Kambuku wamtambo chilombo chokongola kuchokera kubanja lomwelo monga amphaka. Amakhala mtundu umodzi, womwe umakhala ndi mitundu yofananira, Neofelis nebulosa. Chombocho, si nyalugwe, ngakhale kuti chimakhala ndi dzinali chifukwa chofanana ndi wachibale wakutali.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Clouded Leopard
Katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Britain a Edwart Griffith mu 1821 adalongosola koyamba za feline uyu, ndikupatsa dzina loti Felis nebulosa. Mu 1841, Brian Houghton Hodgson, akuphunzira zinyama ku India, Nepal, potengera kufotokozera kwamtundu wina waku Nepolian, wotchedwa mtundu uwu Felis macrosceloides. Malongosoledwe otsatirawa ndi dzina la nyama yochokera ku Taiwan idaperekedwa ndi katswiri wazamoyo Robert Swinho (1862) - Felis Brachyura. A John Edward Grey adasonkhanitsa onse atatu mumtundu umodzi Neofelis (1867).
Kambuku wamtambo, ngakhale amayimira mawonekedwe osintha pakati pa zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu, ali ndi chibadwa choyandikira chakumapeto kwake, cha mtundu wa panther. M'mbuyomu, chilombocho, chomwe chinali chimodzi, chidagawika mitundu iwiri mu 2006.
Kanema: Kambuku Wamtambo
Kusonkhanitsa deta pazilombo zakunyanja sizinali zophweka. Maziko ophunzirira DNA adatengedwa kuchokera ku zikopa za nyama zomwe zimasungidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira zinthu zakale padziko lapansi, zonyansa. Malinga ndi izi ndi kafukufuku wamaphunziro, mtundu wa Neofelis nebulosa umangokhala ku Southeast Asia, gawo lomwe lili kumtunda ndi Taiwan, ndipo N. diardi amakhala kuzilumba za Sumatra, Borneo. Zotsatira zakusaka zidasinthanso kuchuluka kwa subspecies.
Ma subspecies onse a nebulosa anaphatikizidwa, ndipo anthu a diardi adagawika pakati:
- diardi borneensis pachilumba cha Borneo;
- diardi diardi ku Sumatra.
Mitundu iwiriyi idasokonekera zaka 1.5 miliyoni zapitazo chifukwa chodzipatula, popeza kulumikizana kwapakati pazilumbazi kunatha, mwina chifukwa chakukwera kwamadzi kapena kuphulika kwa mapiri. Kuyambira pamenepo, mitundu iwiriyo sinakumanepo kapena kuwoloka. The Clouded Island Leopard ili ndi zolemba zazing'ono komanso zakuda kwambiri komanso mtundu wakuda wakuda.
Ngakhale mitundu iwiri ya fodya wosuta imawoneka yofanana, ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi yamtundu wina ndi mnzake kuposa momwe mkango uliri ndi kambuku!
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama yodzala ndi kambuku
Mtundu wapadera wa malaya amtambo umapangitsa nyamazi kukhala zokongola modabwitsa komanso zosiyana ndi abale ena am'banja. Mawanga ozungulira ndi akuda kuposa akumbuyo, ndipo m'mphepete mwa malo aliwonse amapangika pang'ono akuda. Zili pafupi ndi munda wa monochromatic, womwe umasiyana ndi bulauni wonyezimira ndi chikasu mpaka imvi yakuya.
Mphuno ndi yopepuka, ngati maziko, mawanga akuda olimba amalemba pamphumi ndi masaya. Mbali yamkati, miyendo imadziwika ndi mazira akulu akuda. Mikwingwirima iwiri yolimba yakuda imachokera kumbuyo kwa makutu kumbuyo kwa khosi mpaka paphewa, mchira wakudawo umakutidwa ndi zilembo zakuda zomwe zimaphatikizana kumapeto. Mwa achinyamata, mawanga ofananira ndi olimba, osakhala mitambo. Zisintha nthawi yomwe nyama ili ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Zitsanzo za achikulire nthawi zambiri zimalemera 18-22 kg, ndikutalika kwa kufota kuyambira 50 mpaka 60. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 75 mpaka 105 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira - kuyambira 79 mpaka 90 cm, yomwe ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lomwe. Amphaka osuta alibe kusiyana kwakukulu, koma akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono.
Miyendo ya nyamayi ndi yaifupi poyerekeza ndi zazikazi zina, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo. Miyendo imakhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, zikhomo ndizokulirapo, zomwe zimathera pakubweza zikhadabo. Kapangidwe ka thupi, kutalika kwa miyendo, mchira wautali ndiwokwera kukwera mitengo, onse pamwamba ndi pansi. Zinyama zili ndi maso abwino, kumva komanso kununkhiza.
