Chikondi chodziwika bwino cha zimphona zazikuluzikuluzi chidayamba kuchepa pomwe kanema "Beethoven" adasowa pazowonetsa zaku Russia, dzina lake lotchuka linali St. Bernard.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Dziko lakwawo la galu wa St. Bernard (Chien du Saint-Bernard) limawerengedwa kuti ndi Alps aku Switzerland, komwe monk wachikatolika Bernard adamanga malo oti aziyenda. Makolo a St. Bernards nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti Great Danes aku Tibet, osakanikirana nthawi imodzi ndi ma mastiffs. A Great Danes adabweretsedwanso ku Europe (koyamba ku Ancient Greece, kenako ku Ancient Rome) ndi Alexander the Great.
Obereketsa oyamba a St. Bernards anali amonke omwe amaweta agalu m'nyumba ya amonke. Yotsirizira (chifukwa cha khungu lawo wandiweyani ndi ubweya) sanali kuopa chimfine ndipo anapatsidwa fungo lakuthwa, amene anathandiza kuti msanga kupeza munthu pansi pa chisanu ndipo ngakhale kulosera chigumula pafupi. Makulidwewo adasandutsa galu kukhala malo otenthetsera - adagona pafupi ndi mwatsoka, ndikumamuwotha mpaka opulumutsawo atafika.
St. Bernards adayamba kupulumutsa apaulendo kuchokera kumazira achisanu kuyambira pafupifupi zaka za zana la 17, ndikuwongolera ntchito ya amonke omwe amayenera kusiya nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo awo kukafunafuna ndi kukumba apaulendo opanda mwayi. Pogona pamakhala paphompho, pomwe thanthwe nthawi zambiri limaphwanyika ndipo zigumukire zimatsika, kotero a St. Bernards anali ndi ntchito yambiri. Ntchitoyi inkaphatikizapo kuperekera zakudya, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Tsoka, kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazo, agalu ambiri obisala adamwalira ndi matenda osadziwika. Kubwezeretsa ziweto, amonkewo adadutsa oyimira otsalawo ndi Newfoundlands, koma kuyesaku kudalephera.
Ana agalu, owoneka owoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa anzawo omwe ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi, atayika kwathunthu pantchito zawo: chipale chofewa chimamatira tsitsi lawo lalitali, malaya adanyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi ayezi. Zowona, shaggy St. Bernards idabwera moyenera pansipa, pomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito yolondera, ndipo ochepera tsitsi amakhalabe pamapanjira a mapiri.
Mu 1884, kalabu ya mafani amtunduwu idakhazikitsidwa ndi likulu ku Basel (Switzerland), ndipo patatha zaka zitatu a St. Bernards adapeza miyezo yawo ndipo adawonekera m'kaundula wa mitundu.
Ku Soviet Union, agalu a St. Bernard adawonedwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikuru Yadziko Lonse, pomwe opanga angapo omwe adasankhidwa adabwera kuno kuchokera ku Germany. Poyamba, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito magazi owonjezera powoloka, atalandira, mwachitsanzo, wolondera ku Moscow. Kutsitsimutsidwa kwa mtunduwu ku Russian Federation kudayamba ndikupanga National Club of Saint Bernard mafani (1996), omwe amalumikizana ndi malo odyetsera ana ndi magulu azigawo. Ndiwo omwe adatenga chitukuko / kusintha kwa mtunduwo, nthawi yomweyo ndikubwezeretsa kuulemerero wake wakale.
Kufotokozera kwa St. Bernard
Masiku ano, mitundu iwiri ya St. Bernards imadziwika - yaifupi komanso yautali. Zonsezi ndizokulirapo komanso zazikulu kukula, ali ndi thupi lokhazikika pansi komanso mutu wokongola.
