Ngakhale kuwona nungu kwa nthawi yoyamba, kumakhala kovuta kusokoneza ndi nyama ina iliyonse, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera. Kodi ndi zopeka ziti zokhudza nyama yodabwitsayi? Kumene chozizwitsa chachilengedwe ichi chimakhalapo, chomwe chimadya ndi momwe chimaberekera - tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhuku
Nkhumba zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha singano zazitali zoyipa. Mlendo aliyense amene sanaitanidwe yemwe wadzutsa chidwi mwa nyamayo atha kukumana nawo momvetsa chisoni. Mitengo yayitali imeneyi imathandiza kuti mbewa yankhuku itetezeke ku ngozi. Kuti mumve zambiri, pali zochulukirapo pamtundu wa nungu kuposa pa hedgehog. Tsoka ilo, mawonekedwe nthawi zambiri ndiwo okhawo omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo okhudzana ndi nyamazi. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti nungu ndi mbewa, imodzi mwa mbewa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.... Kulemera kwapakati pa nkhuku wamkulu ndi ma kilogalamu khumi ndi awiri. Ngakhale ali ndi ubale wapabanja ndi ma hedgehogs.
Mutha kukumana ndi chirombo chabwino ichi m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango ku Europe, Africa, Asia, North ndi South America. Mwambiri, nkhuku imawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yodyetserako ziweto, koma chifukwa chosowa chakudya chazomera, mosangalala amadya zokwawa zazing'ono, tizilombo ndi mazira omwe amapezeka zisa za anthu ena. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya nungu yomwe imapezeka m'malo awo padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kukula kwa nyama kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu ya zamoyozo - kuchokera kuma kilogalamu ang'onoang'ono aku South American porcupines, mpaka zolemera zolemera makilogalamu khumi kapena kupitilira apo a ku Africa.
Monga lamulo, izi ndi nyama zaimvi kapena zofiirira, koma oimira oyera samapezeka kawirikawiri. Mchira wa nungu wokalamba umafikira masentimita 20 mpaka 25. Kulemera kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe kuli, ndi avareji ya 5.5 mpaka 16 kilogalamu. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chifalansa, dzina la nunguyo limamasuliridwa kuti "spiked nkhumba".
Masingano akuthwa owopsa, azungu, pafupifupi 25 cm, mpaka 7mm makulidwe, olemera 250 g, amatuluka mosavuta mthupi. Zinali izi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti wina aganize koyambirira kuti nungu akhoza kumuwombera wolakwayo. M'malo mwake, amangodziphatika okha ndikudzigwetsa okha akamayendetsa kapena poyenda m'malo ovuta. Wobisalira yemwe wakwiya ndi mbewa iyi amakhala pachiwopsezo chosiya ndi singano mthupi, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zopweteka kuzichotsa pambuyo pake. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, sizowopsa, koma kubooleza komweko kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri chifukwa chakutenga kachilombo, chifukwa kumakhala konyansa.
Ndizowona izi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuwoneka kwa akambuku odyera anthu, omwe tidzakambirane pambuyo pake. Singano zimasinthidwa pafupipafupi, zatsopano zimakula nthawi yomweyo m'malo mwa ndodo zoponyedwazo. Nkhunda zimakhala ndi mawu osunthika, makamaka "nyimbo" zimachita nthawi yokolola, zimanyamula ana komanso pobereka. Mwa njira - makanda obadwa kumene amalemera pafupifupi g 450. Thupi lawo lili pafupifupi masentimita 25 (mainchesi 10) m'litali. Nthenga za nkhuku zatsopano zimakhala zofewa komanso zotetezeka, kuti ziumitse ndikusandulika chida chodzitchinjiriza - zimafunikira nthawi. Mwana wakhanda amakhalabe ndi mayi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Maonekedwe
Mtundu wakunja udaperekedwa mwachilengedwe ku nungu kuti azitha kubisala bwino malinga ndi malo okhala... Ndipo popeza malo okhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi osiyana, chifukwa chake, mtundu wa malaya amasiyana. Amatha kukhala otuwa, abulauni, osowa kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka nungu ndi kovuta pang'ono. Ndi yayikulu ndi miyendo yayikulu koma yayifupi kutalikirana. "Chithunzi" choterocho chimabweretsa mavuto ambiri mukamathamanga kapena kuthamangitsidwa, pomwe nkhuku imathamanga mokwanira, ngakhale ndikupondaponda phazi.
