Tench ndi nsomba zamadzi oyera za banja la carp. Amakhala m'mitsinje yodekha, komanso matupi ena amadzi oyera omwe amakhala mosangalala ndipo amadziwika bwino ndi asodzi. Nsomba iyi, yomwe nyama yake imawerengedwa kuti ndi yokoma komanso yazakudya, imapitsidwanso m'malo osungira. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake, tench imatha kukhala ngakhale m'madziwe omwe sali oyenera kuswana ndi kukula kwa carp.
Kufotokozera kwa tench
Mwa mawonekedwe akunja a nsombayi, simunganene kuti tench ndi wachibale wa carp: ndiyosiyana kwambiri nayo kunja... Masikelo ake ang'onoang'ono achikaso amakhala ndi mamasulidwe akuda, omwe amakonda kuuma msanga mumlengalenga, kenako amapita m'magawo ndikugwa. Slime iyi siyimangololeza kuti tchire lisunthire mosavuta m'madzi, komanso limateteza ku adani.
Maonekedwe
Wophimbidwa ndi mamina osanjikiza, ofupika, atali komanso olimba a tench, okutidwa ndi masikelo ochepa kwambiri, ndikupanga masikelo 90 mpaka 120 pamzere wotsatira.
Mtundu wa thupi umawoneka wobiriwira kapena wa azitona, koma ngati utasula mamina kuchokera mu nsombazo kapena uzisiya kuti ziume ndikugwa mwachilengedwe, uzindikira kuti, mtundu wa masikelo a tench ndi wachikaso chamitundumitundu. Chimawoneka chobiriwira chifukwa cha ntchofu yomwe imaphimba mtundu wachilengedwe wa masikelo. Kutengera ndi dziwe momwe ichi chimakhala, tsinde la masikelo ake limatha kukhala lowala, lachikasu-mchenga wokhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira mpaka pafupifupi wakuda.
M'madamu okhala ndi dothi losalala kapena la peaty, mtundu wa masikelowo udzakhala wakuda, pomwe m'mitsinje kapena m'madziwo, pansi pake pamadzaza ndi dothi lamchenga kapena lamchenga, zidzakhala zopepuka kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amakhulupirira kuti dzina la nsombayi lidachitika chifukwa chakuti m'mlengalenga ntchentche, zokutira thupi lake ndi malo osanjikiza, zimauma ndikugwa, kotero kuti zimawoneka ngati nsombayo ili kusungunuka.
Komabe, moyo wokhala pansiwu udathandizira kuti mtundu wina wamatchulidwe udawonekera - kuchokera ku mawu oti "ulesi", womwe popita nthawi udayamba kumveka ngati "tench".
Zina zakunja
- Makulidwe: pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala pakati pa 20 mpaka 40 cm, ngakhale kulinso ndi zitsanzo zomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala pafupifupi 70 cm ndikulemera mpaka 7.5 kg.
- Zipsepse Mwachidule, perekani chithunzi chokhala wonenepa pang'ono ndipo, monga thupi lonse la nsomba, yokutidwa ndi ntchofu. Pokhala mtundu womwewo wokhala ndi masikelo pafupi ndi mabasiketi awo, zipsepsezo zimada mdima moonekera kumapeto, m'mizere ina amatha kukhala akuda. Mapeto a caudal samapanga notch, ndichifukwa chake amawoneka ngati owongoka.
- Milomo tench ali ndi wandiweyani, mnofu, mthunzi wowala kwambiri kuposa mamba.
- Mafuta ang'onoang'ono amakula pakona pakamwa tinyanga - mkhalidwe womwe umatsindika ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa tench ndi carp.
- Maso yaying'ono komanso yayikulu kwambiri, mtundu wawo ndi wofiyira-lalanje.
- Zoyipa zakugonana zowonetsedwa bwino: zipsepse zam'chiuno zamwamuna zamtunduwu ndizolimba komanso zazikulu kuposa zazimayi. Komanso, amuna ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi anzawo, chifukwa amakula msanga kuposa iwo.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'magulu a nsomba izi, tench ya golide, mamba amakhala ndi utoto wagolide, ndipo maso ake ndi akuda kuposa amtundu winawo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mosiyana ndi oimira ena achangu komanso osakhazikika a banja la carp, tench ndiyodekha komanso yosafulumira. Nsombazi ndizochenjera komanso zamanyazi, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuzigwira. Ngati tench ikadagwerabe nyambo, ndiye kuti, ikatulutsidwa m'madzi, imasinthiratu: imakhala yovuta komanso yamwano, imakana mwamphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri, makamaka ngati chithunzi chachikulu chagwidwa, chimatha kuchoka pachingwe ndikubwerera kudziko lakwawo madzi.
