Mwachilengedwe, nsomba yotchedwa "lalius" mwachangu imasakira tizilombo tomwe timauluka - imasambira mpaka kumtunda ndipo "imawombera" mtsinje wamadzi, ndikudya chinthu chokhacho.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yokongola kwambiri ya labyrinth, lalius, imakula mpaka mainchesi awiri okhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya lofanana ndi ellse wamba... Ili m'banja la macropods (Osphronemidae) ndipo posachedwapa asintha dzina lodziwika bwino loti Colisa lalia kukhala Trichogaster lalius. Zinalembedwa pansi pa dzina Trichogaster lalius pa IUCN Red List (2018) yokhala ndi dzina loti "zosafunikira kwenikweni".
Zipsepse za m'chiuno mwa lalius, zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa ma pectorals, zimakhala ngati gawo lothandizira, ndikusandulika ulusi 2 wautali. Akatswiri azachikhalidwe amafotokoza kusinthaku ndikukhala m'madzi amatope: "ndevu" zimathandizira kufufuza pansi ndikupewa zopinga. Zipsepse za caudal, anal, ndi dorsal zimakongoletsedwa ndi malire ofiira, awiri omalizira amakhala ataliatali kwambiri kotero kuti amayamba kotala yoyamba ya thupi ndikungoyenderera pang'ono.
Zofunika! Lyalius ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi amuna - amuna amakhala okulirapo (mpaka masentimita 5.5), owoneka bwino kwambiri, amatambasula zipsepse zokhala ndi malekezero (mwa akazi amakhala ozungulira) ndi mimba yosalala. Nthawi zambiri tinyanga timakhala tofiira muimuna, chachikaso mwa mkazi.
Lalius wamba amakhala amizere. Thupi, mikwingwirima yofiira ndi yasiliva imalowetsedwa, ndikuphimba zipsepse. Akazi sali owala ngati amuna: monga lamulo, akazi amakhala ndi thupi lofiirira ngati mikwingwirima. Amuna ndi owala kwambiri - thupi lasiliva limayang'ana mizere yofiira ndi yabuluu, yokutidwa ndi mimba yofiirira.
Mu 1979, akatswiri am'madzi aku West Germany adabweretsa Trichogaster lalius ndi utoto watsopano, womwe udalandira dzina lamalonda "red lalius". Amuna a mawonekedwe opangidwa mochenjerawa amakhala ndi malankhulidwe ofiira ofiira mosiyana ndi mutu wabuluu wobiriwira. Lalius wofiira ndi imodzi mwamadzi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, koma owetawo sanayime chilili ndipo anatulutsa mitundu ingapo yosangalatsa - ya buluu, yobiriwira, cobalt, utawaleza ndi coral lalius.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Dziko lakwawo la Lalius ndi India. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'maiko monga:
- Assam;
- West Bengal;
- Arunachal Pradesh;
- Bihar;
- Uttarakhand;
- Manipur;
- Uttar Pradesh.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsombazi zimakhala ku Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal ndi Republic of Indonesia. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, lalius adayambitsidwa bwino ku Singapore, Colombia ndi USA. Malo omwe mumakonda ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi masamba owirira, mwachitsanzo, pamtsinje wa Baram (chilumba cha Borneo), Brahmaputra ndi Ganges.
Ndizosangalatsa! Trichogaster lalius saopa matupi amadzi odetsedwa ndipo amakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yakuya, yotenthetsa bwino, nyanja ndi mayiwe, ngalande zothirira ndi minda ya mpunga.
Lyalius samangokhalira kukonda madzi, chifukwa amatha kupuma osati ndi ma gill (monga onse am'banja), komanso ndi limba lapadera la labyrinth lomwe limatenga mpweya kuchokera pamwamba.
Lalius wokhutira
Amadzi aku America ndi ku Europe amatcha Lalius gourami wamtengo wapatali, zomwe sizosadabwitsa - nsombazi ndizofanana kwambiri... Ngakhale kudzichepetsa kwa lalius, sikupezeka m'madzi am'madzi aku Russia, omwe amafotokozedwa ndimavuto obereketsa komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri. Utali wa nsomba ndi pafupifupi zaka 2-3, ngakhale nthawi zina chithunzi china chimamveka ngati zaka 4.
Kukonzekera kwa aquarium, voliyumu
Lyaliusi safuna zotengera zazikulu, chifukwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira madzi kuthengo: malita 10-15 azikhala okwanira nsomba zingapo, mpaka malita 40 pagulu lalikulu. Komabe, ngakhale banja lalikulu la lalius lidzakhazikika mu aquarium yaying'ono, komabe, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti iwo abisala mu lalikulu. Mwa magawo onse amadzi, imodzi yokha ndiyofunikira - kutentha kwake, komwe kumayenera kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa + 24 + 28 degrees.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutentha kwamadzi am'madzi a mu aquarium ndi mpweya wozungulira ziyenera kufanana momwe zingathere. Kupanda kutero, Trichogaster lalius, yolowetsa mpweya m'mlengalenga, imatha kuzizira.
