Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kwa anthu, cholengedwa chaching'onochi sichowopsa kwenikweni, ndipo poyerekeza ndi iwo chimangowerengera komanso kukhala mwamtendere. Chifukwa chake, mutha kumugwira mosavuta ndikumuuza za ziyembekezo zanu ndi zokhumba zanu.
Ndipo makolo athu amakhulupirira kuti, pambuyo powamvera, imawulukira Kumwamba, komwe imawawuza abwana ake za chilichonse, kupereka zopempha ndi mauthenga onse aumunthu.
Zikuwoneka kuti mtundu wowoneka bwino wa kachilomboka kuyambira nthawi zakale unkakumbutsa anthu aku Russia za nyama zabwino zoweta, zomwe mkaka wawo nthawi zonse unali wathanzi komanso wokoma. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake cholengedwa chotchedwa - ladybug... Mwa njira, imathanso kupanga mkaka, ngakhale siyikhala yathanzi komanso yoyera kwambiri. Koma zambiri pambuyo pake.
Banja la oimira ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi nyama timakhala ndi dzina lomwelo ndipo amadziwika ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo monga coleoptera. Kukula kwa mamembala ake kumasiyanasiyana ndi 4 mm, kufikira kukula kwa sentimita.
Mawonekedwe anyama zotere akawonedwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi owulungika, koma amatambasula pang'ono pokha, ofotokozedwa ndi mizere yosalala, pafupifupi mozungulira. Kuchokera m'mbali mwake mumakhala chosanjikiza, kuchokera pansi pake pali lathyathyathya, pamiyendo isanu ndi umodzi yopyapyala, yopangidwa ndi zigawo. Thupi la mitundu ina limakutidwa ndi tsitsi losaoneka bwino.
Ma ladybug ali ndi mutu waufupi kwambiri. Amamangirira mopanda kuyenda kudera lina - prothorax. Gawo lalikulu la thupi ligawika magawo atatu: elytra yokhala ndi mapiko okutidwa pansi pawo; awiri enawo ndi mimba, yopangidwa kuchokera m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi, ndi tarsi.
Maso a zamoyozi ndi aakulu mokwanira. Ndipo tinyanga, monganso mbali zina zambiri za thupi la tizilombo timeneti, zomangidwa kuchokera m'magawo angapo, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu.
Kachilomboka kapena tizilombo? Itha kulingaliridwa moyenera kwa iwo komanso kwa ena. Ndipo izi ndi zachilengedwe, chifukwa kafadala (coleoptera) ndiwo dongosolo lodziwika bwino kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama, yotchedwa tizilombo.
Kupatula madera ozizira kwambiri apadziko lapansi, oimira nyama awa amakhala kulikonse, ndiye kuti, mamembala amtunduwu amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi lathuli.
Mitundu
M'banja la ma ladybird a m'badwo umodzi wokha, pali pafupifupi 360. Koma mitundu yomwe ili momwemo, monga mungaganizire, ndi yochulukirapo, yoposa 4000. Mamembala awo onse m'chilengedwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yowala. Ndipo izi sizangochitika mwangozi, chifukwa chovala chotere chinaperekedwa kwa tizilombo mwachilengedwe kuti tiziwopseza omwe angakhale opanda chiyembekezo.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma ladybugs
Zowona, kutengera mtundu, zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yachilendo yachilengedwe ya zolengedwa izi ili yodzaza ndi bulauni komanso mdima wamtambo wamtambo ndikuwonjezera koyera, kofiira, kachikaso, kwakuda. Koma ambiri odziwika kwa ife akadali olemera achikasu, ndipo nthawi zambiri ngakhale tizilombo tofiira kwambiri ndi mawanga akuda, mbali yakuda yakutsogolo ndi miyendo.
Chosiyana ndi chovala cha mitundu yambiri ya madona ndi madontho (mawanga). Pakhoza kukhala kuyambira awiri mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri, nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo, zidutswa. Banja la ladybug limagawika m'mabanja 7. Ndipo zosangalatsa kwambiri za mitundu ndi zina zowonjezera zidzatchulidwa pansipa.
- Chinsabwe chachisanu ndi chiwiri - mitundu yofala kwambiri mdera la Europe. Kukula kwa oimira ake nthawi zambiri kumakhala osapitilira 8 mm. Chovala chake chofiira, monga dzina limanenera, amadziwika ndi madontho asanu ndi awiri akuda.
Ma elytra ake amakongoletsedwa ndi zolemba zazikulu zitatu zakuda ndipo imodzi imawonekera kutsogolo kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, m'munsi mwa zolengedwazi muli timadontho tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, zoyera.
