Nangumi kapena anamgumi opanda mano ndi zina mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'madzi. Iwo ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mafupa a nsomba m'nkhama, zomwe zimafanana ndi nkhama, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimadya nyama zazing'ono kwambiri zam'madzi.
Kufotokozera kwa anamgumi
Pali mabanja anayi a subspecies awa: minke, dwarf, imvi ndi anamgumi osalala, omwe amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe.
Maonekedwe
Kukula kwa nyamazi kumakhala pakati pa 6 m mpaka 34 m, ndi kulemera kwake kuchokera matani 3 mpaka matani 200... Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mawonekedwe, omaliza amakhala okulirapo komanso onenepa m'mitundu yonse. Matupi a anamgumi amawongoleredwa, pali zipsepse za mchira, zomwe zimalola mitundu ina kufikira liwiro la 50 km / h (fin whale) ndi zipsepse zakuthambo, koma osati mitundu yonse.
Mutu waukulu umachokera ku ⅓ mpaka ⅕ wa kukula kwa thupi lonse, lomwe, komabe, anamgumi a baleen sangatembenuke chifukwa cha mafinya a khomo lachiberekero. M'mimbamo yamlomo ndi yayikulu, ili ndi lilime, theka la mafuta ndikufikira kulemera kwakukulu, mwachitsanzo, matani atatu - anamgumi amtambo (buluu). M'mimbamo ya parietal pamakhala mphuno ziwiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amagwiridwa ndi vibrissae - kumaso kumaso, komwe sikupezeka kawirikawiri, koma malekezero a mitsempha pafupifupi 400 amakwanira tsitsi limodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Khungu la anamgumi a baleen ndilolimba, lili ndi mafuta pansi pake, lomwe limalola kuti nyamazi zikhale ndi moyo ndikupeza chakudya m'malo otentha. Mtunduwo umakhala wakuda kwambiri, mithunzi ina mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi imasiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu, ngakhale m'mabanja.
M'kamwa muli kansalu ka whale - mbale yonyezimira yooneka ngati makona atatu yolumikizidwa pa nsagwada, kumapeto imakhala ndi mphonje.
Ma mbalewa adasiyanirana pakati pa 0,4 mpaka 1.3 masentimita, amakhala ndi kutalika kosiyana pakati pa 20 mpaka 450 cm, kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana pakati pa zidutswa 350 mpaka 800. Chifukwa cha mphonje, chakudya chochepa chimatsalira kwa iye, monga muukonde wabwino, pomwe namgumi amatsanulira madzi ambiri, kenako ndikukankhira kukhosi ndi lilime.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Anangumi ambiri a baleen amasambira pang'onopang'ono. Mitundu ina yamtendere imagwirizana ndi zombo zomwe zikuyandikira pafupi (anamgumi), ena amayesetsa kuti asagwere m'maso (anamgumi).
Ndizosangalatsa!Zosunthika zimayambitsidwa ndikusunthira m'malo ozizira ozizira kupita kumalo otentha oberekera ndikubweranso ndi ana okulirapo.
Anangumi opanda mano amapezeka makamaka m'modzi kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono... Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza ziwonetsero zamafashoni - amayi ndi ana. Komabe, pakudyetsa, kusaka kapena m'nyengo yokwanira, ndizotheka kuti nyamazi zizisonkhanirana m'gulu lalikulu, kufikira anthu 50 kapena kupitilira apo.
Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi moyo wokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri imasambira m'malo osaya, movutikira kutuluka. Mitundu ina imakhala m'madzi akuya. Kutsetsereka kuya kuya kwa chakudya, amawonetsa kumapeto kwa mchira, kupatula seival. Nthawi zambiri amalumpha m'madzi, amatulutsa mawu awo, komanso amatulutsa madzi ngati kasupe kuchokera pagawo lamutu wamutu.
