Galu wama Raccoon Ndi mtundu wa nyama zodya nyama zomwe kunja kwake zimafanana ndi ma raccoon. Mitundu iwiriyi ya nyama ilinso ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma imasiyana mosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe angapo. Akatswiri a zinyama amati mitundu iwiriyi ya nyama si achibale apafupi. Galu wa raccoon amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe kuposa ndi raccoon.
Nyama iyi ili ndi mayina ena ambiri kutengera dera lomwe amakhala - raccoon, Ussuri raccoon, mangut, tanuki, neoguri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Raccoon galu
Nyama ndi nthumwi ya zoletsa chordate. Zili m'manja mwa olanda nyama, banja la canine, logawanika pamitundu ndi mitundu ya banja la canine. Chiyambi chenicheni cha kusunthika kwa nyama sichinaphunzirebe bwinobwino. Mwachilengedwe, asayansi ya zoological amatcha dziko lakwawo la nyama kumayiko aku East Asia: Korea, Japan, China, zigawo zakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Indochina.
M'dera la Europe, nyamayo idayamba kuwonekera m'ma 50s m'zaka za zana la 19. Adabweretsedwa kudera la Europe kuchuluka kwa zikwi zingapo mwadala. Amaganiziridwa kuti nyengo yabwino kwambiri yakukhalapo, komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya, zimapangitsa ubweya wa nyamayo kukhala wabwino. Ku Europe, nyama zidasinthidwa mwachangu ndikuswana.
Kanema: Raccoon Galu
Pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, ziweto zidawoneka m'maiko ambiri aku Europe: Sweden, Estonia, Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, France, ku Crimea. M'madera a Russia, anthu adalembedwa mdera la Altai Territory, Novosibirsk, ndi dera la Irkutsk. Komabe, nyengo ndiyovuta kwambiri, ndipo chisanu choopsa sichimalola kuti nyama zizikhalamo. Pambuyo pake, nyamazo zinasankha madera okhala ndi nyengo yabwino, yotentha ngati malo awo.
Mpaka pano, asayansi sanakwanitsebe kuvomereza za chiyambi cha nyama zamtunduwu. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti galu wa raccoon ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, chifukwa chake, ali ndi abale wamba. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mangut ndi raccoon anali ndi makolo akale kalekale.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Galu wamtundu wanyama
Kunja, galu wa raccoon amafanana kwambiri ndi raccoon. Ndi kanyama kakang'ono. Makulidwe amthupi samapitilira kukula kwa galu wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 65-85. Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira wautali m'malo mwake. Kutalika kwake ndi 15-30 sentimita. Kulemera kwa thupi - 5-10 kilogalamu. M'nthawi yotentha, nyama, zimakonda kuonda, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, m'malo mwake, amadzipezera mafuta momwe angathere m'nyengo yozizira ndipo amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira.
Ma raccoons a Ussuri ali ndi thupi laling'ono komanso miyendo yayifupi kwambiri. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo ili ndi zala zinayi. Zala zili ndi zikhadabo zazitali. Chifukwa cha zikoko zazifupi, thupi limawoneka lolimba, komanso lokhazikika.
Mphuno ya nyama imakulitsidwa pang'ono. Maonekedwe ndi mtundu, galu amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, kuchokera kutali ndizosiyanitsa. Mphuno imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphuno yayitali, yolunjika. Mphuno imakhala ndi mizere ingapo ya ndevu zazitali. Mutu wokutidwa ndi ubweya wautali. Chosiyanitsa ndi kupezeka kwa ndevu zamatabwa zotsekemera komanso "magalasi" achilendo, omwe ndi mikwingwirima ya ubweya wakuda kuzungulira maso. Izi zimalola kuti nyamayo isazindikiridwe pakati pazomera zamnkhalango.