Mizere yayikulu imayesa kukhala moyo wosungulumwa, koma nsomba zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimapanga sukulu za anthu 5-15. Tench imadyetsa makamaka nthawi yamadzulo masana. Mwambiri, sakonda kuwala kowala, amayesetsa kukhala pamalo okwanira komanso m'malo omangika ndi mbewu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti tench ndi nsomba yongokhala komanso yochedwa, imatha kupanga kusamuka tsiku lililonse, kusunthira kuchokera kunyanja kupita kuzama ndi kumbuyo. Komanso panthawi yobereka, amatha kusunthira kukafunafuna malo abwino kwambiri oberekera.
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, nsomba iyi imapita pansi ndipo, itakwiriridwa ndi silt, imalowa mu kugona kwambiri. M'chaka, kutentha kwa madzi m'nyanjayi kukapsa mpaka madigiri + 4, mizere imadzuka ndipo, kusiya malo awo ozizira, kupita kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe kuli zitsamba zam'madzi zambiri. Njira zopezera chakudya zimadutsa pafupi ndi malire a bango kapena udzu. M'masiku otentha, imakhala yotopetsa ndikuyesera kuyandikira pafupi ndi magawo am'munsi mwa dziwe. Koma, poyandikira nthawi yophukira, madzi akamazizira, ntchito yake imakula kwambiri.
Kodi tench amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nsombazi zimatha kukhala zaka 12-16, ndipo kukula kwake kumatha zaka 6-7.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhalamo a tench akuphimba ku Europe komanso mbali zina zamayiko aku Asia, komwe kumakhala kotentha. Amakhazikika m'madambo otentha - maiwe, nyanja, stavakh, malo osungira, kapena mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chakuti mizereyo ndiyodzichepetsa pakudzaza madzi ndi mpweya, komanso acidity yake ndi mchere, nsombazi zimamva bwino m'madambo, mkamwa mwa mitsinje ndi madambo okhala ndi madzi amchere.
M'malo okhala pansi pamiyala, komanso mosungiramo madzi ozizira ndi mafunde, samakhazikika. Ndi osowa kwambiri m'madzi am'mapiri ndi mitsinje.
Zofunika! Kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, amafunikiradi kupezeka mosungira ndere ndi mbewu zazitali kwambiri, monga bango kapena bango, m'nkhalango momwe mizere imayang'ana nyama yawo komanso komwe amabisalira nyama zowononga.
Kutengera ndi malo okhalamo, mitundu iyi imagawika m'magulu anayi azachilengedwe. Owayimirawa amasiyana pang'ono pamakhalidwe awo ndipo, pang'ono pang'ono, pamitundu ya sikelo.
- Nyanja tench. Amakhazikika m'madamu akulu komanso m'madzi.
- Pondova. Amakhala m'madzi ang'onoang'ono achilengedwe komanso choyambirira. Ochepera pang'ono komanso owonda kuposa nyanja. Koma, ngati mungakhazikitse dziwe m'nyanja, ndiye kuti itenga mosakhalitsa mavoliyumu omwe asoweka ndikuwoneka mosadziwika kuchokera kwa abale awo omwe akhala munyanjayi moyo wawo wonse.
- Mtsinje. Imakhazikika m'mitsinje kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, komanso nthambi kapena ngalande zomwe sizichedwa kutuluka. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa nyanja ndi mizere yamadziwe. Komanso, mwa nthumwi za mitundu ya mitsinje, pakamwa pake pamatha kupindika pang'ono.
- Tench tench. Chifukwa chakuti imakhala m'malo omwe nsomba zimakhazikitsidwanso, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimachepetsa kukula ndipo, chifukwa chake, tench imakula osapitilira masentimita 12. Mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse ndipo imakhala pafupifupi mosungira madzi amchere.
Zakudya zam'mbali
Maziko azakudya za nsombazi ndi chakudya cha nyama, ngakhale nthawi zina amathanso kudya chakudya chomera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala m'madzi komanso pafupi ndi matupi amadzi titha kusaka: tizilombo tomwe tili ndi mphutsi zawo, komanso mollusks, crustaceans ndi nyongolotsi. Masika, amasangalalanso kudya ndere ndi mphukira zobiriwira zamasamba monga sedge, urut, bango, chakudya, dziwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nsombazi sizikhala ndizokonda nyengo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chakudya ndipo zimadya chilichonse chodya chomwe chingapezeke.
Makamaka, mizere imadyera m'malo apansi-pansi ndi peat kapena dothi losalala, komanso m'mitengo yazomera zapansi pamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti apeze chakudya, nsombazi zimakumba pansi, ndichifukwa chake thovu laling'ono limadutsa gawo lamadzi pamwamba pa dziwe, ndikupatsa malo a tench.
M'dzinja nsombazi zimayamba kudyetsa zochepa poyerekeza ndi nthawi yotentha yamasana, ndipo nthawi yachisanu, mizereyo siyidyetsa kalikonse.
