Nkhumba yonyamulidwa ndi Vietnamese ya nkhumba ndi ya mtundu watsopano wa nkhumba zoweta, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ku Canada ndi Eastern Europe zaka zopitilira 30 zapitazo kuchokera ku Vietnam. Pakadali pano, ntchito yoswana ikupitilizabe, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza mawonekedwe amtunduwu kuti uwonjezere kukula ndi minofu. Ntchito yogwira kwambiri tsopano ikuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Canada, Hungary ndi Ukraine.
Kufotokozera za Vietnamese ya nkhumba yoluka
Masiku ano, nthumwi zoyera kwambiri zaku Vietnamese zimafalikira ku Canada, Southeast Asia, Hungary, Ukraine ndi Romania. Posachedwa, obereketsa nkhumba zaku Asia zodyetsa zidapezeka ku Belarus ndi Russia, komwe mtunduwu udakalipobe, koma ndikulonjeza.
Ndizosangalatsa! Oimira mtunduwo amasinthidwa osati nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha ya ku Asia, komanso nyengo yozizira yovuta yaku Canada ndi Central Europe.
Mimba ya Vietnamese imakhwima msanga, chifukwa chake amakula msinkhu wazaka 4-6.... Nyama izi zimagwiritsa ntchito msipu wamba. Ubwino wamtunduwu umaphatikizaponso chitetezo chokwanira, kupanga mkaka wabwino komanso psyche yoyenera ya nkhumba, zomwe zimathandizira kusamalira ana.
Maonekedwe
Nyama ya nyama yankhumba imamanga, yokhala ndi thupi lotakata komanso lonyansa lomwe lili ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso chotukuka. Ma Gilts ndi nkhumba zazikulu zimakhala ndi mimba yopepuka komanso yayikulu. Mutu ndi waung'ono kukula, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Pa nthawi yakutha msinkhu, nkhumba zakutchire zimadziwika ndikukula kwa ma canines, omwe kukula kwake kumatha kufikira 10-15 masentimita azaka zitatu.
Makutu akumva ndi ochepa. Akuluakulu amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa ma bristles ataliatali m'derali kuchokera ku croup mpaka khosi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a "mohawk". Kukhumudwa kapena kusangalala kwanyama yanyama ngati imeneyi kumatha kutsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a "Mohawk".
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi za nkhumba zamphesa zaku Vietnam zomwe mtundu wokongoletsera wotchuka kwambiri wotchedwa mini-nkhumba (kuchokera ku English mini - yaying'ono, ndi nkhumba - nkhumba) zidawonekera posachedwa.
Oimira oyerawo amtunduwu amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, komanso utoto wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera m'mutu ndi ziboda. Nthawi zina m'mitengo, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a ana omwe ali ndi mtundu wofanana ndi nguluwe. Kufiira kwakuda koteroko ndi utoto wakutali ndi utoto wowala kwambiri sizofanana ndi oimira mtunduwu.
Moyo, machitidwe
Nkhumba zankhanza zaku Vietnam zili m'gulu la nyama zosadzichepetsa zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso ukhondo wamkati.... Potsatira malamulo onse osunga, nyama sizikhala ndi matenda, zimasinthasintha msanga mndende. Nyama zimadya bwino ndikudyetsa mosavuta.
Oimira mtunduwo, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufulumira kwawo, komanso kukhala chete, samakonza ma tunnel ndipo samapanga phokoso popanda chifukwa. Nkhumba zaku Asia zodyetsa sizisangalatsa anthu okha, komanso nyama zina zilizonse zaulimi kapena zoweta. Ndi chifukwa cha kuthekera kosavuta kucheza ndi anthu, kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chabwino komanso kukula pang'ono, komanso mawonekedwe osazolowereka omwe nkhumba zaku Asia zakhala zikufalikira m'zaka zaposachedwa m'maiko ambiri monga nyama zotchedwa anzawo.
Zakudya zodyetsa nkhumba zaku Vietnamese
Alimi ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo adakwanitsa kuzindikira kuyenera kosatsutsika kwa nthumwi za mitundu yoopsa ya ku Asia. Mukamasunga nkhumba zaku Vietnamese, ndalama zochulukirapo sizikufunika, palibe zovuta pakukonzekera chakudyacho, ndipo ndalama zenizeni zitha kupezeka munthawi yochepa.
