Mtundu wachilengedwe wogawa muskrat umaphatikizapo gawo lalikulu la North America. Amakonda kukhala m'malo amadzi opanda mchere komanso madambo amchere pang'ono, nyanja, mitsinje, ndi madambo.
Kufotokozera kwa muskrat
Muskrat ndi woimira yekhayekha wamitundu yake komanso mtundu wa nyama zamtunduwu.... Muskrats ndi zamoyo zam'madzi am'magulu amtundu wa makoswe ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamabanja akulu a Muridae kumpoto kwa America. Adasinthiranso ku Russia, Europe ndi North Asia, komwe adabweretsedwako mwachinyengo.
Ulesi wawo wakunja udawakakamiza kuti azolowere malo okhala m'madzi. Iyi ndi mbewa yam'madzi yam'madzi yomwe imavulaza ulimi wothirira ndipo imagwira ntchito mwadongosolo pamisewu yamtsinje nthawi yomweyo. Muskrat amakhala kuthengo kwamitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso m'malo osungiramo zinthu, momwe minda iliyonse imakhalira.
Maonekedwe
Makoswe a Musk ali ndi ubweya wopanda madzi, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira. Amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo za ubweya woteteza komanso chovala chamkati. Izi ndi ulusi wolimba kwambiri komanso wapamwamba kwambiri. Thupi limakutidwa ndi malaya okhwima, ofewa bwino, komanso tsitsi loteteza, lomwe ndi lalitali, lolimba komanso lowoneka bwino. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti hydrophobic ikhudze, chifukwa madzi sangalowerere pakhungu laubweya. Muskrats amayang'anira "chovala chawo chaubweya" mosamala, amawatsuka pafupipafupi ndikuwapaka mafuta apadera.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana. Kumbuyo ndi miyendo ndi mchira nthawi zambiri kumakhala mdima. Mimba ndi khosi ndizopepuka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala chakuda kwambiri, nthawi yotentha, chimatha pansi pa dzuwa ndikuwala ndi mthunzi kapena awiri.
Mchira wawo wofanana ndi chiwongolero amapindika pambuyo pake ndipo alibe ubweya. M'malo mwake, amakhala okutidwa ndi khungu lolimba, ngati lopanikizika m'mbali, ndipo mbali yakumunsi kuli chikwerere chaubweya, ndikusiya chizindikiro panjira yotayirira pamene mukuyenda. Pansi pake pamakhala zowawa, zotulutsa fungo labwino kwambiri, lomwe nyama imayika m'malire ake. Mchira wa khosweyu umatenganso nawo mbali poyenda, wogwira ntchito ngati zothandizira kumtunda komanso ngati chiwongolero chosambira m'madzi.
Muskrat ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mphuno yolakwika. Kuwona ndi kununkhiza sikukula bwino, makamaka, chinyama chimadalira kumva. Thupi limakhala lozungulira. Makutu a mbewa yamtunduwu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwakuti samawonekera pambuyo paubweya wozungulira. Maso ndi ochepa, amatuluka kupitirira mutu, ndipo amakhala okwezeka. Ponena za mano, monga makoswe onse, ma muskrats ali ndi zotsekemera zowonekera kwambiri. Zimayambira pakamwa, zili kumbuyo kwa milomo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kuti nyamayo ilume zinthu mwakuya kuti madzi asalowe mkamwa.
Miyendo yakutsogolo kwa muskrat imakhala ndi zala zinayi zakuthwa ndi yaying'ono imodzi. Mapiko ang'onoang'ono oterewa ndioyenera kuthana ndi zida za mbewu ndi kukumba. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo kwa muskrat, pali zala zisanu zakuthwa zokhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono. Ndi izi zomwe zimalola kuti nyama iziyenda bwino pamadzi. Makhalidwe athupi lanyama wamkulu: kutalika kwa thupi - 470-630 millimeters, mchira kutalika - 200-270 millimeters, pafupifupi kulemera kwake - 0,8-1.5 kilogalamu. Kukula kwake, wamkulu muskrat amafanana ndi china pakati pa beaver ndi khoswe wamba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Makoswe a Musk ndi nyama zopanda mpumulo zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku... Amapanga mabedi abwino kwambiri ndipo amakumba ngalande zomwe zimakumba m'mbali mwa mitsinje kapena kumanga zisa kuchokera m'matope ndi zomera. Maenje awo amatha kutalika kwa mita 2 kutalika kwa mita 1.2. Makoma a nyumbayi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30 mulifupi. Mkati mwa nyumbayo muli zitseko zingapo ndi ngalande zomwe zimalowa m'madzi.