Maonekedwe
St. Bernard amafunika kuti akhalebe ndi thupi logwirizana komanso kutalika ndi kulemera (osachepera 70 kg). Kukula kwa galu, kumakulirakulira: zazikazi ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa masentimita 65-80, ndipo amuna pakati pa masentimita 70 ndi 90. Komabe, nyama zomwe zimapitilira mafelemu oyenera sizilangidwa pazowonetsa ngati zili ndi muyeso woyenera komanso mayendedwe ake ...
Miyezo ya ziweto
FCI idavomereza muyezo # 61 mu Januware 2004.
Mutu
Mutu wofotokozera, womwe mphumi yake imalumikizana mwadzidzidzi mkamwa mwawo, ndi wopitilira 1/3 wamtali pakufota. Anapanga ma arc a superciliary and occiput ochepa. Khungu pamphumi limapanga makola pang'ono pamwamba pamaso, omwe amawonekera kwambiri ndikadzutsa.
Makutu ake ndi apakatikati kukula ndipo amakhala otambalala komanso okwera. Pamphuno yayifupi, yotakata yosafikira kumapeto kwa mphuno, masaya mosalala, mwamphamvu. Woyendetsa modekha milomo yakuda, ngodya ya pakamwa imawonekera nthawi zonse.
Zofunika. Maso, omwe zivindikiro zawo ndi zotseka kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olandila ndipo amakhala ozama pang'ono. Mtundu wa iris umasiyana kuchokera bulauni yakuya mpaka nutty. Mapazi odziwika bwino, mphuno zazikulu, mphuno yakuda yakuda.
Nsagwada zopangidwa bwino zotalika mofanana zimakhala ndi mano athunthu. Akatseka, amapanga kuluma kapena lumo. Khosi lalitali lamphamvu limakwaniritsidwa ndi mame pang'ono.
Nyumba
Kutalika kwa St. Bernard pakufota kuyenera kukhala kokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lake (kuyambira paphewa paphewa mpaka patako) monga 9 mpaka 10. Thupi limasiyanitsidwa ndi mulingo woyenera, minofu ndi thunthu.
Omwe amatchulidwa amafota ndikuphatikizira kumbuyo kwamphamvu, kwamphamvu, komwe kumayenderera molunjika m'chiuno. Mimba yadzaza, nthiti yake yokhala ndi nthiti zokhota kwambiri ndizakuya pang'ono, koma yopanda mbiya. Croup yolumikizidwa (kutsetsereka pang'ono) imayenda bwino pansi pamchira wolemera.
Mtsinje womaliza wa mchira wautali ukhoza kufika pa hock. St. Bernard ikakhala bata, mchira wake umapachikika kapena suweramira mmwamba (kumapeto kwachitatu), koma imakwera ikakhala yosangalala.
Miyendo yakutsogolo yokhala ndi zigongono zokhala ndi mipando yakukhazikika imawonekera ponseponse ndipo imawonekera kutsogolo ikuwoneka yofanana. Phazi lakumbuyo lonse limathera kumapazi omata bwino komanso otseka bwino. Kumbuyo koyandikana, kokhazikitsidwa pang'ono, kumakhala ndi ntchafu zokulirapo, zaminyewa. Mapazi amakhalanso ndi zala zakuthwa zolimba, pomwe zolembera zam'madzi zimaloledwa bola ngati sizilepheretsa kuyenda.
Pothamanga, akumbuyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo imayenda m'mizere imodzi. Mwambiri, gulu logwirizana limadziwika, pomwe nsana sungataye kukhazikika ndikuyendetsa bwino kuchokera ku miyendo yakumbuyo.
Mtundu ndi malaya
Mtundu wa St. Bernards wowoneka bwino, pamakhala mtundu woyera, wosungunuka ndi malo ofiira (amitundu yosiyanasiyana), komanso utoto wa agalu amvula - utoto wofiyira wolimba womwe umadzaza kumbuyo ndi m'mbali za agalu. Mitundu yonseyi imaloledwa ndi muyezo, bola utoto wake ukakhala wowala mpaka utoto wofiyira. Kupezeka kwa wakuda pamlanduwo ndikotheka. Chofunika:
- mdima wakuda kumutu;
- mdima kumaso;
- Yamuofesi.