Zakudya za nkhumba
Malamulo oyambira kudyetsa ana a nkhumba omwe ali ndi mphika ku Vietnamese:
- mpaka zaka miyezi iwiri, muyenera kudyetsa nkhumbayo kasanu ndi kawiri patsiku, zomwe zimapereka chimbudzi cholondola komanso chosasokoneza, kupanga madzi okwanira am'mimba;
- Tikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsa ana a nkhumba a miyezi iwiri ndikudya katatu patsiku ndikubweretsa beets wophika, mbatata, dzungu ndi tirigu. Kusakaniza kochokera pama Whey, nyemba zam'mimba ndi nettle kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Mulingo wodyetsa wokwanira ndi 3 kg;
- ali ndi miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amafunika kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni pazakudya, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku lililonse mpaka 4 kg;
- Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha ana a nkhumba chimakwera kufika pafupifupi 6.0-6.5 makilogalamu, ndipo kuti muwonjezere kunenepa, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chonyowa, chophatikizira komanso chosiyanasiyana.
Njira yonse yodzinenepetsa ana amchere amtundu waku Asia zokhazokha zimatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu, iliyonse yomwe imadziwika ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi msinkhu wa ziweto:
- Nthawi ya mkaka milungu inayi yoyambirira yonenepa imatsagana ndi kuyamwa kuyamwa kwa ana a nkhumba m'chiberekero. Pakadali pano, mkaka wathunthu wa mbuzi kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe uyenera kupezeka pazakudya;
- Nthawi yolerera imatenga milungu inayi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu kuchokera pakubadwa ndipo imakhala yabwino pakukula kwa mafupa ndikumanga minofu. Tizilombo ta msinkhuwu timadyetsa udzu wachinyamata wokongola, ndipo mavitamini okwanira amalola kuti nyama ikule bwino.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nthawi yachitatu yakudya kwakukulu, chakudya cha nkhumba yodyedwa ndi mphika chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndikuwononga masamba, kuphatikiza masamba a mbatata, omwe amachititsa kuti mapangidwe okwanira azikhala owoneka bwino.
Zakudya zazikulu za nkhumba
M'nyengo yozizira, pazifukwa zachilengedwe, chakudya chobiriwira chatsopano sichimaperekedwa pazakudya za mimba zaku Vietnam... Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musankhe bwino masamba obiriwira. Maziko odalirika kwambiri azakudya m'nyengo yozizira atha kukhala kuti chakudya chimaperekedwa:
- udzu wa nyemba;
- udzu wa tirigu wina;
- mbewu zambewu;
- Zakudya zamadzimadzi monga kaloti, maapulo, mbatata ndi maungu;
- chakudya chopangidwa mwakonzeka;
- chinangwa chimanga.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ma chestnut ndi ma acorn omwe adakololedwa komanso omwe adakomedwa amakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso zokolola za ziweto. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere zida zodyerazi ndi mitundu yonse yazowonjezera mchere. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chamagulu cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimagawika katatu kapena kanayi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumasankhidwa kutengera msinkhu wa nyama. Kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu yayikulu, ndibwino kuti muzisinthana pakati pamafunso amadzimadzi osiyanasiyana, m'malo mwa masamba ndi zipatso.
Pofika nyengo yachilimwe, kuchuluka kwa zophatikizira ndi zophatikizira zamagulu pazakudya zonse ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala pafupifupi 20-25%... Otsalira 75-80% ayenera kukhala ndi zitsamba, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa mitundu ya nkhumba zaku Vietnam zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphika ndizosinthasintha bwino momwe zimadyetserako ziweto, chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, ngati kuli kotheka kukonza mulingo wokwanira, ndikofunikira kuti gulu lodyetserako ziweto liziwonekere. Nkhumba ziyenera kumasulidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo kuti zizidyera m'khola lakunja.
Gawo lomaliza lakunenepa nkhumba zazikulu zaku Asia zodyetsa, cholinga chachikulu ndikupeza kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kukonza mikhalidwe ya nyama. Munthawi imeneyi, poyang'ana zolinga izi, woweta amasintha pang'ono zakudya zamasiku onse ndi magawo oyenera azakudya ndi masamba.
Kapangidwe kabwino ka chakudya chophatikizana panthawi yodyetsa nkhumba zamphesa zaku Vietnam zimaperekedwa:
- barele wapamwamba kwambiri pamtengo wa 40-50% yazakudya zonse;
- tirigu mu kuchuluka kwa 25-30% ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku;
- chisakanizo cha chimanga, nandolo ndi oats mu kuchuluka kwa 25-30%.
Chakudya chobiriwira cha ziweto zodabwitsachi chimatha kudyetsedwa mochuluka osati kungoyenda kokha, komanso ndi msipu waulere m'malo odyetserako ziweto, ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri ingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito clover, nyemba ndi mbewa zotsekemera kuti izi zitheke.