Maso a galu wa raccoon ndi ozungulira, okhazikika. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda kapena zakuda. Pamutu pake pali makutu ang'onoang'ono, amakona atatu, otuluka. Tsitsi lanyama ndi lalitali, lakuda, lolimba pang'ono. Chovalacho ndi chofiirira kapena chakuda. Pali mikwingwirima pankhope yomwe imawoneka ngati raccoon. Mchira, m'malo mwake, ulibe mikwingwirima.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Mwachilengedwe, anthu ofiira nthawi zambiri amapezeka, omwe kunja kwawo amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, komanso agalu achialubino owala, pafupifupi oyera.
M'mimba, malaya ndi opepuka kuposa ziwalo zina za thupi. Pali mzere wakuda mdera la msana. Agalu amphaka molt kawiri pachaka. M'dzinja, nyama zimasungunuka, kuyambira mchira mpaka kumutu. Mu kasupe, m'malo mwake, kuyambira pamutu mpaka mchira.
Kodi galu wa raccoon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Galu wa Raccoon ku Russia
Woimira banja la canine amakhala mdera lamapiri komanso nkhalango zamapiri. Amakonda kukhazikika m'zigwa ndi malo osungira madzi, komwe kuli mabango, mabango, kapena zomera zina pagombe. Pakati pa nkhalango, mitundu yazomera ya coniferous kapena yamtunda imakonda. Mbali yofunikira ndi nyengo. Nyama sizizika mizu kumadera otentha kwambiri.
Kutentha kwapakati pachaka sikuyenera kutsika pansi pa zero. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa nthawi yachisanu sikuposa 700-800 mm. Agalu amisala amakhala m'dera lalikulu. Chofunikira china pakudziwitsa malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa gwero la chakudya.
Geographic madera a Ussuri raccoons:
- Russia;
- Sweden;
- Poland;
- Romania;
- Estonia;
- France;
- Latvia.
Poyamba, nyamazo zinkakhala m'chigawo cha Amur, kumpoto kwa China, m'chigwa cha Ussuri River, ku Korea Peninsula, kuzilumba za Hokaido ndi Handyu. M'zaka za m'ma 30 mpaka 40 za m'ma 1900, makampani opanga ubweya adayamba kukhala pagulu la USSR. Pachifukwa ichi, minda ya ziweto idapangidwa m'malo ambiri ku Russia, pomwe nyama zimafufuzidwa kuti zipeze ubweya wofunika. Munali munthawi imeneyi pomwe agalu amtundu wa raccoon amatumizidwa mwamphamvu kumayiko aku Europe. Zimafalikira mwachangu m'maiko ambiri.
M'mayiko aku Scandinavia, raccoon amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda owopsa. Pamenepo, njira zimapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse zovuta zakuthambo. M'madera akumpoto kwa Russia, nyama sizinathe kuzika mizu chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta. Komabe, anthu akuchulukirachulukira kumadera aku Europe mdziko muno.
Kodi galu wa raccoon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chinyama cha galu wa Raccoon
Agalu amphaka ndi nyama zolusa ndipo chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi chakudya cha nyama. Ma raccoons a Ussuri nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhutira komanso ovuta kwambiri. Kumbuyo kwawo palinso chizolowezi cha zizolowezi zolusa. Nyama zimawerengedwa ngati nyama zopatsa chidwi.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pakudya kwa nyama:
- Makoswe ang'onoang'ono - ma gerbils, mbewa, ma voles;
- Nsomba;
- Mbalame - grouse yamatabwa, grouse yakuda, zopangira matabwa, ndi zina zotero;
- Mazira a mbalame;
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Tizilombo - kachilomboka, okonda madzi, osambira;
- Zipatso, zipatso;
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera;
- Amphibians ndi mwayi wa chule.
Agalu amphaka amatha kugwira nsomba zazikulu, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika pafupi ndi gombe kapena mumadzi owuma.
Ngati chakudya chanyama sichipezeka, mainawa amatha kuthana ndi njala zosiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kukhala mababu, zipatso, mizu, mbewu. Amadya ndi oats osangalatsa, mtedza, zipatso, mavwende. Kusankhidwa kwa chakudya kumadalira nyengo. Chilichonse chomwe chitha kudyedwa nthawi inayake pachaka, nyama zimadya mosangalala.
