga chinkhanira chachifumu mu ukapolo.
Ziwombankhanga za Emperor zimasungidwa m'malo akulu opanda ufulu. Chosakanizika ndi dothi (mchenga, peat, dothi lamasamba), chothiridwa mu gawo limodzi la masentimita 5 mpaka 6, ndi woyenera ngati gawo lapansi. Mtundu wankhanirawu umafuna kutentha kwa madigiri 23-25. Kuunikira kuli mdima. Ziwombankhanga za Emperor zimakhala zovuta kuumitsa, makamaka panthawi ya molt, choncho tsitsani pansi pa khola tsiku lililonse. Poterepa, madzi sayenera kugwera wokhalamo. Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, gawo lapansi limanyowetsedwa pafupipafupi. Chakudya chachikulu cha zinkhanira ndi mphemvu, crickets, wormworms. Ziphuphu zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa kawiri pa sabata, akulu - kamodzi. Ali mu ukapolo, zinkhanira zachifumu zitha kukhala zaka zopitilira 10.