Chisamaliro. Zowonjezera zimaphatikizira zolemba zoyera pamphumi, pafupi ndi mphuno, paphewa, pachifuwa, kunsonga kwa mchira ndi pamiyendo.
Agalu atsitsi lalifupi amasiyanitsidwa ndi malaya awo amfupi komanso wandiweyani, komanso atavala bwino, ophatikizidwa ndi malaya amkati ambiri. Tsitsi lakuthwa limakulanso kumchira, koma ntchafu zimakhala ndi malaya ofooka.
Mtundu wamtundu wautali (wokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi m'makutu / pakamwa) umawonetsa tsitsi lolunjika komanso lalitali ndi chovala chamkati. Pamphuno ndi ntchafu (ndi mathalauza), malaya amatha kukhala ofooka, pamapazi ake pali nthenga, ndipo mchira ulipo utali (poyerekeza ndi tsitsi lalifupi).
Khalidwe la galu
Malinga ndi mtunduwo, St. Bernards amatha kukhala odekha kapena osunthika, koma ochezeka nthawi zonse. Chikondi chawo chimafikira pafupifupi anthu onse ndi nyama, kupatula agalu ang'ono (osati nthawi zonse). Kukonda ana kumawonetsedwa pakusangalalira limodzi, pomwe ziweto siziyang'anitsitsa kutsekereza kwambiri ndi khate lachibwana. Sizachabe kuti oimira mtunduwo amawerengedwa kuti ndi amisili abwino kwambiri.
Muunyamata wawo, St. Bernards amakhala okangalika komanso othamangitsana, momwe angathere ndi kukula kwawo, ndipo chifukwa cha kutengeka kwakukulu nthawi zambiri amagogoda anthu.
Ndi ukalamba, agalu amawoneka bwino ndipo amayamba kulingalira kwambiri zakusintha kwa moyo, atagona pa rug kapena sofa. Pakadali pano, galuyo sagona kwambiri, koma akuwonera ena. Kwa zaka zambiri, chizolowezi chosachita masewera olimbitsa thupi chimakhala chocheperako, ndikupangitsa kukhala osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wa galu.
Ndizosatheka kukhumudwitsa St. Bernard weniweni. Ndi wosagwedezeka ngati thanthwe, lomwe silimulepheretse kudzudzula mwamphamvu anthu omwe alowerera m'banja la mbuye wake. Alendo amathandizidwa mofanana kapena mwachisoni, kusiya amphaka pabwalo adakumana akuyenda popanda chidwi.
Utali wamoyo
St. Bernards, monga agalu akulu kwambiri, samakhala motalika kwambiri, pasanathe zaka 8-10.
Zolemba za Saint Bernard
Ma Shaggy mastodon amakwanira bwino m'nyumba zanyumba, koma ndibwino kuti azisunga kunja kwa mzindawo. St. Bernard samalangizidwa kuti amangidwe, koma uwu si lamulo lovuta komanso lachangu. Kuyenda kwakanthawi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amalimbikitsidwa kwa agalu aulesiwa. Masewera akunja othamanga ndiabwino muubwana ndiunyamata: muuchikulire, kuyeza koyenda ndikwanira.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Vuto lalikulu kwambiri, makamaka kwa oweta agalu osadziwa zambiri, ndi kukhathamira kwa St. Bernards, komwe kumawonjezera kutentha.
Ubweya
Ziweto zimakhetsedwa kawiri pachaka: tsitsi likakhala lalitali, kulira kumalimbitsa. Ngati galu amakhala pabwalo, malaya ake amasintha kwambiri. Agalu akumatauni okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, molting sagwira ntchito kwambiri, koma amafunikanso kupesa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chisa chachikulu. Tsitsi lalifupi la St. Bernards limasakanizidwa nthawi zambiri mukamapangika molimba, nthawi zambiri kawiri pa sabata.
