Nyalugwe waku Central Asia, yemwenso amadziwika kuti kambuku wa ku Caucasus (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica), ndi nyama yodya nyama ya banja la Felidae. Kambuku kameneka kamakhala makamaka kumadzulo kwa Asia ndipo ndi wochititsa chidwi, koma woyimira kwambiri mtundu wa Panther.
Kufotokozera kwa nyalugwe waku Central Asia
Akambuku aku Central Asia lero ali m'gulu la akambuku akuluakulu padziko lapansi.... Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa nyama yolusa kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 126-171, koma oimira ena a subspecies amafika 180-183 masentimita kukula, ndi mchira kutalika kwa masentimita 94-116. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chigaza cha mwamuna wamkulu sikupitilira kotala mita, ndipo ya mkazi - mkati mwa 20, Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa dentition wamwamuna ndi 68-75 mm, ndi wamkazi 64-67 mm.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chilombocho kufota kumafikira masentimita 76, ndikulemera kosaposa 68-70 kg. Ku Soviet Union, nyalugwe amadziwika kuti "Caucasian" kapena "Near East", wokhala ndi dzina lachilatini la Panthera pardus ciscaucasica kapena Panthera pardus Tulliana. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri azungu, dzina losiyana kwambiri ndi chilombo cholusa lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo - kambuku wa "Persian", wokhala ndi dzina lachilatini la Panthera pardus saxicolor.
Maonekedwe
Mtundu wa ubweya wa dzinja wa nyalugwe waku Central Asia ndi wowala kwambiri, pafupifupi wotumbululuka, ndipo maziko ake ndi utoto wofiirira. Nthawi zina pamakhala anthu omwe ali ndi ubweya wa imvi wonyezimira wofiyira kapena wamchenga, womwe umapangidwa bwino kumbuyo. Kwa oimira ena a subspecies, mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira oyera kwambiri, amakumbutsa mtundu wa kambuku wa chisanu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zingwe zamawangamawanga kumbuyo kwake zimapangidwa ndi timadontho tosowa kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri samakhala akuda kwathunthu, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Munda wamkati wamadontho ngati rosette, monga lamulo, sakhala wakuda kuposa utoto wakumbuyo kwa malaya. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yakuda komanso yowala imawonekera.
Mtundu wonyezimira ndi wamba ndipo umasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa ubweya waubweya wofiirira wokhala ndi utoto wofiyira pang'ono. Kudera lakumbuyo, kutsogolo, malayawo ndi akuda pang'ono. Mawanga ambiri amakhala olimba komanso ochepa, okhala ndi m'mimba mwake osapitilira 20 mm.
Mawanga onse ofanana ndi rosette amapangidwa ndi malo atatu kapena asanu ang'onoang'ono. Nsonga ya mchira imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphete zitatu zakuda mpaka zinayi, pafupifupi kwathunthu komanso zokutira. Pafupi ndi sacrum, komanso pakati pa kumbuyo, pali mizere yayikulu, 2.5 x 4.0 cm, mawanga owoneka bwino.
Nyama zamtundu wakuda zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ubweya wofiira komanso wakuda wakuda. Mawanga pakhungu la nyama zodya nyama makamaka ndi zazikulu, zolimba, zamkati mwake ndi masentimita 3.0. Mawanga oterewa sapezeka kwenikweni kumbuyo. Mawanga akulu kwambiri m'chigawo cha sacrum amafika mpaka masentimita 8.0 x 4.0. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mawanga a rosette chimapangidwa ndi mphete zodziwika bwino. Zolemba pamzere mchira zimaphimba kwathunthu.
Moyo, machitidwe
Malo achilengedwe a akambuku a ku Central Asia ndi mitunda yochepetsetsa, nkhalango zowirira komanso nkhalango zowirira.... Monga lamulo, nyama zolusa zoterezi zimakhala mdera lomwelo m'moyo wawo wonse, sizimayendayenda m'malo ena. Omwe akuyimira banja la mphalapala, mtundu wa Panther ndi mtundu wa Leopards amatha kusintha pang'ono, kutsata nyama yawo.
Nthawi zambiri, akambuku aku Central Asia amakhala m'malo omwe anthu ambiri samamwalira, koma yesetsani kupewa madera omwe ndi achisanu kwambiri. Pachimake pa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya chilombo chokulirapo imagwera makamaka nthawi yamadzulo ndipo imatha mpaka m'mawa.
