Velociraptor (Velociraptor) amatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini ngati "wosaka mwachangu". Oimira amtunduwu amapatsidwa gawo la ma bipedal dinosaurs odyetsa ochokera kubanja laling'ono la Velociraptorin komanso banja la Dromaeosaurida. Mtunduwo umatchedwa Velociraptor mongoliensis.
Kufotokozera kwa Velociraptor
Zokwawa zonga buluzi zinakhala kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Cretaceous, pafupifupi zaka 83-70 miliyoni zapitazo... Zotsalira za dinosaur zolusa zinayamba kupezeka mdera la Republic of Mongolia. Malinga ndi asayansi, ma velociraptors anali ochepa kwambiri kuposa oimira banja lalikulu kwambiri. Akuluakulu kuposa chilombo ichi anali Dakotaraptors, Utaraptors ndi Achillobators. Komabe, Velociraptors analinso ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a anatomical.
Maonekedwe
Pamodzi ndi ma theropod ena ambiri, ma Velociraptors onse anali ndi zala zinayi pamapazi awo akumbuyo. Chimodzi mwa zala izi chinali chitukuke ndipo sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chilombocho poyenda, choncho abuluzi amangoponda zala zazikulu zitatu. Dromaeosaurids, kuphatikiza ma velociraptors, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha chala chachitatu ndi chachinayi. Chala chachiwiri chinali chokhomera mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso chachikulu, chomwe chimakula mpaka 65-67 mm (monga chimayesedwa ndi m'mbali mwake). M'mbuyomu, claw ngati ameneyu anali chida chachikulu cha buluzi wodya nyama, yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholinga chopha ndikung'amba nyama.
Posachedwa, chitsimikiziro choyesera chinapezeka pamalingaliro akuti zikhadabo zotere sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi velociraptor ngati tsamba, lomwe limafotokozedwa ndikupezeka kwa mawonekedwe ozungulira kwambiri m'mphepete mwamkati. Mwa zina, nsonga yakuthwa mokwanira sinathe kuthyola khungu la nyama, koma imangokhoza kuboola. Mwinanso, zikhadazo zinali ngati mtundu wa ngowe, mothandizidwa ndi buluzi wokhoza kudya kuti athe kumamatira nyama yake ndikuigwira. N'kutheka kuti kuwongola kwa zikhadazo kunathandiza kuti nyamayo ipyoze mitsempha ya khomo lachiberekero kapena trachea.
Chida chowopsa kwambiri mu zida za Velociraptor mwachidziwikire chinali nsagwada, zomwe zinali ndi mano akuthwa komanso akulu. Chigoba cha Velociraptor sichinapitirire kotala la mita. Chigaza cha nyamayo chinali chachitali chokhotakhota ndi chopindika m'mwamba. Pamasaya apansi ndi kumtunda, mano 26-28 anali, osiyana m'mbali zosanjikiza. Mano anali ndi mipata yowonekera komanso kupindika kumbuyo, komwe kunkawathandiza kuti azigwira ndikung'amba mwachangu nyama yomwe wagwirayo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malinga ndi akatswiri ena ofufuza zinthu zakale, kupezeka kwa mapiko a nthenga zoyambirira, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mbalame zamakono, pazithunzi za Velociraptor, zitha kukhala chitsimikiziro chakupezeka kwa nthenga mu buluzi wodya nyama.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a biomechanical, nsagwada zakumunsi za Velociraptors mosakayikira zimafanana ndi nsagwada za wowonera wamba wa Komodo, zomwe zidalola kuti nyamayo idule mosavuta ngakhale nyama yayikulu kwambiri. Kutengera mawonekedwe a nsagwada, mpaka posachedwapa, tanthauzo lomasulira la moyo wa buluzi wodya nyama ngati wosaka nyama zazing'ono sikuwoneka ngati zosatheka masiku ano.
Kusintha kwabwino kwambiri kwa mchira wa Velociraptor kunachepetsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa mafupa a mafupa a vertebrae ndi matope otayika. Kunali kutuluka kwa mafupa komwe kunatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa chinyama motsatana, chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri pakuyenda mwachangu kwambiri.