Kodi anamgumi amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kutalika kwambiri kwa anamgumi amtundu wa baleen kumakhala zaka 50 kapena kupitilira kwa anangumi, imphona zam'madzi ndi anamgumi amphongo kwa zaka zopitilira 100 za anamgumi amutu. Nthawi yomweyo, whale whale ndi blue whale atha kukhala zaka zoposa 90, ndipo Japan whale whale ndi sei whale - zaka zoposa 70.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Oimira gawo lino la cetaceans amatha kuwona m'malo onse am'madzi apadziko lapansi. Madzi ozizira a Arctic, Antarctic ndi Southern Hemisphere amakopa anamgumi a baleen ndi chakudya chochuluka, pomwe malo otentha amathandizira kuswana ndikukonzekera kusamukira kwina kumalo olemera ndi chakudya. Chosiyacho ndi chinsomba chotchedwa bowhead whale, chomwe chimasunthira mkati mwa madzi a Arctic, ndi minke ya Mkwatibwi, yomwe siyimachoka kotentha komanso kotentha. Nyanjayi ndi anamgumi omalizira, Komano, amakonda madzi ozizira otseguka a World Ocean: Far Eastern, North Atlantic, South Atlantic ndi nyengo ina yotentha.
Ndizosangalatsa!Anangumi a buluu amakhalanso ndi madzi otseguka, koma ndizosowa kuziwona. Anangumi achinyama ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo amangokhala m'malo otentha komanso ozizira a Kummwera kwa Dziko lapansi, chifukwa chake palibe zambiri zazomwezo.
Anthu aliwonse okhala okhaokha ali ndi njira zawo zosamukira. Mwachitsanzo, anamgumi osalala a ku Japan amakonda madera a m'mashelefu a kum'mawa kwa Far East kapena m'nyanja za Arctic, anamgumi amvi amakonda madzi osaya a Far East ndi California Peninsula, komwe amasambira kuti aswane. Zobwerera m'mbuyo zimatha kutsatira madzi alumali komanso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kumpoto kwa Atlantic ndi Pacific Ocean, pomwe zimasamukira kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Africa, Hawaii, ndi kumwera kwa zilumba za Japan.
Zakudya za anangumi
Anangumi abwino amadyetsa tizinyama tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timeneti.
Anangumi omangika, makamaka: anamgumi, anangumi, anamgumi, anamgumi ndi anamgumi otsirizira, kuphatikiza pa plankton, amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono monga hering'i kapena capelin, ndikuzigwetsera kusukulu yolimba mukasaka pagulu kapena mothandizidwa ndi thovu lamadzi, kenako ndikuwonekera pakatikati pa tsango ili, kuyesera gwirani nsomba zochuluka kwambiri pakamwa panu.
Squids, ma copepod amatha kukhala ngati chakudya chamankhwala opulumutsa ndi anamgumi... Mukamadyetsa, omaliza nthawi zambiri amatembenukira mbali yawo yakumanja, akuyamwa madzi ambiri okhala ndi michere, kenako nkusefa kudzera mu whalebone. Koma anangumi a buluu amadyera makamaka ku plankton.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kukula msinkhu kwa anamgumi opanda mano kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- mu anamgumi osalala aku Japan ali ndi zaka 10 ndi kutalika kwa 15 m,
- mu anamgumi mutu pa zaka 20-25 ndi kutalika kwa 12-14 m.,
- mu anamgumi aimvi, anamgumi amphongo, anangumi a buluu - ali ndi zaka 5-10 zokula 11-12 m.,
- kwa anamgumi ndi anamgumi abwino - azaka 6-12, ali ndi 13-14 m. mbeu ndi 19-20 m.
- mu zingwe zazing'ono - zikafika zaka 3-5.