Chinsabwe chachisanu ndi chiwiri
- Awiri-ladybug... Kutalika kwa kanyama kameneka ndi theka la sentimita yokha. Tizilombo tomwe timakhala sikuti ku Ulaya kokha, komanso ku North America.
Ku Latvia, mamembala amtunduwu akhala akudziwika kuti ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kwazaka pafupifupi makumi atatu. Mitundu yawo ili ndi ofiira akuda ndi akuda.
- Asia ladybug... Ndichizolowezi kugawa mtundu uwu m'magulu awiri, omwe ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo ndi utoto chabe. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wakuda wokhala ndi zolemba zofiira lalanje pa elytra komanso wachikasu kutsogolo.
Pali mawanga 19 athunthu. Wina ali ndi maziko achikasu, okongoletsedwa ndi timadontho tating'ono ndi tambiri takuda.
- Ng'ombe yosintha... Mtundu wa membala wocheperako m'banjamo uli ndi malo ofiira achikaso ndi akuda. Mawanga asanu akuda okongoletsa elytra ndiosiyanasiyana.
Ena mwa iwo atha kuphatikizika kapena kusapezeka. Ng'ombe zoterezi zimakhala ku Europe, ndipo kwakanthawi akhala akupita nazo ku America.
- Dona ladybug wopanda tanthauzo ndi chitsimikizo chotsimikizika kuti si mitundu yonse ya tizilombo tomwe tafotokozazi ili ndi mawanga. Zowona, izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Chovala chake chimatha kukhala chofiirira kapena chofiira. Ma villi owonda komanso abwino amaphimba matupi a ng'ombe zotere.
- Ladybug wabuluu... Mitunduyi ilidi ndi mthunzi wachilendo wa elytra. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe kutalika kwake sikumapitilira 4 mm, kumapezeka ku kontinenti ya Australia.
Ladybug wabuluu ndikosowa kwambiri
Pachithunzicho ndi kachilombo kokhala ndi khungu
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Zachidziwikire, zolengedwa izi zimatha kuwuluka, izi zimanenedwa m'mawu akuwerengera a ana. Ndipo ali ndi mapiko awiri. Zowona, zakumbuyo kokha ndizomwe zimasinthidwa kuti ziziyenda mlengalenga, ndipo zapambuyo pakusintha zidasanduka elytra yolimba yoteteza.
Chilengedwe chimatetezera izi molondola ku zovuta za osafunafuna tizilombo. ladybug chowala kwambiri kotero kuti chitha kuwopseza adani. Koma apa sizowonekera kwambiri zokha zomwe zimagwira ntchito.
Madzi apadera achilengedwe otulutsidwa ndi tizilombo poyembekezera zoopsa amakhala chitetezo chabwino kwa omwe angatigwere. Ndichizolowezi chomutcha mkaka wa ng'ombe.
Zikakhala zoopsa, ladybug amatulutsa madzi ena ake
Ili ndi fungo losasangalatsa, ili ndi poyizoni, ili ndi chikasu chachikasu, ndipo imakhala ndi cantharidin. Mkaka wotere umawopseza nyama zonse zobisika, ngakhale ma tarantula owopsa. Ndipo pafupifupi palibe aliyense m'chilengedwe amene angayerekeze kugwira kachilombo kenakake kosavulaza.
Komabe, palinso tizilombo tina tomwe timatha kutetezedwa. Awa ndi ma dinocampus. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amapha ng'ombe ndi zilonda zawo, ndikuika mazira awo pamenepo, omwe amawawononga pakukula.
Malo okhala ma ladybird amadalira mitundu yawo. Ena a iwo adasinthidwa mwangwiro kuti azikhala m'mapiri pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje; zina zimangokhalapo m'mitengo. Pali mitundu yodziwika yomwe imakhala mitundu yokhayo yazomera, mwachitsanzo, zomera zam'madzi, mabango, ma sedges, udzu wam'munda; ena amasaka nsabwe chifukwa amazidya.
Komabe, ma ladybugs amtundu uliwonse samakhala ochezeka ndipo amakonda, makamaka, kukhala kosiyana ndi abale awo. Koma nthawi zina, amaphwanya lamuloli. Mwachitsanzo, munyengo yoswana kapena pamene amasonkhana kuti akwere ndege yozizira mdera lomwe kulibe kuzizira.
Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma ladybug imatha nyengo yozizira m'njira yawoyawo. Anthu omwe adasinthidwa kukhala moyo m'malo otentha ndipo amakhala pansi nthawi zambiri amasankha malo ogona bwino kuchokera kumphepo ndi chisanu: masitepe, magalasi, masheya, nyumba.
Nthawi zina, pofunafuna malo othawirako, amalumikizana m'magulu, ngakhale m'magulu akulu, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukwaniritsidwa makumi khumi. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kubisala m'mulu wa masamba, makungwa, ndi zinyalala zamiyala.
