Malinga ndi nthano komanso makanema akunja anaconda Ndi njoka yayikulu kwambiri komanso yowopsa. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, si zachilendo kumva kuchokera kwa anthu za kukula kwa anaconda, kupitirira kukula kwawo kwenikweni kawiri kapena katatu. Izi, ndichachidziwikire, kuti zonse ndi nthano komanso zoyambitsa, zomwe zimamasuliridwa kuti mbiri yovomerezeka. Chilichonse ndichocheperako, anaconda ndiyedi njoka yayikulu kwambiri, koma mowerengera. Iye amakhalanso wodekha komanso nyama yayikulu ngati munthu samamukonda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Anaconda
Anacondas ndi ochokera kubanja laling'ono la banja la pseudopod, gulu lowopsa, gulu la zokwawa. Akatswiri amakonda kwambiri kusowa kwa subspecies mu anaconda wamba. Malinga ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa, pali mitundu inayi ya anaconda, iliyonse yomwe ndi yosiyana pang'ono kukula, mtundu ndi malo okhala.
- Chimphona Anaconda;
- Paraguay;
- Deschauerskaya;
- Anaconda Eunectes beniensis.
Anaconda, monga ma boas, ali ndi mutu wawung'ono, koma thupi ndi lokulirapo, limawoneka ngati losafanana. Kutalika kwa njokayo kumatha kufikira 5 - 6 mita, koma osati 9 - 11 kapena 20, monga tanenera kwina. Kulemera kwakukulu kumayenera kukhala makilogalamu 130, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kutali ndi zana.
Njoka izi zimawoneka ngati zowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa zimatha kumeza nyama yofanana. Njokayo ikalemera kupitirira zana, ndiye kuti sizingakhale zovuta kumeza munthu ndi kumugaya. Komabe iye ndi wamkulu komanso wanzeru za njoka, ndipo milandu yonse yodziwika yokhudza kuukira kwa munthu imawonetsa kuti izi zidachitika molakwika.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Anaconda njoka
Anaconda ndi njoka yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi nsato, koma ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti zazikazi za njokazi ndizapamwamba kuposa zamphongo. Kutalika kwambiri kwa anaconda kunali mamita 5.4, ndikulemera kwa 100 kg. Koma mwachilengedwe, mwina pali anthu okulirapo pang'ono. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ankhonda amatha kutalika kwa 6.7 mita ndikulemera 130 kg.
Kutalika kwa njokayo ndi 3 - 4 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 50 - 70 kg. Kukula kwake kwa chokwawa kumafikira masentimita 35, pambuyo pomeza womenyedwayo watambasulidwa kukula kwake. Njoka zimakula m'miyoyo yawo yonse, zaka zoyambirira ndizolimba kwambiri kuposa pambuyo pake, koma ndibwino kuganiza kuti anthu akulu kwambiri ndi azaka zambiri.
Kanema: Anaconda
Mutu ndi wawung'ono poyerekeza ndi thupi, koma pakamwa pakatseguka ndikukula ndipo kumatha kutambasula, monga pharynx. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anaconda asamaganizire kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa wozunzidwayo. Mano ndi afupiafupi, amatha kuluma mopweteka. Koma mano alibe; ngati wovulalayo amezedwa, amangosokoneza. Malovu alibe vuto lililonse ndipo mulibe glands owopsa. Chilondacho chidzakhala chopweteka, koma chotetezeka pamoyo.
Mtundu wa anaconda umadzibisa kumbuyo komwe amakhala. Awa ndi madamu, madzi osaya, kotentha. Mtundu wa thupi uli pafupi ndi matope, obiriwira-obiriwira. Kumbuyo kuli mizere iwiri yakuda, yabulauni, mawanga abulauni. Zili zozungulira kapena zazitali mpaka masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake, mtundu wolimba, osinthasintha poyang'ana. Ndipo pambali pali mikwingwirima yopepuka yokutidwa ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina mawanga amakhala opanda pake, onga mphete, kapena osakhazikika. Makulidwe amtunduwu ndi ochokera pa 1 mpaka masentimita 3. Msana wa njoka nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda kuposa mimba.
Kodi anaconda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Anaconda wamkulu
Malo okhala anaconda pafupifupi kontinenti yonse - South America, kupatula gawo lakumwera. Zachidziwikire, nyengo m'malo onse siyabwino kuti njoka ikhalemo, popeza pali mtunda wautali kwambiri kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kumtunda. Kum'maŵa kwa Anaconda, malo okhala anyaniwa ndi mayiko monga Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, ndi French Guiana. Chilumba cha Trinidad chimasiyanitsidwa padera.
Tikayang'ana ma subspecies, ndiye kuti chimphona cha anaconda chimakhala m'malo otentha onse. Paraguay, motsatana, ku Paraguay, komanso Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Bolivia. Deschauerskaya imangowoneka kumpoto kwa Brazil. Ndipo subspecies Eunectes beniensis amakhala kumadera otentha okha a ku Bolivia.