Madzi a m'nyanjayi amakhazikitsidwa pakona yabata, chifukwa cha mantha a Lalius, yemwe amawopa kukangana ndi phokoso lililonse. Mosungiramo amakhala wokutidwa ndi galasi la akiliriki, popeza nsomba zimakonda kusambira pamwamba. Pachifukwa chomwechi, ndere zoyandama zimayikidwa pamadzi kuti lalii azimva kutetezedwa. Mwambiri, pamafunika zomera zambiri - nsomba zimakonda nkhalango zowirira, pomwe zimathirira madzi zikafika pangozi.
Zofunikira zina pa aquarium:
- aeration ndi kusefera;
- kusowa kwamphamvu kwamakono;
- Kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi (1/3 amasinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata);
- kuyatsa kowala (monga chilengedwe);
- nthawi yayitali masana.
Kapangidwe ka nthaka sikofunika kwenikweni, mosiyana ndi mtundu wake - lalius amawoneka wopindulitsa kwambiri mumdima.
Ngakhale, machitidwe
Pakukonzekera molumikizana, ndibwino kutenga wamwamuna mmodzi ndi wamkazi, popeza oyambilira nthawi zambiri amayamba ndewu... Mwa njira, amuna, pakalibe otsutsana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo, amakonda kuthamangitsa akazi. Ngati pali amuna ambiri, apatseni malo otetezedwa amchere (pafupifupi malita 60), obzalidwa ndi ndere komanso okhala ndi malo ogona. Pachifukwa ichi, amunawa adzagawa madera azomwe angateteze kuti ateteze malire kuchokera kumalo olimbana ndi adani.
Mwambiri, lalii amakhala osamala komanso amanyazi, ndichifukwa chake amafunikira oyandikana nawo mwamtendere komanso apakatikati, omwe adzakhale:
- msuzi;
- nsomba zazing'ono;
- mankhwala.
Zofunika! Kuphatikizana ndi mitundu yodya nyama sikupezeka, komanso tambala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaphwanya zipsepse ngakhale nyundo lalius mpaka kufa.
Zakudya, zakudya
Nsombazi ndi zamphongo - mwachilengedwe amadya plankton ndi algae, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Pazoyipa, azolowera mtundu uliwonse wazakudya - zamoyo, mafakitale kapena mazira. Zipangizo zam'mimba zawo sizimalola kumeza zidutswa zazikulu kwambiri, motero chakudya chimayenera kugayidwa kaye. Ziphuphu zingapo zimatha kukhala chinthu choyambirira, makamaka popeza nsomba zimakonda kudyetsa pafupi ndi pamwamba.
Gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera zina (nyama ndi masamba) monga chowonjezera chofunikira:
- kufooka kwa magazi;
- corotra;
- ziphuphu;
- sipinachi;
- saladi;
- udzu wanyanja.
Sikoyenera kuphatikizira nyongolotsi zamagazi pakudya kwa nsomba zam'madzi a m'nyanja yam'madzi - ena mwa ma aquarist amakhulupirira kuti zimavulaza m'mimba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Lyalius nthawi zonse amadya kuposa momwe amafunikira ndikupeza magalamu owonjezera, ndichifukwa chake kuli koyenera kugawa magawo ndikulengeza masiku osala kudya kamodzi pa sabata.
Zowona, kudya mopitilira muyeso kumapezeka m'madzi ozungulira "monobreed" - pomwe pali mitundu ina, Lalius wosamala samakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kufikira chakudya chomwe chatsanulidwa m'madzi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kubereka ku Lalius kumachitika miyezi 4-5. Awiriwo amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamoyo, kenako amawayika mu thanki yopangira madzi - madzi okwanira 40-lita okhala ndi madzi osapitilira masentimita 15. Izi ndizofunikira kuti fry ipulumuke mpaka zida zawo za labyrinth zipangidwe. Awiri amamanga chisa kuchokera kuma thovu ampweya pogwiritsa ntchito zomera zamoyo (duckweed, riccia ndi pistia)... Chisa, chokhala kotala chapamwamba komanso chopitilira 1 cm kutalika, chimakhala cholimba kotero kuti chimakhala chosasintha kwa mwezi umodzi zitabereka.
Kusefera ndi kuwulutsa malo m'malo oberekera sikuphatikizidwa, koma kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka + 26 + 28, komanso ndalande yayikulu ya mkazi, komwe amabisala kwa mnzake wankhanza. Koma amakwiya atangobereka, ndipo panthawi ya chibwenzi, yamphongo imapinda, imafalitsa zipsepse ndikuyitanitsa wamkazi ku chisa. Apa amaikira mazira, omwe mnzake amakhala nawo nthawi yomweyo: mazirawo ndi opepuka kuposa madzi ndikuyandama. Pamapeto pake, nsomba zimasiyanitsidwa, kusiya bambo ndi chisa ndi mazira. Ndi amene ayenera kusamalira ana, kuyiwala kwa kanthawi za chakudya chake. Mwachangu amawoneka pambuyo pa maola 12 ndikukhala pachisa masiku angapo. Pambuyo masiku 5-6, atakhala olimba, mwachangu amayamba kuthawa mchikuta, ndipo abambo amayenera kugwira othawa nawo mkamwa ndi kuwalavulira kumtunda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukuwotcha kwatsopano kwachimuna, kulimbikira kwambiri kwa abambo kuti abwezeretse. Patatha masiku angapo, bamboyo amakhala woopsa kwambiri kwakuti samathavula malovu, koma umadya ana ake. Pachifukwa ichi, champhongo chimachotsedwa mwachangu pakati pa masiku 5 ndi 7 atabereka.