Phunzirani zambiri za singano. Masing'anga opitilira 30,000 omwe amateteza thupi la nungu podziteteza komanso kusintha. Tsitsi lowuma, lopanda pake limapangidwa ndi keratin ndipo limatha kutalika masentimita 8 m'litali. Nthenga iliyonse imakhala ndi munga wakuthwa kunsonga kwake. Tsitsi lililonse limakhala m'chimake, lomwe limaliteteza mpaka nkhukuyo itamva kuti ikuopsezedwa ndikutulutsa nthengayo. Malangizo akuthwa amaperekedwa ngati mbedza ya nsomba, ndiye amene amakulolani kuti mulowe mwamphamvu mu minofu ya woukirayo, ndipo kenako mupereke kuzunzika kosaneneka mukachotsedwa. Ngati wovutikayo, akuyesera kuti adzimasule yekha, amapanga mayendedwe osokonekera - ngowe amangokhala mwamphamvu mthupi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mosiyana ndi malingaliro akunja, singano sizimalepheretsa nkhuku kuyenda, koma m'malo mwake, zimalola kuti zizikhala pamwamba pamadzi. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha ma voids omwe ali mkati mwa singano ndikukhala ngati oyandama. Tsoka ilo, palinso kuchotsera kukhala nawo munyama. Kupatula apo, ziboliboli zokongola za nungu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzikongoletsera, ndichifukwa chake amasakidwa m'maiko ena.
Nunguzi zilinso ndi chovala chamkati ndi tsitsi loteteza. Tsitsi lamtunduwu nthawi zambiri limaphimba matupi a achinyamata. Chovalacho palokha ndi masamba obiriwira aubweya wabwino, wamdima. Imakhala ngati yoteteza, kutentha kwa nkhuku nthawi yachisanu. Tetezani tsitsi lanu pa chovala chamkati, chomwe chili kumbuyo ndi mchira. Amakula mpaka mainchesi anayi ndipo amateteza chovalacho.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ya nkhuku ili ndi zala zinayi. Alipo asanu pamiyendo yakumbuyo. Chala chilichonse chimathera ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, zamphamvu zomwe nkhuku imagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu ziwiri. Choyamba ndi kudzithandiza kupeza mwayi wopeza chakudya. Mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, amachotsa mosavuta masamba ofunikira kuti azidya, amang'amba makungwa ake pamitengo, amachita ndi mpesa, akufuna kupeza zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi. Cholinga chachiwiri chimaphatikizapo kukwirira ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu mumitengo, ngati kutulutsa nangula kuti musunthire paziphuphu za mitengo. Mwa njira - nungu ndi achule odabwitsa kwambiri.
Payokha, muyenera kulankhula za mano a nyama. Pamaso pakamwa pali zinthu zinayi zakuthwa. Katundu wawo amatha kufanizidwa ndi chisel. Mofanana ndi makoswe ambiri, mano a nungu amapitilizabe kukula m'moyo wake wonse. Ngati chinyamacho chasiya kuzipera, pamakhala mwayi woti ingrowth ndi kutsekeka kwa mkamwa, pambuyo pake khosweyo amafa ndi njala. Pofuna kupewa izi, amangokhalira kutafuna pamulu wa nkhuni. Mano a nungu nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku lalanje pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha khungu, michere yomwe imapezeka mumitengo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Asia ndi Africa ndizomwe zimakhala ndi nkhuku. Amaonedwa kuti ndi tizirombo tambiri ku Kenya konse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso kukonda mbewu. Nkhumba zimapezekanso ku South ndi North America. Nkhumba zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi malo amiyala, komanso ku steppe komanso m'malo otsetsereka pang'ono. Ndiwo osambira abwino komanso okwera mapiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ntchito zambiri za nyama izi zimachitika usiku. Ngakhale kuti masana amakonda kugona m'nyumba zawo, mutha kukumanabe nawo.
Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimakhala pafupi ndi dera lokhalamo anthu. Kufuna kupeza mchere kumawakakamiza kuti asankhe. Amayesetsa kuzipeza pogwiritsa ntchito utoto, zitseko, plywood ndi zinthu zina zomwe angapeze. Ichi ndichifukwa chake m'malo ambiri anthu akhala akuyesetsa kuti awachotse. Pofunafuna madzi abwino, nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimakwera m'mabwalo a nyumba zokhalamo, kuwononga mapaipi amadzi ndi mapaipi ndi mano ndi zikhadabo. Ngakhale mpanda wachitsulo sungawabwezeretse. Mothandizidwa ndi mano awo amphamvu kwambiri, amaluma mosavuta.
Nungu zimakonda kukhala zokha kupatula nthawi yokwatirana kapena pakufunika kusamalira pamodzi ana. Komabe, amatha kupeza nyumba zawo pafupi. Mwachitsanzo, m'mapanga, mitengo yakale kapena zipika. Nkhunda sizimabisala, zimangokhala nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira mkati mwa nyumba zawo.