Nthawi yosaka, anangumi amatha kusonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu, pomwe amuna nthawi yamtunduwu amatha kutulutsa mawu (nyimbo), kuwonetsa kufunitsitsa kwawo kukwatirana ndi kukwatira akazi amodzi kapena angapo kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amalola wamwamuna mmodzi kuti apite, koma mahatchi amutu amakhala amitala pankhaniyi. Palibe mpikisano wankhanza pakati pa anamgumi.
Kawirikawiri wamkazi amabala nsomba imodzi ali ndi zaka 2-4, koma anamgumi a mink amatha kubereka kamodzi pa zaka 1-2. Nthawi ya bere ndi miyezi 11-14. Kubala kumachitika m'malo achisanu, pomwe:
- kwa anamgumi aku Japan mu Disembala-Marichi,
- kwa Greenlandic - mu Epulo-Juni,
- mu zovuta - mu Novembala-February.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ana amabadwira mumchira wamadzi kaye, pomwe abale ake akulu amatha kumuthandiza kukwera pamwamba pamadzi kuti apume mpweya woyamba. Kukula kwa mwana kumatha kufikira ¼ thupi la mayi, thupi lake limakhala lofanana.
Mbewuyo imadyetsa pansi pamadzi, ndikumeza mawere kwa masekondi pang'ono, pomwe, chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu yapadera ya mayi, imapopera mkaka wamafuta okwanira mkamwa mwake. Mkazi amatulutsa mkaka wambiri, motero anawo amakula mwachangu, motero nthumwi za mtundu wa blue whale zimatha kutulutsa mpaka malita 200. mkaka patsiku.
Mkaka wa m'mawere umatha pafupifupi miyezi 12, koma m'nkhalango zamphongo zimatha pafupifupi miyezi 5, komanso anamgumi ndi anangumi abuluu miyezi 6-9. Mgwirizano wapakati pa mayi ndi mwana ndi wolimba kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa moyo, ndevu za nangumi zimayamba pang'onopang'ono mwa ana, komabe, pakutha mkaka mkaka, mphamvu yakukula kwawo imakula, yomwe imalola achinyamata kudzidyetsa okha.
Adani achilengedwe
Anangumi a masharubu alibe adani m'chilengedwe, pafupifupi ngozi yokha yomwe imawopseza ana obadwa kumene kuchokera kuzilombo zazikulu, monga sharki kapena anamgumi opha, komanso nyama zofooka kapena zodwala. Koma pamakhala milandu pomwe nsombazi zimawombedwa ndi anamgumi opanda mano, omwe, chifukwa chakuchedwa kwawo, sakanatha kubweza mdani mwachangu. Shark, kuluma nyama kuchokera ku anamgumi, kumafooketsa wovulalayo, ndipo kutuluka magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha izi kumatha kukopa nsomba zina... Namgumi, komabe, ali ndi mwayi wopewa zolusa zomwe zingawakhudze pomenyera kumapeto kwa mchira wawo kapena kuyimbira achibale awo kuti athandize pakumveka kwawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, nthumwi za malowa zatetezedwa mwanjira ina chifukwa chowopseza kuti zitha. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ina sichidutsa anthu angapo. Kusaka sikuletsedwa ku anamgumi osalala akumpoto, ma Japan, anamgumi amtundu wina, anamgumi, ndi anangumi abuluu.
Zofunika!Zowopsa zazikulu kuchuluka kwa anamgumi a baleen ndizowonongeka chifukwa chogundana ndi zombo posamuka, zida zausodzi, komanso zovuta zoyendera alendo.
Zowopsa zomwe zitha kuchitika zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizoipitsa nyanja ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi.
Mtengo wamalonda
Anangumi ang'onoang'ono amakololedwa m'mafakitale ndi Norway, Japan ndi South Korea. Amaloledwa kusaka zosowa za nzika zomwe zili mgulu la: anamgumi amutu, anamgumi akum'mawa, ma whale. Nyama ya Whale imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, mafupa a whale amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokumbutsa, ndipo mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosowa za chakudya, zamankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, komanso nyama zina zonyansa.