Kusamba
Ngati galu satenga nawo mbali pazowonetserako, zimatsukidwa kawirikawiri (kamodzi pa kotala), monga lamulo, ikayamba kutulutsa: izi zimachotsa tsitsi lakufa ndi chovala chamkati. Onetsani nyama zimasambitsidwa zisanachitike ziwonetsero kuti ziwonetse muulemerero wawo wonse.
Pofuna kutsuka, kuwonjezera pa shampu yopanda mbali, mufunikira mankhwala ndi zonunkhira, zomwe zimathandiza kutsitsa ndikuthana ndi ubweya woyera. Mukasamba, ngalande zomvera za St. Bernards sizimalumikizidwa ndi thonje, chifukwa makutu awo amapachika. Pambuyo kutsuka komaliza, galuyo adakulungidwa mu thaulo lofunda kuti amalize kuwuma.
Maso
Amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika ndi chisamaliro chosamalitsa. St. Bernard ili ndi zikope zolemera zomwe siziteteza khungu ku fumbi ndi zinyalala. N'zosadabwitsa kuti diso la m'maso nthawi zambiri limakhala lotupa.
Zofunika. Maso sayenera kupukutidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje / thonje: izi zimachitika ndi nsalu yopyapyala kapena chopukutira chofewa choviikidwa mu tiyi wofunda kapena madzi owiritsa. Maso amafunika kutsukidwa tsiku lililonse.
Zolemba
Amayang'ana m'makutu a St. Bernard tsiku lililonse, akupaka zotupa ndi zilonda zomwe zimawonedwa pamenepo ndi mafuta a streptocide / zinc. Kutulutsa kwanthawi zonse kumachotsedwa ndi swab kapena swab wandiweyani wa thonje, yemwe amamizidwa mu mowa wa boric kapena mafuta odzola. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kudula / kumeta tsitsi mu ngalande ya khutu: malinga ndi madotolo, izi zitha kuteteza mawonekedwe a tiziromboti ndi zilonda, zoyambitsidwa ndi chinyezi komanso kusowa kwa mpweya.
Paw chisamaliro
Zikhola zimadulidwa makamaka agalu okalamba, komanso agalu omwe samayenda pamalo olimba. Achinyamata komanso achangu amapera zikhadabo zawo akamayenda. Chifukwa chakuti St. Bernard nthawi zambiri amapanga zingwe pakati pa zala zazing'ono, ubweyawo umadulidwanso apa. Ndikokakamizidwa kuyendera ma paws, kapena m'malo mwake ziyangoyango, galu akangobwerera kuchokera mumsewu. Minga / zong'ambika zomwe zimamamatira pamenepo zimatulutsidwa mosamala, kupaka khungu lolimba ndi mafuta opaka mafuta kapena kirimu wamafuta ngati popewa ming'alu.
Mano
Pofuna kupewa mapale, St. Bernard amapatsidwa kachulukidwe kapena mafupa a shuga nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati chikwangwani chikupezeka, chimachotsedwa mukatsuka mano (ngati galuyo sakukana izi). Pakamwa amapukutidwa mukatha kudya.
Zakudya, zakudya
M'masiku oyamba, mwana wagalu amadyetsedwa ngati m khola lanyumba, kubweretsa zatsopano tsiku lachitatu. Amayenera kudya magalamu 150-200 patsiku. nyama: akamakula, kuchuluka kumawonjezeka mpaka magalamu 450-500. Ngati mwana wagalu sakudya mokwanira, onjezani kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapena mlingo umodzi. Pofika zaka 2, St. Bernard amadya kawiri patsiku.
Zakudyazi zimakhala ndi izi:
- nyama yowonda / yotayira (kuphatikiza chopanda chopanda kanthu);
- fillet nsomba;
- phala (wopangidwa ndi mpunga, oats wokutidwa ndi buckwheat);
- masamba (yaiwisi ndi yophika);
- zopangira mkaka (kanyumba tchizi, kefir, yogurt);
- mafupa ndi mafuta a dzira;
- batala / mafuta a masamba (ophatikizidwa ndi mbale yammbali);
- clove wa adyo masiku asanu ndi awiri (osapitilira miyezi itatu).