Maderawa amakhala kutali wina ndi mnzake. Amatha kufikira kutentha kwa mpweya kutentha mpaka madigiri 20 kuposa kutentha kwakunja. Makoswe a Musk amapanganso zotchedwa "feeder". Ili ndi dongosolo lina lomwe lili 2-8 mita kuchokera pabedi ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Muskrat anang'amba ngalande kuchokera m'matumba awo ndikupita "kuchipinda" chawo kuti athandizire kupeza zinthu.
Makoswe a Muscovy amathanso kukhala m'malo ngalande zapaulimi, pomwe pali chakudya ndi madzi ambiri. Kuzama kwamadzi oyenera kuti muskrat azikhala ndi kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 2.0 mita. Sakuvutika ndi malo opapatiza ndipo safuna madera akuluakulu. Njira zawo zofunika kukhazikitsira chakudya chochuluka chomwe chilipo, choperekedwa ngati mbewu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi. Kutalika kwa ma tunnel kumafika mamita 8-10. Khomo lolowera mnyumbamo silikuwoneka kuchokera panja, chifukwa limabisika pansi pamadzi. Ma muskrats ali ndi njira yapadera yomangira nyumba, yomwe imateteza ku madzi osefukira. Amachimanga m'magulu awiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nyama izi ndizosambira modabwitsa. Amakhalanso ndi kusintha kwina kwapadera - kupezeka kwa michere m'magazi ndi minofu kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m'madzi. Izi zimapatsa makoswe amtundu wokhoza kupirira nthawi yayitali osapeza mpweya.
Chifukwa chake amatha kuyenda m'madzi ataliatali. Milandu yanyama yomwe ili pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 12 yopanda mpweya mu labotale komanso kwa mphindi 17 kuthengo yalembedwa. Kudumphira m'madzi ndi luso lofunikira kwambiri kwa ma muskrats, omwe amawalola kuthawa msanga kwa nyama yomwe ikutsata. Chifukwa zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuyang'anira bwino anthu omwe akufuna zoipa komanso kusambira mosamala. Pamwamba, ma muskrats amasambira pamtunda wa pafupifupi makilomita 1.5-5 pa ola limodzi. Ndipo izi sizigwiritsa ntchito cholembera chinsinsi - mchira.
Amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuyenda pansi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kathupi kathupi ndikachulukidwe kake ndi ulesi, mayendedwe samawoneka osangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwamiyendo yakutsogolo, amakhala moyandikira pansi pa chibwano ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa. Pansi pamadzi posambira, ma muskrats amagwiritsa ntchito michira yawo potengera kukoka kopingasa. Kapangidwe ka matupi awo posambira kumawalola kusuntha mwachangu madzi kuti atsatire wolakwayo kapena kuzemba adani. Komanso, pothawa, maenje ngati ma tunnel atha kukhala othandiza, kudzera m'matope omwe amabisala bwino. Makoswe a Muscovy amatha kukumba molowera m'mbali mwa mtsinje ndikudikirira chilombocho pansi pazomera, zomwe zili pamwamba pamzere wamadzi.
Kapangidwe ka nyumbayo kamakupatsani mwayi wowonjezeramo kutentha kwake. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yozizira kwambiri yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya mumtsinje sikutsikira madigiri seshasi Celsius. Mpaka anthu asanu ndi mmodzi atha kukhala m'nyumba imodzi yachisanu nthawi imodzi. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu m'nyengo yozizira chimalola kuti chuma chizigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Nyama zomwe zilipo zambiri, zimakhala zotentha pamodzi.