Agalu amisala amakhala ndi matumbo ataliatali, mayini osatukuka komanso ma molars osalala.
Nyama zimatha kusintha malo awo okhala, zimayenda makilomita angapo pofunafuna chakudya. Pakalibe chakudya, samanyoza zinyalala zakufa ndi zovunda, komanso nsomba zowola. Masika, ma raccoon amasaka zisa za mbalame ndikudya mazira awo ambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, amafunikira chakudya chochuluka kwambiri kuti asunge mafuta okwanira nthawi yachisanu. Ngakhale nyama imatha kudya chilichonse, theka la chakudyacho liyenera kukhala chakudya chanyama.
Pofunafuna chakudya, ma raccoon amayang'anitsitsa gawolo, akuyang'ana pansi pa tchire, nkhuni, hemp, komanso nkhalango zowirira. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chikamagwa, ma raccoon a Ussuri amaimitsa maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Miyendo yawo yaying'ono, yayifupi imagwa chifukwa cha chipale chofewa, kuwalepheretsa kuyenda mtunda wautali.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Galu wa Raccoon Russia
Nyama imakhala moyo wokhazikika, posankha dera linalake. Nthawi zambiri, malo atsamba kuti munthu m'modzi azikhala ndi 7-11 ma kilomita. Chinyama chimachisiya kokha ngati malowa atasefukira chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa kasupe, kapena ngati sizingatheke kupeza chakudya chokwanira. Nthawi zina madera amaphatikizana. Komabe, poyesera kuteteza gawo lawo, nyama sizisonyeza kupsa mtima.
Zochita ndi moyo wa nkhandwe zimatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kwa adani mdera lomwe lapatsidwa, komanso nyengo. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala atagona usiku. Masana imabisala m'mayenje, usiku imasaka kapena kusaka chakudya. Masana, amachita mwakhama kokha panthawi yaukwati. Ngati kwa nthawi yayitali nyamayo sazindikira anthu omwe ali pafupi kapena adani awo olusa, imatha kulimba mtima ndikuchita zinthu ngakhale masana.
Nthawi zambiri imayenda ndimayendedwe olumpha, nthawi zina amasandulika trot. Vuto likayandikira, nyamazi imatha kuthamanga, koma siyitha kuthamanga kwambiri. Madambo okhala ndi chithaphwi, komanso mchenga, matalala akuya ndi vuto lalikulu komanso cholepheretsa nyama kuthana nacho. Ndi dziwe lokha lomwe limathandiza kuthawa kuzunzidwa m'malo otere. Ussuri raccoon ndi wosambira wabwino kwambiri.
Amakhala makamaka m'manda. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma burrow ena a nyama zina. Miyala m'miyala, mitengo, ndi zipilala zadothi lonyowa zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nyumba. Milu ya masamba, udzu kapena udzu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pogona posakhalitsa. Pakhoza kukhala nyumba zingapo zakanthawi. Pokhazikika, komanso koposa zonse, nyumba zimakhala ngati pogona m'nyengo yozizira, malo oti amizidwe m'madzi ozizira, komanso kubadwa kwa ana. Maubwenzi osiyanasiyana amayamba pakati pa amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya maubale pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha:
- Kupanga banja kwa nthawi yokwatirana yobereka ndikulera ana;
- Mkazi ndi mwamuna samasiyana kwa chaka chimodzi;
- Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ogwirizana kwa moyo wawo wonse;
- Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa ubale, kwa nthawi yayitali, nyama zimasaka ndikuyesera kudziteteza kwa adani limodzi.
Chodabwitsa, ma raccoon a Ussuri ndi okhawo m'banja la canine lomwe limabisala. Khalidwe ili limawathandiza kupirira mosavuta chisanu ndi kuzizira kwachisanu. Imayamba pakati, kapena kumapeto kwa Okutobala, koyambirira kwa Novembala ndikutha mu Marichi.