Ngakhale mwachangu mosambira mwachangu akadali ochepa ndipo amafunikira chakudya chochepa, monga ma kiliyasi. Lalius mwachangu nthawi zambiri amafa ndi njala, motero amadyetsedwa kangapo patsiku kudziko la "modzaza" m'mimba. Patatha masiku 10 wamwamuna atayika, mwachangu amayamba kudyetsedwa ndi Artemia nauplii ndi microworms.
Ma Ciliates amachotsedwa pazakudya akangotembenuka mwachangu kupita ku nauplii: mtundu wamalalanje wamimba uzinena izi. Kumbuyo kwa mwachangu mumafunikira diso ndi diso, popeza anthu akulu akulu amayamba kudya zazing'ono. Pofuna kupewa kudya anzawo, ana amasankhidwa ndi kukula ndipo amakhala m'makontena angapo.
Matenda amtundu
Matenda omwe amapezeka m'mitundu ya Trichogaster lalius kulibe, koma pali matenda omwe amapezeka m'misodzi yonse ya m'nyanja. Matenda ena samapatsirana ndipo amadziwika kuti siopatsirana (arguliasis, acidosis, cyst of the gonads and alkaline disease), gawo lina limadziwika kuti ndi lopatsirana.
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo:
- hexamitosis ndi trichodinosis;
- ichthyosporidiosis ndi ichthyophthiriosis;
- glugeosis ndi branchiomycosis;
- dactylogyrosis ndi dermatomycosis;
- lepidorthosis ndi gyrodactylosis;
- kuvunda kwa zipsepse.
Popeza lalius ndi cholengedwa chofatsa, nthawi zambiri amadwala... Chakudya choyenera, chogogomezera chakudya chamoyo komanso chisamaliro choyenera, chimathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Pambuyo pogula, nsomba zimayikidwa mu chidebe chosiyanitsira (milungu ingapo). Ngati kuika kwaokha kwadutsa bwinobwino ndipo palibe matenda omwe amapezeka, Lalius amabzalidwa m'nyanja yamchere.
Ndemanga za eni
# kuwunika 1
Ndinalota lalius kwa chaka chathunthu, popeza sanali mumzinda mwathu. Tsiku lina labwino ndidabwera ku malo ogulitsira ziweto ndipo ndidawona ma lalius amitundu mitundu atakwanira ma ruble 300. Ndinagula nsomba zingapo, zazimuna: kunalibe akazi ogulitsa.
Ndinawatulutsa nthawi yomweyo mu aquarium, ndipo adabisala m'nkhalango za Vallisneria ndipo adakhala pamenepo kwa ola limodzi, mpaka atakopeka ndi anyamata anga achidwi. Amunawo amakhala chete - sanakonzekere chiwonetsero mwina ndi oyandikana nawo kapena pakati pawo. Ali ndi zipsepse-kutsogolo kwazoseketsa, komwe lalii adamva pansi, kubzala, miyala ndi ... wina ndi mnzake. Zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri!
Panali malo othamangitsira ndege komanso zosefera mu aquarium, zodyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamakampani "Sera" ndipo nthawi zina zimapereka ma ayisikilimu a magazi. Amawoneka okongola mu aquarium. Aliyense amene ankabwera kudzandiona anali ndi chidwi ndi dzina la nsomba zokongolazi.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Osoka (lat. Hirhorhorus)
- Astronotus (lat. Astronotus)
- Turquoise acara (Andinoasara rivulatus)
# kuwunika 2
Lyaliusi ndi nsomba za labyrinth, ndipo uwu ndi mwayi wawo waukulu. Nsombazi zimatha kupuma mpweya wakumlengalenga, chifukwa chake simuyenera kugula kompresa. Chovala chachimuna, chosinthana ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ndi yamiyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi chokongola kwambiri ndipo chimakopa maso. Kuti musunge, tengani nsomba zingapo (5-6) pamlingo wa 1 wamwamuna kwa akazi awiri kapena atatu.
Kukhalapo kwa fyuluta kumafunika, ndipo milungu iwiri iliyonse mu aquarium muyenera kusintha kotala la madzi. Pakudya, lalii alibe chidwi, komabe amakonda chakudya chambiri. Ndi anzawo ndi nsomba zina. M'malingaliro mwanga, lalius ndiabwino kwa oyamba kumene - nsomba ndi zotchipa komanso zosavuta kusamalira.