Chifukwa chake, nyama zokhala pagulu zili ndi mwayi wambiri wokhala ndi chisanu kuposa anthu amodzi. Muskrats amatha kutenthedwa ndi kuzizira akakhala paokha. Mchira wamaliseche wa nyama, womwe nthawi zambiri umazizira, umakonda kwambiri kuzizira. Nthawi zambiri, ma muskrats amatha kutafuna mchira wawo wozizira kwambiri kuti upole msanga. Komanso milandu yakudya kwamkati nthawi zambiri imalembedwa. Zodabwitsazi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala mnyumba mosowa chakudya. Komanso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kulimbana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi malo.
Ndi ma muskrats angati omwe amakhala
Avereji ya chiyembekezo cha moyo wa muskrat ndi ochepera zaka 2-3... Zonsezi ndi zakufa kwakukulu kwa nyama zakutchire, zomwe ndi 87% ya anthu mchaka choyamba chamoyo, 11% mchaka chachiwiri, 2% otsala sakhala zaka 4. Kunyumba, ma muskrats amakhala zaka 9-10, atasinthidwa bwino. Mwa njira, kuwasunga mu ukapolo ndikosavuta. Muskrats amadyera chilichonse chomwe apatsidwa, ndipo amasangalala. Pakati pa kukula, mutha kuwonjezera pazakudya zomwe zili ndi calcium. Monga kanyumba tchizi, mkaka, nsomba zowonda ndi nyama. Makoswe a Musk amasintha msanga pamaso pa anthu, koma simuyenera kukhala atcheru. Nyama izi zimatha kunyamula matenda osiyanasiyana.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nkhani zoyambirira za mbiri yakale yaomwe amakhala ku America zikuwonetsa kuti ziweto zoyambirira zazikuluzikuluzi zidapezeka ku Wisconsin. Masamba a madambo sanawunikiridwe mpaka anthu ambiri atakhazikika m'derali. Munthawi imeneyi, anthu a muskrat adasinthasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha chilala chomwe chimasinthana ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu kudadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Masiku ano, anthu a muskrat adadziwika ndi mbiri yakale, koma amakhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Ndizosangalatsa!Dera lachilengedwe lili ku North America. Kuphatikizika kwa nyamazi kunkachitika ku Russia ndi ku Eurasia. Popita nthawi, kuti awonjezere chiwerengero chawo, adakhazikika m'maiko ena. Changu chimenechi chimakhudzana ndikugwiritsa ntchito zikopa za muskrat pakupanga mafakitale.
Muskrat mumakhala nyanja zamchere zamtundu uliwonse, ngalande, ndi mitsinje. Samanyoza madamu onse achilengedwe komanso opangidwa mwaluso. Amatha kupezeka ngakhale kufupi ndi mzindawu, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa munthu wapafupi sikuwopsa chilichonse. Makoswe a Muscovy amapezeka m'malo ozizira kwambiri madzi m'nyengo yozizira komanso malo opanda zomera zachilengedwe.
Zakudya za Muskrat
Muskrat ndi ogula achilengedwe apakatikati, makamaka akudya mbewu monga kabichi, bango, namsongole ndi zomera zina zomwe zimamera m'madzi komanso pafupi ndi gombe. Anthu ocheperako omwe amatha kudya nkhono, nkhanu, achule, nsomba ndi zovunda, ngati zilizonsezi zilipo zochuluka. Akuyerekeza kuti 5-7% yazosankha zamkati zimakhala ndi nyama.
M'nyengo yozizira, amasankha malo osungira zakudya, komanso mizu yapansi pamadzi ndi ma tubers omwe amapangira chakudya.... Nyama izi zimakonda kudyetsa osapitirira mita 15 kuchokera kunyumba kwawo ndipo, mwalamulo, sizipita, ngakhale pakufunika mwachangu, pamtunda wopitilira 150 mita.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ndiwoberekana okhaokha ndipo amatha msinkhu m'nyengo yoyamba itatha. Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba mu Marichi kapena Epulo kutengera nyengo yomwe amakhala. M'mayiko ofunda, kubereka kumatha kuchitika chaka chonse, chomwe ndi nthawi 4-5 pachaka, m'malo ozizira - nthawi 1-2.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kuyambira 4 mpaka 7 ana amabadwira m'zinyalala. Nthawi yoleza imakhala pafupifupi masiku 30, ndipo ma muskrats obadwa kumene amabadwa akhungu komanso amaliseche. Achinyamata, obadwa olemera pafupifupi magalamu 21, amakula mwachangu, amalandira chakudya kuchokera kwa amayi awo kwa milungu ina iwiri.