Chilombocho, poyerekeza ndi abale ena am'banja lino:
- yochepetsetsa, chigaza chotalika;
- mayini atali kwambiri, poyerekeza kukula kwa thupi ndi chigaza;
- pakamwa amatsegula kwambiri.
Canines amatha kupitilira masentimita 4. Mphuno ndi pinki, nthawi zina imakhala ndi mawanga akuda. Makutu ndi ofupika, otambasuka komanso ozungulira. Iris wamaso nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira achikaso kapena obiriwira-imvi imvi, anawo amaponderezedwa kuti akhale ofukula.
Kambuku wamtambo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Taiwan Clouded Leopard
Mitundu ya Neofelis Nebulosa imapezeka kumwera kwa mapiri a Himalaya ku Nepal, Bhutan, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India. Gawo lakumwera kwa malowa limangokhala ku Myanmar, kumwera kwa China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia (madera akutali).
Masamba atatu amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana:
- Neofelis n. nebulosa - kumwera kwa China ndi kumtunda Malaysia;
- Neofelis n. brachyura - amakhala ku Taiwan, koma tsopano akuwoneka kuti atayika;
- Neofelis n. macrosceloides - opezeka kuchokera ku Myanmar kupita ku Nepal;
- Neofelis diardi ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wochokera kuzilumba za Borneo, Sumatra.
Zowononga zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, zikafika kumadera okwera mamita 3,000. Amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo pochita zosangalatsa komanso kusaka, koma amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi kuposa momwe amaganizira kale. Zowonera zolusa zatsimikizira kuti nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo otentha a nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Zinyama zimakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango zowuma zouma, m'nkhalango zowirira, zitha kupezeka m'madambo a mangrove, malo otsetsereka komanso madambo.
Kodi kambuku wamtambo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kambuku Kofiira kofiira
Mofanana ndi zamoyo zonse zakutchire, zilombo izi ndizilombo. Poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti amathera nthawi yochuluka akusaka m'mitengo, koma kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti akambuku okhala ndi mitambo akusaka pansi ndikupuma m'mitengo masana.
Nyama zosakidwa ndi chilombo ndi izi:
- lori;
- nyani;
- zimbalangondo;
- mbawala;
- sambara;
- Abuluzi achi Malay;
- muntjacs;
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- nkhumba ndevu;
- gophers;
- ma civets amanjedza;
- nungu.
Zowononga zimatha kugwira mbalame monga ma pheasants. Zotsalira za nsomba zidapezeka mu ndowe. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino yomwe amphaka amtchire awaukira ziweto: ng'ombe, nkhumba, mbuzi, nkhuku. Nyama izi zimapha nyama yawo mwa kukumba mano kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndikuthyola msana. Amadya pokoka nyama kuchokera munyama, kukumba ndi mano awo ndi zotupa, kenako ndikupendeketsa mutu wawo. Nthawi zambiri nyama imabisalira pamtengo, ikanikizidwa mwamphamvu ku nthambi. Nyamayo imagwidwa kuchokera kumwamba, kudumphira kumbuyo kwake. Zinyama zazing'ono zimagwidwa pansi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Clouded Leopard
Thupi lomwe limazolowera moyo wamtunduwu limakupatsani mwayi wodziwa maluso odabwitsawa. Miyendo yawo ndi yaifupi komanso yolimba, yopatsa mphamvu komanso mphamvu yokoka pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mchira wautali kwambiri umathandizira poyeserera. Kuti agwire zikhomo zawo zazikulu zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa ndi zikhomo zapadera. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala ndi akakolo osinthasintha omwe amalola kuti mwendo uzizunguliranso chammbuyo.
Mbali yapadera ya kambukuyu ndi chigaza chosazolowereka, ndipo chilombocho chimakhalanso ndi zitoliro zazitali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa chigaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizifanizitsidwe ndi mphalapala wamphongo wosatha.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Dr. Per Christiansen wa ku Copenhagen Zoological Museum wavumbula kulumikizana pakati pa nyama izi. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chigaza cha amphaka amoyo komanso atha posachedwapa wasonyeza kuti kapangidwe kake mwa kambuku wamtamboyo akufanana ndi mazira omwe sanathe, monga Paramachairodus (gululo lisanachepe komanso nyama zili ndi ziphuphu zazikulu).
Nyama zonsezi zimakhala ndi pakamwa pabwino kwambiri, pafupifupi madigiri 100. Mosiyana ndi mkango wamakono, womwe umatha kutsegula pakamwa pake 65 ° yokha. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mzere umodzi wamankhwala amakono, omwe ndi nyalugwe wamtambo yekha yemwe watsala, wasintha kale ndi amphaka owona mano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyama zimatha kusaka nyama zazikulu kuthengo mosiyana pang'ono ndi ziweto zina zazikulu.