Miyeso ya Velociraptor
Ma Velociraptors anali ma dinosaurs ang'onoang'ono, mpaka 1.7-1.8 m kutalika komanso osapitilira 60-70 cm kutalika komanso olemera mkati mwa 22 kg... Ngakhale saizi yayikulu kwambiri, machitidwe aukali a buluzi wowononga ngati uyu anali owonekeratu ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe apeza ambiri. Ubongo wa velociraptors, wa ma dinosaurs, ndiwokulirapo kwambiri, zomwe zimati chiwombankhanga chotere ndi m'modzi mwa oimira anzeru kwambiri pabanja la Velociraptorin komanso banja la Dromaeosaurid.
Moyo, machitidwe
Ofufuza m'maiko osiyanasiyana omwe amafufuza zotsalira za ma dinosaurs zomwe zimapezeka munthawi zosiyanasiyana amakhulupirira kuti Velociraptors nthawi zambiri amasaka okha, ndipo nthawi zambiri samalumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti athandizire izi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nyamayo inadzikonzekeretsa nyama yake, ndiyeno buluzi wolusayo anamugwirira. Wovutitsidwayo atafuna kuthawa kapena kubisala m'malo ena, ndiye kuti theropod imamupeza.
Ndi kuyesayesa kulikonse kwa wozunzidwayo kuti adziteteze, dinosaur wolusa, mwachiwonekere, nthawi zambiri amakonda kusankha kubwerera kwawo, kuwopa kugundidwa ndi mutu kapena mchira wamphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, ma velociraptors adatha kutenga zomwe amati kudikira kuti awone mawonekedwe. Nyamayo itangopatsidwa mwayi, idayambiranso nyama yake, mwachangu komanso mwachangu ndi nyamayo. Atafika pamalopo, a Velociraptor adayesa kulanda zikhadabo ndi mano awo m'khosi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakufufuza mwatsatanetsatane, asayansi adatha kupeza izi: kuyerekezera kuthamanga kwa wamkulu Velociraptor (Velociraptor) adafika 40 km / h.
Monga lamulo, mabala omwe adachitidwa ndi chilombocho anali owopsa, limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamitsempha yayikulu ndi trachea ya nyama, zomwe mosakayikira zidapangitsa kuti nyama iwonongeke. Pambuyo pake, Velociraptors anang'ambika ndi mano akuthwa ndi zikhadabo, kenako adadya nyama yawo. Pakudya, nyama yolusa idayimirira mwendo umodzi, koma imatha kukhazikika. Pozindikira kuthamanga ndi njira yoyendera ma dinosaurs, makamaka, kuphunzira za mawonekedwe awo, komanso zotsalira, kumathandiza.
Utali wamoyo
Velociraptors amayenera kukhala pakati pa mitundu yodziwika bwino, yodziwika bwino chifukwa chothamanga, yopyapyala komanso yopyapyala, komanso fungo labwino, koma chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo sichidapitilira zaka zana.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Ma dimorphism azakugonana amatha kudziwonetsa m'zinyama, kuphatikiza ma dinosaurs, mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, kupezeka kwake ku Velociraptors pakadali pano kulibe umboni wotsimikizika wasayansi.
Mbiri yakupezeka
Velociraptors analipo zaka mamiliyoni angapo zapitazo, kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Cretaceous, koma tsopano pali mitundu ingapo:
- mitundu yamitundu (Velociraptor mongoliensis);
- mitundu Velociraptor osmolskae.
Malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane amtundu wamtunduwo ndi a Henry Osborne, yemwe adafanana ndi buluzi wodya nyama mu 1924, ataphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zotsalira za velociraptor zomwe zidapezeka mu Ogasiti 1923. Mafupa a dinosaur amtunduwu adapezeka ku Mongolian Gobi Desert a Peter Kaizen... N'zochititsa chidwi kuti cholinga cha ulendowu, chokonzedwa ndi American Museum of Natural History, chinali kupeza zochitika za anthu akale, kotero kupezeka kwa zotsalira za mitundu yambiri ya ma dinosaurs, kuphatikizapo velociraptors, zinali zodabwitsa komanso zosakonzekera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zotsalazo, zoyimiridwa ndi chigaza ndi zikhadabo zamiyendo yakumbuyo ya velociraptors, zidapezeka koyamba mu 1922, komanso nthawi ya 1988-1990. Asayansi ochokera ku Sino-Canada omwe adayenda nawo adasonkhanitsanso mafupa a buluziyo, koma akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale ku Mongolia ndi ku United States adayambiranso kugwira ntchito patatha zaka zisanu atatulukira.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa buluzi wodya nyama udafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane zaka zingapo zapitazo, mkatikati mwa 2008. Kupeza mawonekedwe a Velociraptor osmolskae kunatheka kokha chifukwa chophunzira mosamalitsa zakale, kuphatikiza chigaza cha dinosaur wamkulu yemwe adatengedwa mgawo la China ku Gobi Desert mu 1999. Kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi, zomwe zidapezedwa zachilendo zimangotola fumbi pa shelufu, kotero kafukufuku wofunikira adachitika pokhapokha pakubwera ukadaulo wamakono.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Oimira amtundu wa Velociraptor, banja la Dromaeosaurida, Theropod suborder, dongosolo longa la Buluzi ndi woyang'anira wamkulu wa Dinosaur zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo anali ofala kwambiri m'magawo omwe ali m'chipululu chamakono cha Gobi (Mongolia ndi kumpoto kwa China).
Zakudya za Velociraptor
Zokwawa zazing'onoting'ono zodya nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizimatha kuyankha dinosaur. Komabe, mafupa a pterosaur, cholengedwa chokwawa chachikulu kwambiri chowuluka, apezeka ndi ofufuza aku Ireland ochokera ku University College Dublin. Zidutswazo zinali mkati mwachindunji mwa zotsalira za mafupa a kachilombo kakang'ono koopsa kamene kamakhala m'madera a Chipululu chamakono cha Gobi.
Malinga ndi asayansi akunja, kupezeka kotereku kukuwonetseratu kuti ma velociraptors onse pamafunde amatha kukhala owononga, omwe amatha kumeza mafupa omwe alinso akulu kukula. Fupa lomwe linapezalo silinapeze asidi m'mimba, kotero akatswiri amati buluzi wodya nyama uja samakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali atangoyamwa. Asayansi amakhulupiriranso kuti ma Velociraptors ang'onoang'ono amatha kuba mazira kuzisa kapena kupha nyama zazing'ono mwakachetechete komanso mwachangu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Velociraptors anali ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali komanso yayitali bwino, chifukwa chake dinosaur wolusa adayamba kuthamanga kwambiri ndipo amatha kupezako nyama yake mosavuta.
Nthawi zambiri, ozunzidwa ndi Velociraptor adakulirakulira kwambiri, koma chifukwa chaukali komanso kutha kusaka paketi, mdani wotere wa buluzi nthawi zonse amakhala wogonjetsedwa ndikudya. Mwa zina, zatsimikiziridwa kuti nyama zodya nyama zimadya protoceratops. Mu 1971, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale omwe amagwira ntchito m'chipululu cha Gobi adapeza mafupa a ma dinosaurs, Velociraptor ndi protoceratops wamkulu, omwe adalimbana.
Kubereka ndi ana
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ma Velociraptors adachulukana nthawi yopanga mazira, pomwe kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyamwitsa, mwana wamphongo adabadwa.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Stegosaurus (Chilatini Stegosaurus)
- Tarbosaurus (lat. Tarbosaurus)
- Pterodactyl (Chilatini Pterodactylus)
- Megalodon (lat. Cararodon megalodon)
Pochirikiza lingaliro ili tinganene kuti kungakhale kulumikizana pakati pa mbalame ndi ma dinosaurs ena, kuphatikiza Velociraptor.
Adani achilengedwe
Velociraptors ndi am'banja la ma dromaeosaurids, chifukwa chake ali ndizofunikira kwambiri pabanjali.... Pogwirizana ndi zidziwitso zoterezi, zilombo zoterezi zinalibe adani achilengedwe apadera, ndipo ma dinosaurs okhwima kwambiri komanso odya kwambiri amatha kuyimira ngozi yayikulu kwambiri.