Muskrat wamphongo satenga nawo gawo pochulukitsa ana. Pafupifupi masiku 15, makanda amatsegula maso awo, kenako amatha ulendo wawo woyamba. Pafupifupi milungu inayi atabadwa, ma muskrats ang'onoang'ono amayenera kudzisamalira okha, koma nthawi zambiri amaloledwa kukhala kunyumba komwe adabadwira mpaka miyezi inayi. Pali chiwerewere chosagwirizana mwa anthu a muskrat. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 55% ya anthu ndi amuna.
Adani achilengedwe
Khoswe wa musky ndi nyama yofunikira kwambiri yodya nyama zambiri. Amasakidwa ndi agalu, mphalapala, akamba, ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa, akadzidzi ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zolusa. Minka ndi mmodzi mwa nyama zikuluzikulu zolusa abuluzi. Kafukufuku woyambirira wa ubale wapakati pazinthu ziwirizi adawonetsa kuti kukula kwazitsanzo za zinthu 297 zomwe zimakhala ndi mink scaffolds, 65.92% inali ndi zotsalira za muskrat.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Muskrat ndi nyama zofala, komabe, zaka 6 mpaka 10 zilizonse, anthu amachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwamanambala sikunakhazikitsidwe. Nthawi yomweyo, makoswe amtunduwu amakhala otakasuka kwambiri komanso amatha kusintha mosavuta mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.
Muskrat ndi munthu
Muskrat muskrat ndi imodzi mwazinyama zofunika kwambiri zonyamula ubweya. Mtengo wake waukulu kwambiri umakhala pakhungu lake lolimba, lofewa. Nyama ya makoswe amenewa imadyanso. M'mizinda yaku North America, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "kukwawa kwamadzi". Ili ndi dzina ili chifukwa chakulawa kwake komanso kapangidwe kake kazakudya.
Musky rodent amamuwona ngati "mkate ndi batala" wa msampha wa Wisconsin. 1970-1981 Zikopa miliyoni 32.7 zidakololedwa kuchokera ku "nsomba" zam'madambo a Wisconsin. Njira zambiri zoyendetsera boma zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri wokolola muskrat. Mofananamo, kuchuluka kwa anthu muskrat kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi kufalikira kwa matenda owononga.
Ndizosangalatsa!Muskrat wakhala akuchita mbali yofunikira pamsika waubweya wa Wisconsin. Mkati mwa zaka zochepa, nyama ya nyamazi inali chakudya chachikulu cha zomwe zinagulidwa ndi kugulitsidwa mu malonda a ubweya.
M'madera angapo ndi matupi amadzi, ma muskrats amawononga njira zothirira, madamu ndi madamu chifukwa chakutha kwawo. Chifukwa chake, minda yawonongeka, kulima mpunga kumavutika kwambiri ndi "kuyesetsa" kwawo. Kuchulukitsa kosalamulirika kwa ma muskrats kumatha kuwononga zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso zam'madzi, kuzidya ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya... Nyama zokongolazi zimatha kunyamula matenda opitilira 10 obadwa mwachilengedwe. Pakati pamndandanda, palinso paratyphoid wowopsa ndi tularemia.
Nthawi yomweyo, makoswe a musk ndiofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Amathandizira kukonza madambo ndikuwatsegulira, kutsitsa njira zam'madzi kudzera mukugwiritsa ntchito msipu kwa zomera. Izi zimalola kuyendetsa kosasunthika kwamitengo yosiyanasiyana yazomera, komanso tizilombo, mbalame zam'madzi ndi nyama zina.