Anacondas amakonda madambo, madzi kapena mitsinje yodekha. Njoka sizimakonda mphamvu yamphamvu; zimakonda kudekha kuti zigwirizane ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Amatha kusambira ndikukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mavavu apadera amaphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka mphuno kuti aletse chinyezi kulowa munjira yopumira.
Anacondas amatha kuuma pagombe kapena mitengo padzuwa lotseguka, koma amafunikira chinyezi, amaonetsetsa kuti ali pafupi ndi dziwe. Kukhazikika kwa mimba ngati mamba kumawathandiza kuyenda pamtunda. Thupi lamphamvu lamphamvu limagwiritsa ntchito kuphwanya kwa chivundikiro chakunja ndipo, potero, limasinthasintha mwanjira iliyonse, limayenda msanga.
Ngati madamu awuma, njoka siyingakhalepo mwachizolowezi. Kuti ipulumuke nthawi yovuta, imadzibisa yokha pansi pa dambo lakale, lanyumba komanso lankhaninkhani, ndipo imatha kuchita dzanzi mpaka nthawi yabwinoko.
Kodi anaconda amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Anaconda akudya
Chifukwa cha kulimba kwa nsagwada ndi pharynx, wokhala ndi zotanuka, anaconda amatha kumeza nyama yomwe imaposa kukula kwake. Komabe, sizovuta nthawi zonse, ndipo kutulutsa kwamiyeso yotere sikudzalowa mkamwa mwako momwe. Zimachitika mwanjira ina - poyesera kuukira, mwachitsanzo, ng'ona, iyenso amakhala wovulalayo. Koma zoona zake ndizakuti.
Komabe, chakudya cha anaconda chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono, zomwe ndi:
- nyama zazing'ono (mbewa vole, capybaras, agouti, ngakhale nkhosa zamphongo ndi agalu pafupi ndi gawo laulimi zitha kukhala nyama yawo);
- zokwawa (achule, iguana, abuluzi);
- akamba;
- mbalame zam'madzi;
- mtundu wawo (nsato, ngakhalenso zinkhanira) ndizocheperako;
- nsomba nthawi zosowa.
Kusaka kumachitika motere: Anaconda amabisalira m'madzi ndikuwona yemwe angakodwe naye. Maso ake samanyezimira, chifukwa anthuwa amamuyesa maso ake ngati matsenga. Panthaŵi yoyenera, nyaniyo amalasa thupi lonse mwa wovulalayo mwakamodzi, ngakhale osagwiritsa ntchito mano ake. Thupi lake limapanikiza nthiti za nyamayo, kuilepheretsa kupuma, komanso amathanso kuthyola mafupa ake.
Kenako amangoyimeza nyamayo bwinobwino. Tsopano safunikira kuda nkhawa ndi chakudya chake cha sabata, kapenanso miyezi isanakwane. Amakhuta pang'ono pang'ono ndikulandila michere, pang'onopang'ono kugaya zomwe zili m'mimba mwa kugona. Zilonda zam'mimba ndizolimba kwambiri mwakuti ngakhale mafupa amatha kugayidwa. Anaconda sadzafuna kudzadya nthawi ina posachedwa.
Pokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu chonchi, safunikira poizoni, chifukwa nthawi zonse amatha kuphwanya wovulalayo mofanana nawo komanso osaluma. Milandu yakudya anzawo imakhalanso yofala pakati pa anacondas.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Giant Anaconda
Chikhalidwe cha ankhonda sichimachita chidwi. Amatha kunama kwa maola ambiri osasuntha konse. Nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti samakhalanso ndi moyo. Mwinanso, kuthengo, izi ndizomwe zidapangidwira, anaconda amaphatikizika ndi chilengedwe ndipo palibe amene amaukhudza. Monga njoka zonse, anacondas nthawi ndi nthawi amatha kusungunuka. Kenako amafunika kuchita mayendedwe othandizira thupi. Amadzipukuta ndikupaka pansi ndi miyala mosungira. Masambawo amachotsedwa kwathunthu, amachotsedwa ngati katundu ndipo amakhalabe m'madzi. Njoka yatsopanoyi ikupitilizabe moyo wake pakhungu latsopano.
Anacondas sangakhale opanda chinyezi. Zachidziwikire, zimachitika kuti zimatuluka kukagona padzuwa kapena kudzimangirira pachubu chamtengo, koma posakhalitsa zimabwerera m'malo awo ozolowereka. Njoka zikawona kuti dziwe lawo likuuma, ndiye kuti ikufuna ina. Nthawi zambiri amatsatira zomwe zikuchitika mpaka pansi pamitsinje. M'nyengo yachilala, ankhondabe amaikidwa m'manda, kufunafuna malo ozizira okhala ndi madzi ambiri. Kumeneku, amatha kuchita dzanzi miyezi ingapo mvula isanafike mitsinje ikudzaza.