Koma, kutangotha kumene kutentha kwa nyengo yotentha, nsombazi zimadzuka kutulo ndipo zimasambira pafupi ndi gombe kufunafuna chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha zomera kapena nyama. Poterepa, mizere imadya mphutsi za udzudzu mosangalala kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi ana
Tench ndi nsomba yama thermophilic ndipo chifukwa chake imabereka kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe, kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe... Monga malo oberekera, nthawi zambiri madzi osaya pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, otetezedwa mphepo komanso odzaza ndi zomera zam'madzi amasankhidwa. Zomangamanga zimachitika mozama masentimita 30-80 ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamangiriridwa ku nthambi za mitengo kapena zitsamba zomwe zimatsitsidwa m'madzi omwe amakula pafupi ndi gombe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuberekera kumachitika m'magawo angapo pakadutsa masiku 10-14. Njira yoberekera imakhudzanso anthu omwe afika kale zaka 3-4 ndipo akulemera osachepera 200-400 g.Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amayika mkazi nthawi imodzi kumatha kufikira 20 mpaka 500,000, pomwe amapsa mwachangu kwambiri - kwa chiyani - osachepera 70-75 maola.
Mwachangu omwe amasiyidwa ndi mazira, omwe kukula kwake sikupitilira 3.5 mm, amaphatikizidwa ndi gawo lapansi, kenako kwa masiku ena 3-4 amakhalabe pamalo omwe adabadwira. Nthawi yonseyi, mphutsi zimakula mwamphamvu, zimadyetsa phindu la nkhokwe zomwe zidatsalira.
Mwachangu atayamba kusambira paokha, amasonkhana m'magulu ndipo, kubisala m'nyanja zowirira zam'madzi, amadyetsa nyama zam'madzi ndi ma algae amtundu umodzi. Ndipo pambuyo pake, atafika kale pafupifupi pafupifupi 1.5 cm, achinyamatawo amapita pansi, komwe amasamukira ku chakudya chopatsa thanzi, makamaka chopangidwa ndi zamoyo za benthic.
Adani achilengedwe
Akuluakulu, palibe adani achilengedwe mwachilengedwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ntchofu zomwe zimaphimba thupi lawo ndizosasangalatsa kwa nsomba zina zolusa kapena zowononga zina, nthawi zambiri zimadya nsomba, chifukwa chake sizisaka iwo. Nthawi yomweyo, ma piki ndi nsombazi zitha kuukira mwachangu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ku Europe, tench ndi yofala kwambiri, koma m'malo ena a Russia, makamaka kum'mawa kwa Urals, nsomba iyi imavutika kwambiri ndi kuwononga ndi kuipitsa malo ake achilengedwe. Chinthu cha anthropogenic wamba chimatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamtundu wa nsomba, kuphatikiza tench, m'chilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimachitika ngakhale anthu sawononga chilengedwe, koma zochita zawo zitha kuwononga zamoyo, kuphatikiza nsomba zamadzi oyera. Mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwakanthawi kwamadzi m'madamu m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufa kwa mzere kumapeto kwa dziwe. Poterepa, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimasandulika kuzizira, kapena madzi omwe ali pansi pake amakhala osakwanira kuti mizere ipitirirebe bwino, ndikubowoka pansi pamatope.
Zofunika! Ku Germany, ku madera a Irkutsk ndi Yaroslavl, komanso ku Buryatia, mizereyi idalembedwa mu Red Book.
Koma, ngakhale zili choncho, ngati tikulankhula za mtunduwu, ndiye kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali pamzerewu sakhala pachiwopsezo ndipo apatsidwa gawo loteteza "zomwe sizikudetsa nkhawa kwenikweni."
Mtengo wamalonda
Tench siimodzi mw nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda zomwe zimapezeka m'malo awo achilengedwe, chifukwa chake, m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, zimagwidwa makamaka ndi asodzi amateur. Komabe, nsombazi zimalimidwa kwambiri m'mayiwe a nsomba. Choyambirira, izi zimachitika chifukwa chodzichepetsa kwa mizereyo pazosamalidwa zake komanso kuti atha kukhala ngakhale m'madziwe omwe sali oyenera kuswana ndi kukula kwa carp.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Nsomba zamipeni
- Nsomba za Marlin
- Nsomba zagolide
- Salimoni
Tench ndi nsomba yapansi pang'onopang'ono yomwe imakhala mosungiramo madzi pang'onopang'ono ndipo imadyetsa makamaka zazing'ono zopanda mafuta. Nsombayi imakhala ndi kuthekera kwapadera: kusasitsa mwachangu kwamazira, kuti ana amaswa mkati mwa maola 70-75 mazira atayikidwa ndi mkazi. Chinthu china chodabwitsa kwambiri mwa nsombazi ndi ntchofu zomwe zimaphimba thupi lawo.
Lili ndi maantibayotiki achilengedwe, chifukwa chake, chifukwa chake, mizere imadwala pafupipafupi kuposa nsomba zina zambiri.... Kuphatikiza apo, ntchofu imagwiranso ntchito yoteteza: imawopsyeza adani. Anthu akhala akuyamikira kukoma kwa nyama yamtengo wapatali, yomwe ingakonzedwe mbale zambiri zokoma, choncho nsomba iyi imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino pakati pa anglers, makamaka poganizira kuti kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 7 kg kapena kuposa.