Pakakhala nyengo yozizira kwambiri, nyamayo imatha kuwonekera posaka ngakhale masana. Njira yayikulu yosakira nyama yotere imayimilidwa powonera nyama, koma nthawi zina nyalugwe waku Central Asia amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuyanjana ndi akambuku aku Central Asia ndikolimba kwambiri, chifukwa chake nyama zoterezi zimangoyanjana ndi "anansi" awo, komanso zimafufuza za akambuku ena.
Mpikisano kapena mikangano yokhudza akazi imachitika nthawi zina, koma nthawi zina, nyama zolusa zimatha kupatsana moni modekha. Nthawi yomweyo, mayendedwe a akambuku aku Central Asia amakhala olondola kwambiri, omveka bwino ndipo salola kusiyana, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu zachilengedwe, mphamvu, komanso kukula kwakukulu kwa nthumwi ya banja la Feline. Pakulonjerana, nyama zotere zimapukusana masaya ndi mphuno, ndikupakasa ndi mphuno, mbali kapena mitu. Nthawi zina pamakhala mayendedwe amasewera omwe amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino.
Kodi akambuku a ku Caucasus amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Pafupifupi, kutsimikiziridwa mwasayansi mpaka pano, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa oimira subspecies Central Asia nyalugwe m'malo achilengedwe sichipitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu, ndipo mbiri yomwe ili mu ukapolo ndi zaka 24 zokha.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Amuna a nyalugwe waku Central Asia amasiyana ndi akazi a subspecies awa pakukula kwakukulu kwa minofu, kukula kwa thupi lalikulu ndi chigaza chachikulu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kuyambira kale, akambuku aku Central Asia amakhala m'malo awiri osiyana, omwe amayimiridwa ndi madera aku Caucasus ndi Central Asia. Tsopano ndizovuta kunena ngati pali malire wamba pakati pamagawo omwe amagawidwa, popeza pakadali pano kuchuluka kwa nthumwi yayikulu ya banjali lachepa kwambiri. Ngati tilingalira za malo a ku Caucasus a nyalugwe wotere, ndiye kuti madera amapiri ndi mapiri ataliatali amatha kudziwika.
Nthawi zina, nyama zodya nyama zazikulu komanso zazikulu zimapezeka m'malo athyathyathya kapena m'malo okhala anthu ambiri.... Pamphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, m'malo omwe ali pakati pa Novorossiysk ndi Tuapse, kuli malo omwe amatchedwa kumpoto chakumpoto kwa nthumwi za subspecies za Near East. Imayambira chakum'mawa, kudutsa madera apamwamba a mitsinje ya Kura, Laba ndi Terek, komanso Mtsinje wa Belaya, pambuyo pake umakhala m'madzi a Nyanja ya Caspian pafupi ndi Makhachkala. M'chigwa cha Araks, nthumwi za subspecies zimakhala m'mapiri opanda mitengo komanso opanda anthu.
Zakudya za nyalugwe waku Central Asia
Zakudya za akambuku aku Central Asia zimayimiriridwa ndi maululu apakatikati, kuphatikiza nswala, mbawala, ma mouflons, mbuzi za bezoar, komanso nkhosa zamphiri za ku Caucasus (Dagestan ndi Kuban tur) ndi nguluwe.
Mwa zina, pazakudya za oimira banja la Felidae, mtundu wa Panther, mtundu wa Leopards ndi subspecies a Near East nyalugwe, nyama zochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa. Nyama yodya nyama imatha kusaka mbewa, nguluwe ndi nungu, komanso nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi ndevu, mbalame ndi zokwawa. Pali milandu yodziwika yomwe amaukira anyani, akavalo oweta ndi nkhosa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pamodzi ndi mnzake waku Africa, akambuku akamalimbana, amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndipo kutsogolo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumenya ndi zikhadabo zowopsa, zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe ndi chida chenicheni.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyama yoopsa yayikulu m'zinthu zachilengedwe za Western Caucasus, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi alendo ambiri, kumatha kubweretsa mavuto. Mbiri ya ubale wapakati pa anthu ndi nyama zodya nyama zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti nyama zotere ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosasunthika komanso kukakamizidwa ndi kusaka. Kupanda kutero, akambuku achikulire aku Central Asia adzawona anthu ngati omwe angawatenge. Chifukwa cha mantha a anthu omwe adakula m'mibadwo ya ziwombankhanga, nyama zazikulu zimayesetsa kupewa misonkhano pafupipafupi ndi anthu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoberekera anyalugwe aku Central Asia siyokhazikika pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka, chifukwa chake nthawi yakwana imatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zakunja, kuphatikiza kupezeka kwa nyama kwakanthawi kokwanira komanso nyengo yabwino, yabwino. Mu zinyalala imodzi, mwana wamphongo mmodzi mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi atha kubadwa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi pakati pa zinyalala zonse sizingakhale zazifupi kuposa chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Amuna achikulire a kambuku wa ku Central Asia, monga lamulo, satenga nawo mbali pakukweza ana awo kapena kusamalira ana awo omwe akukula. Pobereka, mkazi amasankha malo obisika kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpata kapena phanga lamiyala labwino. Nthawi zambiri, malo achitetezo oterewa amakhala pafupi ndi madzi.
Pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ana amphaka ayamba kale kutsagana ndi amayi awo, akukhala mosamalitsa kudera lokhalamo... Ali achichepere kwambiri, akambuku aku Central Asia akadali ochepa kukula komanso osalimba kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kuthana ndi makilomita opitilira 3-4 patsiku. Podziwa izi zapadera za ana awo, akazi, atasintha kwakanthawi kochepa, sankhani malo ogona kuti tiana tiana tizipuma.
Ana amphongo akamakula ndikukula bwino, nyamakazi zodya nyama zimayamba kufunikira kwambiri pogona pogona.
Kuphatikiza apo, anyalugwe akuluakulu amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali osatopa komanso kufunika kopuma. Amphaka amatha kudya mkaka wa amayi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma amadziwa kukoma kwa nyama kuyambira mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Posachedwa, deta yasindikizidwa yotsimikizira kufunikira kwa akambuku aku Central Asia, ngakhale samachitika pafupipafupi, koma kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi abale posungabe ubale wolimba, chifukwa chake ana aakazi achikulire ndi amayi amatha kusangalala ndi misonkhano imeneyi.
Ana akambuku a Central Asia atakwanitsa miyezi 8 mpaka 9, amayesa kuyenda okha, koma nyama zambiri zazing'ono zimayandikira amayi awo ndipo sizimamusiya kwanthawi yayitali. Anawo amaswa kokha akambuku atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Mpaka posachedwa, akambuku osowa a ku Central Asia anali ofala kwambiri ku Caucasus ndipo amakhala pafupifupi madera onse amapiri. Komabe, kuwonongedwa kwakukulu ndikuwonongedwa ndi zochitika zachuma za anthu omwe amadya nyama yodyetsa madera ambiri zidadzetsa chiwonongeko chokwanira cha chiwombankhanga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mkangano pakati pa anthu ndi kambuku unakula kwambiri, choncho nyama yolusa inaloledwa kuphedwa mosasamala kanthu za nyengoyo ndipo mwa njira iliyonse, kuphatikiza mfuti, nyambo zapoizoni komanso malupu apadera otchera misampha.
Ochita nawo mpikisano waukulu, komanso otsutsana nawo amphaka wosowa, ndi nyama zina zamtchire zolusa, zoyimiriridwa ndi akambuku ndi mikango, afisi amitundumitundu, ndi akambuku.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Akuti pafupifupi akambuku khumi aku Central Asia tsopano ali ku Turkey, ndipo chiwonkhetso cha anthu omwe alipo pakadali pano akupezeka anthu 870-1300 okha. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 550-850 nyama zikukhala ku Iran, osapitirira 90-100 nyama ku Turkmenistan, pafupifupi anthu 10-13 ku Azerbaijan, 200-300 ku Afghanistan, 10-13 ku Armenia, ndi ku Georgia kulibe zinyama zopitilira zisanu.
Mitundu yosawerengeka ya nyalugwe waku Central Asia pano yalembedwa mu Zowonjezera I za Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). M'maboma onse, gawo lomwe limayimiriridwa ndi nthumwi yotere ya Feline banja ndi mtundu wa Panther, limatetezedwa mwapadera. Pamasamba a Red Book of Russia, timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta kambuku timaphatikizidwa ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi, chifukwa chake, ikuyenera kutchulidwa m'gulu loyamba.