Chisamaliro. St. Bernards amalemera mosazindikira ndipo amakonda kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake samangofunikira kudya kokha, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ngati chakudya chouma ndichofunika kwambiri, sankhani mtundu wonse wa mitundu yambiri.
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Chifukwa chakukula kwawo, St. Bernards amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda am'mafupa, koma osati okha. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi matenda obadwa nawo monga:
- dysplasia ya mafupa (mchiuno / chigongono);
- ziwalo za pambuyo pake pa thunthu;
- kutuluka kwa mitsempha yamkati yamkati;
- Kusokonezeka kwa patella;
- nyamakazi ndi lymphosarcoma;
- kuchepa kwa mtima;
- khunyu;
- chithu.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za mtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chikanga cha ma flews, komanso vuto lalikulu lomwe limawopseza galu - volvulus.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka zikope nthawi zambiri kamasanduka matenda amaso, omwe ndi awa:
- kupindika / kupindika kwa chikope;
- kutupa kwa diso;
- diso la chitumbuwa;
- ng'ala.
Kuphatikiza apo, ana agalu ogontha kapena osamva nthawi zina amabadwa, ndichifukwa chake kugontha kobadwa nako kumatchulidwanso kuti zolakwika zobadwa nazo.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro
Malingaliro ofulumira a St. Bernard mosemphana amatsutsana ndi choletsa chake: galuyo amamvetsetsa malamulowo, koma akuwoneka kuti akuganiza pang'ono asanakwaniritse. Amayamba maphunziro kuyambira mwezi wachiwiri kapena wachitatu, pomwe mwana wagalu amatha kale kusiyanitsa malamulo oyambira "Fu!", "Sit!" kapena "Kumiyendo!" Chovuta kwambiri kuti St. Bernards aphunzire ndi Aport! Command, ndichifukwa chake amayenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi kuposa ena.
Galu wamkulu, ndiye kuti kuphunzira kumavuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyamba paunyamata. Pomwe chiweto chimatha zaka 2, kuphunzira kwake kudzakhala ntchito yotopetsa.
Mukamaphunzitsa galu wanu, musamakakamize, kumukalipira, kapena kumumenya. Kogwira ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito "mkate wa ginger" - kuchitira ndi kutamanda. Khalani achifundo ndikuchedwa kubadwa kwa chiweto - pakapita kanthawi, chimayamba kuyankha malamulo mwachangu kwambiri.
Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mwana wagalu amayambitsidwa pamphu, kolala ndi leash, kuzolowera zipolopolo izi pang'onopang'ono: koyamba mnyumbamo, kenako asanapite kumsewu. Ndi St. Bernard wa miyezi 8, mutha kuchita OKD, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe safunika kungokhala ndi mchira, koma koposa zonse mlonda.
Gulani St. Bernard
Mtunduwu sutchuka kwambiri kotero kuti oimira ake enieni amatha kugula mumzinda uliwonse. Pali ziweto zochepa, choncho ndi bwino kuyang'ana obereketsa ndi ana agalu pazowonetsa pafupipafupi.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Choyamba, yang'anani mozungulira kanyumbako palokha - ndiyabwino komanso kotentha, ngakhale agalu amakhala m'malo opanikizana komanso opanda ukhondo. Ngati mumakonda chilichonse, pendani mwana wagalu: ayenera kukhala wathanzi, wathanzi labwino komanso wokangalika. Maso, mphuno, khutu, tsitsi, khungu kuzungulira anus - fufuzani zonse mwachidwi komanso mwatsatanetsatane. Onani zonunkhira zotuluka pakamwa: zosasangalatsa zimawonetsa mavuto am'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, pamimba sayenera kukhala yothina kapena yotupa.