Akambuku okhala ndi mitambo ndi ena mwokwera kwambiri m'banja lamphaka. Amatha kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu, kukangamira panthambi ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ngakhale kutsika kumutu ngati gologolo.
Amphaka okhala ndi mano a Saber amaluma nyama zawo pakhosi, pogwiritsa ntchito mano awo atali kuti atulutse misempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndikugwira pakhosi kuti amenyetse wovulalayo. Njira yosakira njirayi ndiyosiyana ndi kuukira kwa amphaka amakono amakono, omwe amamugwira pammero kuti anyamule nyama.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Clouded Leopard Cub
Khalidwe la nyama izi silinaphunzirepo kwenikweni. Kutengera momwe amphaka ena amtchire amakhalira, amakhala moyo wosungulumwa, amadziphatikiza ndi zibwenzi zokhazokha. Amayang'anira gawo lawo, usana ndi usiku. Dera lake limatha kuyambira 20 mpaka 50 m2.
Ku Thailand, nyama zingapo zimakhala munyengo. malo osungira, anali ndi zida zapa wayilesi. Kuyesaku kunawonetsa kuti akazi atatu anali ndi magawo a 23, 25, 39, 50 m2, ndi amuna a 30, 42, 50 m2. Pakatikati pa tsambali panali pafupifupi 3 m2.
Zowononga zimayika gawolo pomwaza mkodzo ndikupaka zinthu, ndikung'amba makungwa a mitengo ndi zikhadabo zawo. Vibrissae amawathandiza kuyenda usiku. Ma feline awa sadziwa momwe angayeretsere, koma amapangitsa kumvekera, komanso kumveka kofananira kofanana ndi kumeza. Kulira kwakanthawi kochepa kumveka patali, cholinga chakuimbira kumeneku sichikudziwika, mwina cholinga chake ndi kukopa mnzake. Ngati amphaka ndi ochezeka, amatambasula makosi awo, ndikukweza mphuno zawo. Ali achiwawa, amavumbula mano awo, khwinya lawo, amaphulika ndi mkokomo.
Kukula msinkhu kwa nyama kumachitika patatha zaka ziwiri. Kukhathamira kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali, koma nthawi zambiri kuyambira Disembala mpaka Marichi. Nyama imeneyi ndi yaukali kwambiri ngakhale ikakhala pachibwenzi, imawonetsa khalidwe. Amuna nthawi zambiri amavulaza anzawo achikazi, nthawi zina mpaka mpaka kuphulika msana. Kukhathamira kumachitika kangapo ndi mnzake, yemwe amaluma wamkazi nthawi yomweyo, amayankha ndikumveka, kulimbikitsa yamphongo kuti ichitenso zina.
Amayi amatha kubereka ana pachaka. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi nyama zoyamwitsa ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mu ukapolo, olusa amakhala ndi moyo wautali, pafupifupi 11, milandu amadziwika pamene nyama wakhala zaka 17.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masabata 13, kutha ndikubadwa kwa ana awiri akhungu, opanda thandizo, olemera magalamu 140-280. Pali zinyalala kuyambira ma 1 mpaka 5 ma PC. Zisa ndi mabowo amtengo, mabowo pansi pa mizu, ma nook omwe amadzaza tchire. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, makanda awona kale, pamwezi amakhala atagwira, ndipo atatu amasiya kudya mkaka. Amayi amawaphunzitsa kusaka. Amphaka amadziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi khumi. Poyamba, utoto umakhala ndimadontho amdima, omwe, ndikukula ndi ukalamba, umawala pakati, ndikusiya mdima. Sizikudziwika komwe amphaka amabisala panthawi yomwe mayi akusaka, mwina atavala nkhata zamitengo.
Adani achilengedwe a akambuku okhala ndi mitambo
Chithunzi: Nyama yodzala ndi kambuku
Zowononga zazikuluzikuluzikulu ndi anthu. Nyama zimasakidwa chifukwa cha zikopa zawo zokongola modabwitsa. Posaka, agalu amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyendetsa zolusa ndikuwapha. Chilombocho chimayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi midzi. Momwe munthu amakulitsa malo ake olima, kuwononga nkhalango ndikulowa m'malo amtunduwu, nawonso, amalimbana ndi ziweto. Anthu akomweko amagwiritsa ntchito ziphe kuwononga amphaka.
Kumtchire, akambuku ndi akambuku amapikisana ndi ngwazi yathu ndipo amatha kumupha kuti athetse adani ake. M'malo oterewa, amphaka omwe amasuta fodya amakhala usiku ndipo amakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo. Makina awo obisa amasewera bwino; ndizosatheka kuwona nyama iyi, makamaka mumdima kapena madzulo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Clouded Leopard
Tsoka ilo, chifukwa chazinsinsi, kumakhala kovuta kulankhula za kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa nyama izi. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koipa, anthu ndi ochepera zitsanzo za 10 zikwi. Zowopseza zazikulu ndi kupha nyama mwachisawawa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Zina mwa nkhalango zomwe zatsala ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sizingathe kubereketsa ndi kuteteza zamoyozi.