Nyama zomwe sizinathe kulemera mokwanira sizimagonera, komanso okhala kumadera omwe nyengo yachisanu imakhala yotentha komanso yopanda chipale chofewa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Galu wama raccoon
Nthawi yoyambira maukwati imadalira nyengo yomwe dera limakhalamo nyama. Nthawi zambiri imayamba koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo. Pakayamba nyengo yozizira kapena chisanu, imasamutsidwa nthawi ina kutentha kusanachitike. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zodya ubweya zimakhala ndi amuna okhaokha. Maanja amapangidwa nthawi zambiri nthawi yophukira. Amuna nthawi zambiri amamenyera ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Akamabereka ali mu ukapolo, amawonetsa mkazi mmodzi, ndipo mwamuna m'modzi amatha kulowa m'banja ndi akazi angapo nthawi imodzi.
Kutentha kwachikazi kumatenga masiku angapo mpaka sabata. Njira yokwatirana imachitika nthawi zambiri nthawi yakuda yamasana. Pakatha masiku 5-7 atatha nyengo yokwanira, akazi amayambiranso estrus. Nthawi ya bere imatha miyezi 2-2.5. Mkazi mmodzi amatha kubereka ana 5 mpaka 15. Chiwerengero cha anawo chimadziwika ndi malo osungira amayi. Kudyetsa, kuteteza ndi kulera ana ndi ntchito yothandizana ndi makolo, ndipo amachita chimodzimodzi. Mbewuyo imabadwa nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Ana amabadwa akhungu. Thupi lawo limakhala lokutira, lofewa komanso lakuda. Kulemera kwa mwana wagalu ndi magalamu 50-100. Pakubadwa, ana agalu amakula pang'ono. Maso amatseguka patatha masiku 7-10, ndipo pambuyo pa 2-3 mano amatuluka. Anawo amadya mkaka wa mayi mpaka miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri. Kuyambira milungu itatu mpaka inayi yakubadwa, amayamba kudya tizilombo, mphutsi, achule ndi makoswe, zomwe makolo amawadya. Amakula ndikukula mofulumira.
Amakula mpaka miyezi 10-11. Kutalika kwa moyo m'zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zaka 4-6, mu ukapolo pafupifupi kawiri.
Adani achilengedwe agalu amisala
Chithunzi: Chinyama cha galu wa Raccoon
Mukakhala m'malo achilengedwe, galu wa raccoon amakhala ndi adani angapo. Amatha kuukiridwa ndi mimbulu, yomwe imawonedwa ngati adani akulu a raccoon. Kuphatikiza apo, nthiti, agalu olusa kapena osochera, ndi nkhandwe zazikulu zimaopseza kuchuluka kwa nyama.
Choopseza chachikulu kwa nyama ndi anthu. Amapha nyamazi mochuluka chifukwa cha ubweya wake wamtengo wapatali. Ubweya ndi wolimba kwambiri, komanso wotsika kwambiri. Kusaka nyama nthawi zambiri kumachitika usiku, kapena nthawi yozizira, kutsatira njira mu chisanu. Nthawi zambiri kusaka kumaphatikizapo agalu, omwe sakhala ovuta kupeza malo okhala ndi kanyama kena.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Galu wa Raccoon
Galu wa raccoon amadziwika kuti ndi nyama wamba, yomwe masiku ano sichiwopsezedwa kuti ithe.
Komabe, m'maiko ena, nyama zikuwonongedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali kapena kuwonongeka kwawo. Zowonongera ubweya zimagwidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Matenda amafalikira makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Nyama zimadwala tiziromboti, piroplasmosis, chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a canine, chiwewe.
Ussuri raccoon ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri. Pakadali pano, palibe chomwe chimamuwopseza. Galu wama Raccoon Nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa ndi anthu, nthawi zina amatha kuphunzitsidwa. Kukhala mu ukapolo mosamala bwino komanso kudya zakudya zokwanira kumatha kukhala zaka 15.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 02.03.2019
Tsiku losintha: 15.09.2019 nthawi ya 19:04