Kuswana ndikukula
Mwa mitundu yonse ya nkhumba zomwe zidakwezedwa lero, ndi ziweto zaku Vietnam zomwe zimapezeka mgulu lodzichepetsa kwambiri ndikusinthasintha mwachangu pokhazikitsa njira zosungira ndi kuswana. Komabe, pakukula kwathunthu komanso kukula kwa nkhumba zodyera zaku Asia ndi ana ake, m'pofunika kukumbukira zina ndi zina zofunika posamalira:
- kupezeka kwapamwamba kwambiri, kogwiritsira ntchito bwino mpweya wabwino wa mtundu wopezeka ndi utsi, womwe udzaonetsetse kutentha kwabwino kwa ziweto zotentha nthawi yotentha;
- konkriti pansi pake wokutidwa ndi matumba apadera amtengo, osavuta kuyeretsa, komanso kupewa kuzizira kwa nkhumba zamiyala yam'miyala yozizira kwambiri;
- kupezeka kwa malo oyenda okwanira okhala ndi mvula yamlengalenga komanso kutentha kwa dzuwa;
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zikwangwani pamalo oyenda okonzeka, komanso dzenje lapadera lodzaza madzi pang'ono;
- kudyetsa mokwanira komanso koyenera, poganizira zaka zonse ndi thanzi la chiweto.
Potengera cholembera chimodzi, chopangidwa kuti chizisunga nkhumba imodzi yayikulu, nkhumba zazikulu ziwiri kapena zitatu zaku Vietnam zanyamayi zimatha kukhala bwino. Achinyamata amtunduwu nawonso safuna chisamaliro chapadera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makamaka amaperekedwa kuti azitsuka mokwanira mkhola la nkhumba mokakamiza poteteza ziwiya zodyetsera komanso malo omangidwa.
Nkhumba zongobadwa kumene ziyenera kupatsidwa kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C. Chifukwa chaichi, nthawi zambiri, makina oyikapo amayikika pamwamba pamakina, kutenthetsa mpweya.
Matenda, zofooka za mtundu
Nkhumba zaku Vietnam zomwe zimakhala ndi mphika zimadziwika kuti zimakhala zolimba, ndipo mawonekedwe amatenda nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha:
- kuchuluka kwa nyama;
- zosafunika;
- kudyetsa mosayenera;
- kunyalanyaza katemera woyenera.
Zolakwitsa pazakudya zimatha kuyambitsa matenda amadzimadzi munyama zotere, mawonekedwe a mavitamini ndi mavuto akudya. Kulephera kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana komanso owopsa, komanso kumayambitsa kuwoneka kwa majeremusi akhungu.
Matenda omwe amafalikira mwachangu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi ndi moyo wa nkhumba zaku Asia:
- matenda abodza kapena matenda a Aujeszky omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo koopsa kwambiri kamene kamakhala ndi molekyulu ya DNA yomwe imakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje la nyama;
- Matenda a m'mimba, a coronavirus, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale losowa madzi m'thupi komanso kuledzera;
- erysipelas mu mawonekedwe ovuta, amwano komanso osachiritsika, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhumba ali ndi zaka zitatu mpaka chaka chimodzi;
- salmonellosis, yomwe imayambitsa matenda am'mimba, chifukwa chake chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira chimangotsimikizira zotsatira zabwino;
- Escherichiosis, kapena colibacillosis yoyambitsidwa ndi Escherichia coli, yomwe imayamba kuchulukana ndi zolakwika pazakudya kapena chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi;
- anthrax, nthawi zambiri imadzaza ndi mawonekedwe, pomwe kukomoka kumalowedwa m'malo mwachangu ndikupha;
- nthomba ya nkhumba, yoyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kokhala ndi DNA kamene kamatsutsana kwambiri ngakhale m'malo ovuta;
- listeriosis yoyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya ya polymorphic yomwe imalowa mthupi la nyama chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khungu kapena khungu;
- matenda a circovirus, omwe amachititsa kutupa kwambiri ma lymph node ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Matenda apakhungu omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ectoparasites ndi opatsirana, koma munthawi ya chithandizo choyenera komanso chakanthawi, amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokwanira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chinyama chodwalacho chimagona kapena chimadzibisa pansi pogona, chimakhala ngati galu yemwe wakhala pansi, ndipo mwazina, kutsekula m'mimba, kutuluka m'maso kwambiri, kusowa kwa njala komanso kuchepa thupi, zochitika zamanjenje ngati kugwidwa kapena kuponyera mutu kumbuyo.