Amasaka nyama chifukwa cha zikopa zawo zokongola. Ku Sarawak, zibambo zazitali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuko ena ngati zokongoletsera m'makutu. Magawo ena anyama amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ndi anthu amderalo. M'malo odyera ku China ndi Thailand, nyama ya kambuku yodzala ndi mitambo ili pamndandanda wazakudya zina za alendo olemera, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupha nyama. Ana amaperekedwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri monga ziweto.
Zowonongekazi zinkaonedwa kuti zatha ku Nepal kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, koma mzaka za m'ma 80 za zana lomaliza, akulu anayi adapezeka m'chigwa cha Pokhara. Pambuyo pake, mitundu yosawerengeka imalembedwa nthawi ndi nthawi m'mapaki ndi malo osungira dzikolo. Ku India, gawo lakumadzulo kwa Bengal, mapiri a Sikkim, chilombocho chidagwidwa pamakamera. Anthu osachepera 16 adalembedwa pamisampha yamakamera.
Kambuku wamtambo wapezeka lero m'mapiri a Himalaya, Nepal, kumtunda chakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, China. Poyamba anali kufalikira kumwera kwa Yangtze, koma mawonekedwe aposachedwa anyamayo ndi ochepa, ndipo ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pakufalikira kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Nyamayi imapezeka m'malo akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Bangladesh (Chittagong thirakiti) kumapiri, okhala ndi malo oyenera.
Kugawanika kwa malo okhala kwachulukitsa chiwopsezo cha nyama ku matenda opatsirana komanso masoka achilengedwe. Ku Sumatra ndi Borneo, kuli kuwonongeka kwa mitengo mwachangu ndipo nyalugwe waku Bornean samangowonongeka, kulandidwa malo ake achilengedwe, komanso amagwera mumisampha yanyama zina. Akambuku otetezedwa amaonedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo ndi IUCN.
Kutetezedwa ndi kambuku
Chithunzi: Kambuku Kofiira kofiira
Kusaka nyama zoletsedwa ndikoletsedwa m'maiko: Bangladesh, Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam ndipo amalamulidwa ku Laos. Ku Bhutan, kunja kwa malo otetezedwa, kusaka sikuloledwa.
Kuyesayesa kwachitika ku Nepal, Malaysia ndi Indonesia kuti akhazikitse malo osungirako zachilengedwe kuti athandizire zilombo. Kuteteza dziko la Malawi la Sabah kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa midzi. Apa, anthu asanu ndi anayi amakhala pa 100 km². Kawirikawiri kuposa Borneo, nyamayi imapezeka ku Sumatra. Tripura Wildlife Sanctuary ya Sipahihola ili ndi paki pomwe kuli zoo zomwe kuli akambuku okhala ndi mitambo.
Ndikovuta kupeza ana kuchokera ku nyama izi mu ukapolo chifukwa chaukali wawo. Pofuna kuchepetsa chidani, ana angapo amasungidwa limodzi kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri. Ana akawoneka, ana amatengedwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa amayi awo ndikudyetsedwa m'botolo. Mu Marichi 2011, ku Grassmere Zoo (Nashville, Tennessee), akazi awiri adabereka ana atatu, omwe panthawiyo adakulira mu ukapolo. Mwana wang'ombe aliyense amayeza magalamu 230. Ana ena anayi adabadwira komweko mu 2012.
Mu June 2011, akambuku awiri adapezeka ku Point Defiance Zoo ku Tacoma, WA. Makolo awo adatengedwa kuchokera ku Khao Kheo Patay Open Zoo (Thailand) kudzera pulogalamu yophunzirira komanso kugawana nzeru. Mu Meyi 2015, ana enanso anayi adabadwira kumeneko. Adakhala zinyalala zachinayi kuchokera ku Chai Li ndi bwenzi lake Nah Fan.
Kuyambira Disembala 2011, panali zitsanzo 222 za nyama yosowa iyi kumalo osungira nyama.
M'mbuyomu, kuswana kwa ogwidwa ukapolo kunali kovuta, popeza kunalibe chidziwitso komanso chidziwitso chazomwe amachita m'chilengedwe. Tsopano milandu yobereketsa yakhala ikuchulukirachulukira, nyamazo zimapatsidwa malo okhala ndi miyala komanso ma nook omwe amabisika. Ziweto zimadyetsedwa molingana ndi pulogalamu yapadera yodyetsa. Kuchulukitsa nyama zakutchire, pamafunika njira zotetezera malo achilengedwe a akambuku okhala ndi mitambo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 20.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/16/2019 ku 0:10