Ndi nungu zingati zomwe zimakhala
Malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa, nungu yemwe adakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali mu 2011 ku zoo adakondwerera zaka 30... Kumtchire, komabe, nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nyama izi ndi zaka khumi mpaka makumi awiri. Pakadali pano, pokhala ndi chidziwitso chochuluka chokhudza nungu, awetedwa ndikusungidwa mu ukapolo. Pomwe mikhalidwe yamndende imakhala yabwino kwambiri, chiweto chachikulu chimakhala ndi moyo wautali. Zitha kugulidwa ngati chiweto m'misika yazitape kapena m'masitolo apadera.
Mitundu ya nkhuku
Nungu ndi zamitundu yambiri. Odziwika kwambiri mwa awa ndi oimira Malay, South Africa, Javanese, Crested ndi India. Kuchokera m'mainawo zikuwonekeratu kuti komwe adachokera ndikogwirizana mwachindunji ndi malo okhala nyama. Komanso nkhuku zaku South Africa sizisankha zachilengedwe. Nyama iyi imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 25.
Ndipo imakula mpaka masentimita 80 m'litali. Amakhutira ndi mitundu yonse yazomera ku South Africa, kupatula nkhalango. Komanso pa kontinentiyi, pali mtundu wina wamoyo - nungu. Pali ngayaye zoyera kumapeto kwake kwamapenga. Nkhunda yayitali kwambiri imapezeka ku Sumatra ndi Borneo. Masingano ake ndi omwe amasiyanitsa mitunduyo. Amasintha kwambiri, amafupikitsa komanso owonda, omwe amapereka chithunzi chokhala ndi tsitsi lakuda. Imagwira bwino ntchito yokwera mitengo ndipo imawoneka ngati mbewa yonyowa.
Komanso ku Sumatra kuli nkhuku ya Sumatran. Ndiwodziwika kuti ndi yaying'ono, kulemera kwake sikupitilira ma 5.5 kilogalamu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 56 masentimita. Ali ndi singano zabwino zomwe zimafanana ndi ubweya, koma zoyera kumapeto kwake. Nunguyu amakhala pachilumba cha Sumatra chokha. Nkhunda yankhanza imapezeka ku Borneo. Ndi yayikulu kuposa Sumatran, singano zake ndizolimba. Kuphatikiza pa malo okhala kuthengo, amatha kuwonekera m'mabwalo amzindawu, momwe anthu am'deralo komanso alendo amabwereranso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mitundu yofala kwambiri yamtunduwu ndi nungu. Amapezeka ku India, Middle East, Southern Europe, komanso ku Asia Minor ndi Southeast Asia.
Nungu zaku America ndizamitundu iwiri: North America ndi South America. Zoyambazo zimakutidwa ndi mitsempha yunifolomu m'thupi lonse, popanda malo ataliatali m'chigawo cha caudal. Otsatira, Komano, ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chosiyanitsa - amatha kukwera mitengo mwangwiro ndikukonzekeretsa nyumba zawo kumeneko. Komanso m'derali muli mitundu yomwe imamamatira ku nthambi za tchire ndi mitengo ndi mchira wawo wautali. Kutalika kwa mchira wachinyama wachikulire mpaka masentimita 45.
Nungu yaku India, mosiyana ndi dzina lake, ikufalikira osati ku India kokha... Mutha kuyipeza ku South, Central Asia, Transcaucasus komanso kudera la Kazakhstan. Nungu ya ku Javanese imatha kuwona ku Indonesia, ndi ku Malay - ku China, Thailand, India, Vietnam, pazilumba zingapo ndi zilumba zingapo, komanso ku Nepal. Mwachilengedwe, nkhuku zimatengedwa ngati nyama zamapiri. Amakhala mosatekeseka m'mayenje awo, ngakhale amakhala m'mapanga kapena m'mapanga. Nyama imakumba maenje aatali, okhala ndi ma tunnel angapo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Makoswe a singano - nkhuku zakhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Amapezeka ku Asia, Europe, Africa, North ndi South America. Anthu okhala m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe awo komanso mawonekedwe awo.
Zakudya za nkhumba
Zakudya za makoswe zimaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yazomera ndi mitengo, maapulo, komanso hawthorn ndi rose rose. M'nyengo yachilimwe-chilimwe, nunguyo amadyerera kale kumtunda kwa mbewu zobiriwira, masamba awo amaphukira. Tubers ndi mababu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Pofika nthawi yokolola yophukira, chakudyacho chimakhala chopindulitsa. Amakhala ndi mavwende, mphesa, nyemba zamtengo wapatali, komanso dzungu lokondedwa ndi nkhaka zomwe zimatha kutulutsidwa patsamba la anthu. Nsagwada zake ndi mano zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu kwambiri kwakuti sizikhala zovuta kuti mbewa ikulumire ndodo yachitsulo.