Zakudya zabwino
Zolengedwa izi, zamtendere kwa anthu, ndizowopsa kuzinthu zamoyo zazikulu ndi mtundu wawo ndipo ndizilombo zolusa. Koma ngakhale ndi chidwi chawo chodyera, amabweretsa phindu kwa munthu. Kupatula apo, omwe amadya amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi majeremusi.
Kodi ladybugs amadya chiyani? Amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba (munthu wamkulu amatha kudya pafupifupi zana patsiku), amadya tizilombo tina, mazira awo, komanso mbozi, zilonda zam'mimba komanso agulugufe.
Chifukwa chake, kuti apulumutse minda, mbalame zazikazi zimapangidwa mwadala ndikuponyedwa ndege zambiri. Ngati alibe chakudya chokwanira, amasangalala kudziponyera m'mazira a tizilombo todziwika bwino ta mbatata - kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata.
Koma pali mitundu ya tizilombo tomwe timadyera zakudya zokhazokha: maluwa, masamba, mungu, nthawi zina - zipatso za zomera, bowa. Chifukwa chake nthawi zina amakhala vuto lalikulu, kuwononga minda ndi mbewu zomwe zikumera.
Komabe, mitundu yotere imapezeka kwambiri kumwera kwa Asia. Ku Russia, zilipo (mwachitsanzo, nyemba ndi ziphuphu zopanda banga), koma ndizochepa.
Ena amati tizilombo timeneti ndi kachilombo, chifukwa amangosokonezeka ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, pali tizilombo, ladybug... Ichi ndi epilahna. Amadya nsonga za mbatata, amavulaza tomato, maungu, chimanga, nkhaka.
Pali tizirombo tofananira ndi ladybug, epilyakhny
Amatchedwanso mayi wa mbatata. Zimasiyana ndi tizilombo tofotokozedwako chifukwa chakuda kwa mitundu ya chovalacho, kuchuluka kwa mawanga (alipo 28), ndipo mukamayang'anitsitsa, mutha kuwona tsitsi loyera mthupi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Tizilombo timeneti tikangotha kuchoka kuzipotokota m'nyengo yozizira, kuwuluka kapena kubisala, chibadwa chimayamba kuwakakamiza kuti abereke mtundu wawo. Ndipo amapitilira njirayi penapake pakati pa masika.
Zitsanzo zopangidwa (nthawi zambiri anthu osachepera miyezi itatu kapena theka la chaka) akukonzekera kukwatira. Amuna, akumvera dongosolo lachilengedwe, amadzipezera okha zibwenzi ndi fungo lawo lapadera. Zimachokera kuzinsinsi zachikazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, zazikazi zimadziphatikiza zokha, zocheperako kumapeto ndi mawonekedwe owulungika, mazira kumasamba azomera kumbuyo. Ma ladybugs amasankha dala malo omwe akukonzekera chakudya chokwanira kwa ana amtsogolo, makamaka m'malo opezeka tizilombo tambiri, mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mazira a ng'ombe ndi oyera, lalanje kapena achikasu, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira zidutswa mazana anayi mu gulu limodzi.
Pakhoza kukhala mazira mazana angapo mu clutch ladybug.
Zachisoni, atagwira ntchito yake, mkazi amafa. Koma moyo umapitilira, chifukwa posachedwa (pasanathe milungu iwiri) mphutsi zooneka bwino kapena zowulungika zimaswa m'mazira.
Mtundu wawo umasiyanasiyana ndipo ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi malo akuda, oyera, koma madera ambiri a lalanje ndi achikaso. Ndipo mu mitundu ina ya ng'ombe, mphutsi zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wabwino kapena ziphuphu.
Poyamba, kwa moyo wonse, ndizokwanira zokwanira m'zakudya zomwe mumakhala chipolopolo cha dzira lawo. Koma patadutsa masiku ochepa, ladybug wamtsogolo akuyamba kupha tizirombo. Mphutsi imodzi imatha kumeza nsabwe za m'masamba makumi asanu patsiku.
Mphutsi ya ladybug imadyetsanso nsabwe za m'masamba
Ndipo gulu la iwo mwachangu limathana ndi zigawo zonse. Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri pambuyo pakakhuta ndikukula, kenako gawo lina limayamba - pupation.
Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe ziwalo zonse za thupi la ng'ombe wamkulu zimapangidwa. Amatuluka mu chibayo pafupifupi sabata kapena masiku khumi. Nthawi ya ladybug ndiyachidule kwambiri. Itha kukhala miyezi 10 yokha, koma ngati munthuyo sakusowa chakudya, nthawi zina amatha zaka ziwiri.