Ndizabwino ngati angakuwonetseni opanga, komanso kukudziwitsani zotsatira za mayeso awo a articular dysplasia, yomwe ingakhale mtundu wotsimikizira kuti mwana wanu sadzadwala.
Mutasankha kugula, musaiwale kutenga kuchokera kwa woweta mwana wa RKF metric, pasipoti ya Chowona Zanyama (yokhala ndi zilembo za katemera woyamba), komanso mgwirizano wogula ndi kugulitsa, womwe umawonetsa zomwe zipani zikuchita.
Mtengo wagalu wagalu
Ku ma kennels aku Moscow (kumapeto kwa 2018), mwana wagalu wa St. Bernard amaperekedwa ma ruble 80 zikwi. Komabe, muzipinda zina zapakhomo mtengo wake umasungidwa pamlingo wofanana. Ana agalu ocheperako (mtundu kapena chiweto) ali ndi mtengo wotsika - kuyambira ma ruble 12 mpaka 25,000.
Osati kawirikawiri pamasamba pamakhala zotsatsa zogulitsa agalu akuluakulu kapena achikulire, omwe eni ake anawapereka iwo Wokhumudwitsidwa ndi mtunduwo kapena kusamukira mumzinda wina. Mtengo wa zoterozo wasiyidwa St. Bernards zimadalira, monga lamulo, pakufulumira kwa kugulitsa.
Ndemanga za eni
# kuwunika 1
Tinatenga tsitsi laifupi la St. Bernard kuti tizilondera nyumba yakumidzi. Tinali kufunafuna galu waubwenzi, koma ndi mawonekedwe owopsa. Anthu ambiri amalemba kuti ndizoletsedwa kusunga ma St. Bernards paunyolo, koma sindikuvomereza. Mwana wathu wamphongo nthawi yomweyo adayamba kukhala munyumba yomwe idayikidwa pabwalo, ndipo atakula, tidayamba kumumanga unyolo, ndikumugwetsa usiku. Mtunduwu ndiwofunika kuwulondera, popeza agaluwa samakuwa popanda chifukwa ndipo amasiyanitsa okha ndi omwe sawadziwa.
Zathu sizabwino ndipo zimalekerera kusungulumwa bwino, ngakhale amakonda masewera ndi kulumikizana. Ndidaphunzira malamulowo mwachangu (mphindi 30 kuti ndidziwe lamulo limodzi). Galu samangokhala wamphamvu kwambiri, komanso amalemera: ngakhale atasewera, amatha kugwetsa onse mwana ndi wamkulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi yomweyo tidazolowera mwana wathu wagalu kudumpha anthu. Ndikofunikira kuti muphunzitse kuyambira ali aang'ono, apo ayi simukhalitsa wamkulu Bernard pa leash. Ana samawopa mawonekedwe ake owopsa komanso amakonda kusewera naye, ndipo akunja, amawopa. St. Bernard amaphatikiza mphamvu ndi mphamvu, kusewera komanso kulimba.
# kuwunika 2
Ubwenzi wa St. Bernards umakokomezedwa kwambiri ngati tikulankhula za alendo. Athu nthawi ina adagogoda munthu pansi, kugwedeza mikono yake: galuyo adazindikira izi ngati zowopsa. Ndizabwino kuti anali woweta galu yemwe adatenga zochitikazo ndi nthabwala. Koma kenako tinakhala osamala kwambiri. Nkhani zakumwera kwa mkaka zidakhala zowona, ngakhale tinkakonda kumenyera nkhonya ndikuwona galu akumwa. Chifukwa chake, nkhonya ili kupumula kumbuyo kwa St. Bernard, makamaka pomwe womaliza akupempha kena kake kokoma.
Chiweto chathu chinafa ndi volvulus. Ndi kulakwa kwawo - sanadziwe za kuopsa kwa kudya mopitirira muyeso komanso kuti mimba ya St. Bernards sinakhazikike.