Makoswewa m'malo awo ambiri amakhala ngati tizirombo. Zonse ndizokonda nyama zomwe zimakonda mizu. Ndipo pofuna kupindula ndi ndiwo zamasamba zokoma, sadzaopa kupita kukasodza kumalo oyandikira, ndikuwononga mbewu. Mbatata kapena dzungu ndi zina mwa mbewu zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mokonda dzungu lokoma, nunguyo mosangalala amatha kupanga mawu osokosera komanso owuma. Komanso, nyamazi zimawononga nkhalango. Vuto lonse lili mchikondi cha khungwa la mitengo ndi timitengo tating'ono tating'ono. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira, nkhuku imodzi yokha yayikulu imatha kuwononga pafupifupi mitengo zana.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kutha kwa chilimwe ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yamasewera olimbirana a nkhuku. Zimaswana kamodzi pachaka. Kuti akope yemwe angakhale naye pachibwenzi, amapanga mawu apadera. Amuna panthawiyi amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yosinthira mawu, yomwe imawopsyeza amuna ena - omwe angapikisane nawo. Posankha wamwamuna, malamulo amasankhidwe achilengedwe amagwiranso ntchito. Pakadali pano, njonda zimakhala mwamakani kwambiri, chifukwa okhawo olimba, olimba mtima komanso olimba mtima ndi omwe adzakhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mkazi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mawonekedwe azakunyengerera dona mu nungu ndi, kunena modekha, zachilendo. Amuna amayamba kuvina kovina, kenako amakodzela ndi akazi kuti amveke. Mgwirizano wa nungu ndi wosakhalitsa. Awiriwo amakhala limodzi nthawi yapakati ndipo pakatha miyezi 7 atabereka, amabalalika, kukwaniritsa ntchito yawo.
Kupatula apo, ntchito yayikulu pakupanga banja ndikubereka ana... Nthawi zambiri mumakhala ana ochepa m'matayala. Chiwerengero chawo chimatha kuyambira 1 mpaka 5. Koma zofala kwambiri ndimibadwo ya kubadwa kwa mwana m'modzi kapena awiri. Nungu zomwe zimangobadwa kumene ndizolimba kale ndipo zimatha kukwera mitengo, koma zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa zimabadwa ndi singano zofewa kwambiri. Amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanapite kudziko lina kukakhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha, wachikulire.
Adani achilengedwe
Kumtchire, nungu ali ndi adani ochepa, chifukwa mapiko awo amateteza kwambiri adani monga akambuku, akambuku kapena akambuku. Pakayandikira munthu wopanda nzeru woopsa, khosweyu amapanga mawu achenjezo. Amayamba kupondaponda phazi lake mokweza momwe angathere, ndikuyenda uku ndi uku, akugwedeza singano polumikizana. Ngati zikwangwani sizimamuwopseza, nkhandayo imathamangira kwa wolakwayo ndikumubaya ndi singano. Sachita mantha ngakhale nyama zolusa zazikulu kapena magalimoto akudutsa, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owopsa, sakufuna kugonja.
Kumbali inayi, zikopa zokhala ndi nungu nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa nyama zolusa kuukira anthu. Akambuku ndi akambuku, obowolezedwa ndi nkhwangwa, pokhala akudwala ndi njala, sangathe kusaka nyama zamtchire. Amataya mphamvu zawo zakale ndipo amakhala olumala. Pachifukwa ichi, amayamba kufikira anthu omwe sathamanga komanso othamanga ngati nyama zokhotakhota - nyama yoyamba.
Nthaŵi zambiri, ngakhale zili zomvetsa chisoni, mdani wamkulu wa nungu, monga nyama zina zambiri, ndi munthu. Zovala zowala za nungu zidamupatsa tsoka.M'mayiko ena, amagwidwa ndikuphedwa chifukwa cha singano zokongola zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizoyenera kupanga zodzikongoletsera. Komanso m'maiko aku Asia, gawo lake la nyama limawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma. Amakoma ngati nyama ya kalulu. Ndi yoyera, yokoma komanso yowutsa mudyo. Pakadali pano, kusaka nyama izi kwapeza masewera komanso mpikisano. Kumusaka mwadala sikumachitika kawirikawiri - nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimaphedwa panjira, ndikusaka nyama zina zamtchire.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha nungu, ngakhale chatsika mzaka zapitazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, chikadali pamlingo wokwera.... Kuphatikizidwa, mitundu iyi imatha kuganiziridwabe pansipa. Kutsatira zomwe International Red Data Book idalemba, nkhuku idatsimikizika kuti ikuwopsezedwa pang'ono. Izi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kochepa kwa kutha.