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo nsabwe ndi mphere. Nthawi zambiri, nkhumba zaku Vietnam zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphika zimatha kukhala ndi chiwombankhanga ngati ascariasis, esophagostomosis, ndi trichinosis.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za mtunduwo
Pali zabwino zina zonse ndi zovuta zake zosunga nkhumba zaku Vietnam zomwe zili ndi mphika kuseli kwa nyumba kapena kufamu.
Ubwino wosatsutsika wa kuswana nkhumba zaku Asia ndi monga:
- chakudya chochepa kwambiri chimadyedwa, ndipo pafupifupi 80% ya chakudya chonse chonenepetsa chimatha kukhala chakudya chobiriwira komanso chowotcha;
- nyama ya nkhumba yonyamulidwa ndi mphika ku Vietnam ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yofewa kwambiri, yokhala ndi nyama yankhumba pang'ono;
- Ndikofunika katemera katemera wotere, koma mwachilengedwe amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino, chifukwa chake samadwala;
- Nkhumba zamphesa zaku Vietnamese zimakhwima msanga kwambiri, ndipo zimakula msinkhu wazaka zitatu kapena zinayi;
- mu zinyalala za nkhumba zaku Asia zodyetsa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala nkhumba khumi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri;
- nkhumba zazikulu zosabereka ndi amayi otchera chidwi komanso osamala poyerekeza ndi ana awo, chifukwa chake kulera ana a nkhumba sikuyambitsa mavuto ambiri;
- Nkhumba zaku Asia zodyetsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi psyche woyenera komanso wodekha, wamakhalidwe abwino;
- ziweto zaulimi ndizoyera kwambiri, zimatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa "chipinda chogona" ndi "chimbudzi" mkatikati mwa khola, chifukwa chake kununkhira kwa nkhumba nkochepa.
Pali zolakwika zochepa mwa oimira mtundu wa Vietnamese, koma kwa wina zitha kuwoneka zazikulu. Chikhalidwe chachikulu pakusunga moyenera ndikuteteza nyama kuzinthu zooneka ndi chinyezi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti nkhumba zaku Asia zodyetsa bwino zimakhwima, ndibwino kuti nkhumba isanakwane isanakwane miyezi isanu, itakwana 30 kg kapena kupitilira apo, yomwe imalola kukhala ndi ana olimba komanso athanzi.
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi msinkhu wa nkhumba komanso zoyenera kugaya chakudya, chifukwa chake mpunga wosagayika bwino uyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Ndemanga za eni
Nkhumba zaku Vietnam kapena zaku Asia zomwe zidadyetsa nkhumba zidayamba ku Russia posachedwa, kotero alimi oweta komanso eni nyumba alibe chidziwitso chokwanira pakuweta.Komabe, eni ake a ziweto zoterezi adakwanitsa kale kuzindikira zabwino zawo pakuweta nkhumba zachikhalidwe. Chimodzi mwazodziwika za mtunduwu ndichifukwa chakukula kwake, mawonekedwe abwino komanso chikhalidwe chamtendere. Mwazina, ngakhale mawonekedwe aposachedwa mdziko lathu, nkhumba zazing'ono zamtunduwu zimasowa, ndipo mtengo wake ndiotsika mtengo.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Bakha la Bashkir
Eni achangu omwe ali ndi famu yothandizirana posachedwapa asankha kulima nkhumba zaku Vietnam.... Nyama zotere sizikusowa kuyesetsa, nthawi ndi ndalama, koma posankha nkhumba yayikulu, muyenera kuganizira za kukhalapo kwa thupi lolimba, logogoda komanso mimba yopanda pake.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nkhumba yabwino iyenera kukhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, chifuwa chachikulu ndi mutu, komanso chovala chofanana. Njira yabwino kwambiri yogulira nyama ingakhale munda womwe nkhumba zodalirika zimagulitsidwa, ndipo akatswiri ali okonzeka kulangiza za kusamalira oimira mtunduwo.
Kuthamanga kwakukula ndi kunenepa kwawo, komanso chonde ndi thanzi la nkhumba, zomwe pamapeto pake zimatsimikizira kupambana koswana ziweto, zimatengera mtundu wa ana ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka. Ngati mukufuna kugula nyama za amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana ndi cholinga chokwatirana ndi ana, simungagule nkhumba ku nkhumba imodzi.
Nkhumba zodwala zaku Asia zomwe sizimadya chilichonse, zilibe ntchito, zilibe chilakolako chofuna kudya komanso zimadetsa pa malaya. Mavuto azaumoyo amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zotsalira za ndowe zouma pansi pa mchira. Mulimonsemo, musanagule, khalidwe la nkhumba yonyamula mphika yaku Vietnam iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