Anacondas ndi nyama zachete kotero kuti ngati simufufuza dala, mwina simungawapeze. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adasankhidwa kukhala amodzi okha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Kuchokera kumamvekedwe amatulutsa mkokomo wochepa chabe. Kutalika kwa moyo wa ankhondazi sikudziwika kwenikweni. Awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi moyo wotsika kwambiri mu ukapolo. Terrariums amatha kuthandiza moyo wa anacondas kwa zaka 5 mpaka 6. Zikuwonekeratu kuti m'chilengedwe nthawi imeneyi ndi yayitali, koma sizikudziwika kuti yayitali bwanji.
Mwachitsanzo, mbiri yamoyo wa anaconda mu ukapolo yolembedwa zaka 28. Apanso, sizokayikitsa kuti munthu amatha kupulumuka masoka achilengedwe popanda zotsatirapo, ndipo, mwina, kutalika kwa moyo wamtunduwu kuli kwinakwake pazambiri izi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Anaconda nyama
Anacondas amakhala moyo wawokha, osalumikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuwukira ndikudya abale awo ngati ali otsika kwa iwo kukula. Nthawi yokhwima yokha imayamba kulumikizana mosagwirizana.
Amuna amayamba kuthamangitsa akazi. Amapezeka mosavuta panjira ya fetid yomwe amasiya mwadala, akakhala kuti akufuna kukwatirana. Kawirikawiri ofunsira angapo amakwawa pambuyo pa mkazi m'modzi. Amuna amayamba kumenyana. Zimaphatikizana ndikufinya mdani, kuphatikizana mu mpira. Kulephera kupirira kukakamizidwa kumachotsedwa posachedwa. Ubwino wake umakhala ndi amuna akulu. Wopambana amapeza mwayi wokwatirana ndi wamkazi.
Nthawi yolera imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, mkazi samasuntha ndipo samadya kalikonse. Amachepa kwambiri, nthawi zina amachepetsa theka. Anacondas ndi zokwawa za ovoviviparous. Ana amatuluka m'mazira akadali m'mimba ndikutuluka ngati njoka, kutalika kwa theka la mita. Pali 30 - 50 mwa izi mu zinyalala imodzi. Njoka zazing'ono ndizokonzekera kukhalapo pawokha. Gawo laling'ono lokha ndi lomwe limapulumuka. Ngakhale zili zazing'ono, zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha nyama zina komanso ankhondowa ena akale.
Adani achilengedwe a anaconda
Chithunzi: Boa constrictor anaconda
Anaconda wamkulu amakhala ndi adani ochepa kwambiri pakati pa nyama zomwe zimakhala mozungulira. Ndi ochepa omwe angapikisane nawo mwamphamvu. Ngakhale ng'ona, kutali ndi kuukira anaconda nthawi zonse, zitha kuigonjetsa. Kuopsa kwa zolengedwa izi kumawopsezedwa kwambiri muubwana, pomwe sikadali olimba kwambiri. Amatha kudyedwa makamaka ndi anacondas akale kapena nsato. Ndipo ng'ona zimatha kuthana nazo mosavuta. Koma ngati anaconda atachita bwino, ngakhale atakhala ndi zovuta zambiri pamoyo wamwana, kuti akhale wamkulu, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe angasokoneze kukhazikika kwake.
Akuluakulu, ndi anthu okha omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anaconda. Alenje aku India amawapha pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Palibe zolephera. Ngati munthu akufuna kudzipezera yekha njoka yakufa, amatha. Amakumbidwa makamaka pofuna nyama. Chakudyachi ndi chotchuka kwambiri ku South America. Amadyedwa ndi onse akumaloko komanso oyendera alendo. Ndiwosakhwima komanso wotsekemera, anthu ambiri amaukonda. Khungu la njoka ndilofunikanso kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala zamafashoni ndi zina zambiri. Khungu la njoka limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza zokongoletsa mipando komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazokongoletsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Anaconda wautali
Anacondas amafunikira malo okhala, omwe munthu samayandikira kawirikawiri. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuyenda maulendo atchire, kukafufuza matupi amadzi ndi zomwe zili. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kuyerekezera pafupifupi pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa anaconda.
Zinyama zochotsera zinyama zimapambana nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka kupeza anthu oyenera. Kusaka ankhondas okhalamo sikuima ndipo sikubweretsa zovuta, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwawo ndi kochulukirapo. Pafupi ndiulimi, pali milandu ya anangula yomwe imazunza ziweto, zomwe zikuwonetsanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Zachidziwikire, zambiri sizinalembedwe za ankhonda m'buku lofiira, chitetezo chimati - "chiwopsezo sichinayesedwe." Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti zamoyozi sizili pangozi ndipo zili ndi zofunikira zonse kuti pakhale moyo wabwino komanso kuberekana. Zowonadi, nkhalango zamvula, nkhalango ndi madambo ndizomwe sizingathe kuwukiridwa ndi anthu, chitukuko, zokopa alendo komanso kuwononga chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wabwinobwino wa ankhondazo sizifika msanga posachedwa. Anaconda atha kukhala mwamtendere, anthu ake sanawopsezebe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/18/2019 pa 10:17
