Nsomba za Marlin ndizoyimira za nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray za m'banja la Marlin (Istiorkhoridae). Ndi malo otchuka osodza masewera ndipo, chifukwa cha mafuta ake ambiri, yakhala nsomba yokongola pamsika wamalonda.
Kufotokozera kwa marlin
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtundu uwu udafotokozedwa zaka mazana awiri zapitazo ndi katswiri wazachipatala waku France a Bernard Laseped pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula, koma pambuyo pake nsomba za marlin zidapatsidwa mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mayina wamba. Pakadali pano, dzina lokhalo la Makair nigriсans ndilovomerezeka... Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek μαχαίρα, lomwe limatanthauza "Lupanga lalifupi".
Maonekedwe
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi Blue Marlin, kapena Atlantic Blue Marlin (Macairа nigriсans). Kukula kwakukulu kwa akazi achikulire kumadziwika, komwe kumatha kukhala pafupifupi kanayi kukula kwa thupi la amuna. Mwamuna wokhwima pogonana samafika mpaka pa kulemera kwa makilogalamu 140-160, ndipo mkazi nthawi zambiri amalemera 500-510 kg kapena kupitirirapo ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 500. Mtunda wochokera kudera la diso mpaka kunsonga kwa mkondowo ndi pafupifupi magawo makumi awiri pa zana a utali wonse wa nsomba. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba yolemera makilogalamu 636 inali ndi mbiri yolemera yolemetsa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Marlin wabuluu amakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri zakuthambo ndi zipsepse ziwiri zazimbudzi zomwe zimathandizira kuwala kwa mafupa. Mphero yoyamba yam'mbuyo imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa cheza 39-43, pomwe chachiwiri chimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa osunga sikisi kapena asanu ndi awiri okhawo.
Nyani yoyamba yomalizidwa, yofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kumapeto kwachiwiri, imakhala ndi cheza 13-16. Zipsepse zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono komanso zazitali zimatha kubwerera kumalo opumira, omwe amakhala mbali yotsatira. Zipsepse za m'chiuno ndizitali kuposa ma pectorals, koma zomalizazi zimadziwika ndi nembanemba yopanda kutukuka kwambiri komanso kukhumudwa mkati mwa poyambira.
Thupi lakumtunda kwa Atlantic Blue Marlin lili ndi utoto wakuda wabuluu, ndipo mbali zake za nsomba zotere zimasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira. Pa thupi pali mizere pafupifupi khumi ndi isanu ya mikwingwirima yamtundu wobiriwira wabuluu wokhala ndi madontho ozungulira kapena mikwingwirima yopyapyala. Kakhungu kam'mbali kotsalira koyamba kamakhala kakuda buluu kapena pafupifupi wakuda popanda zolemba kapena madontho. Zipsepse zina nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira komanso zobiriwira zakuda. M'munsi mwake mwa zipsepse zachiwiri ndi zoyamba kumatako kumayimba.
Thupi la nsombali limakutidwa ndi mamba yopyapyala komanso yopingasa. Mkondowo ndi wolimba komanso wautali, ndipo kupezeka kwa mano ang'onoang'ono, ngati mafayilo ndimakhalidwe a nsagwada ndi mafupa a palatine a oimira gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray.
Ndizosangalatsa! Marlins amatha kusintha mtundu wawo mwachangu ndikupeza mtundu wowala wabuluu pakusaka. Kusintha kwamtundu wotere kumachitika chifukwa cha ma iridophores, omwe amakhala ndimatumba, komanso ma cell owunikira owala.
Mzere wotsatira wa nsombayo uli ndi ma neuromasts, omwe amapezeka mumtsinjewo. Ngakhale mayendedwe ofooka m'madzi komanso kusintha konse koonekera pamavuto amatengedwa ndimaselo otere. Kutsegula kumatako kuli kumbuyo kwakumapeto kwa anal yoyamba. Marlin wabuluu, pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a banja la marlin, ali ndi ma vertebrae makumi awiri mphambu anayi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yam'madzi am'madzi amakonda kukhala kutali ndi gombe, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oyenda.... Mukuyenda, nsomba za banja lino zimatha kukhala ndi liwiro lalikulu ndikudumpha m'madzi mpaka kutalika kwa mita zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mabwato amatha kuyenda mwachangu mosavuta komanso mwachangu mpaka liwiro la makilomita 100-110 pa ola limodzi, chifukwa nthumwi za mitunduyo nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa nsomba zachangu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Nsomba zodya nyama zimatsogolera makamaka ku moyo wazikhalidwe, kusambira pafupifupi 60-70 km masana. Oimira banjali amadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi komwe kumayenda mtunda wamakilomita 7 mpaka 8,000. Monga tawonera m'maphunziro ndi zowonera zingapo, momwe ma marlins amasunthira m'mbali yamadzi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe osambira a shark wamba.
Ndi ma marlins angati omwe amakhala
Amuna amtundu wamtambo wamtambo amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo akazi a m'banjali amatha kukhala pafupifupi kotala la zana limodzi kapena kupitirirapo. Kutalika kwa moyo wamabwato sikumadutsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Mitundu ya marlin
Mitundu yonse yama marlin ili ndi matupi otambalala, komanso mphuno yofanana ndi mkondo ndi chikho chachitali cholimba;
- Mabwato apanyanja (Istiorhorus platyrterus) kuchokera ku mtundu wapanyanja Sailboats (Istiorkhorus). Chodziwikiratu kwambiri pa bwatolo ndi chimbudzi chachikulu chotalikirapo komanso chachitali, chokumbutsa boti, kuyambira kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikupita kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa nsomba. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwakuda ndi utoto wabuluu, ndipo mbali zake ndi zofiirira ndi utoto wabuluu. Malo am'mimba ndi oyera. M'mbali mwake pali malo ochulukirapo osakhala ofiira otuwa. Kutalika kwa anthu achikulire ndi mamitala angapo, ndipo nsomba zazikulu zimakhala pafupifupi mita zitatu mulitali makilogalamu zana;
- Mdima wakuda (Istiomax indiskuchokera ku mtundu wa Istiomax ndi wa gulu la nsomba zamalonda, koma kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimagwira padziko lapansi sikoposa matani zikwi zingapo. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha kusodza pamasewera chimakhala chophatikizika, koma osati thupi lopanikizika mozungulira, lokutidwa ndimiyeso yayitali komanso yolimba. Zipsepse zakumaso zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kamphindi kakang'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala kofanana mwezi. Kumbuyo kwake ndi buluu wakuda, ndipo mbali ndi mimba ndizoyera. Akuluakulu alibe mikwingwirima kapena mawanga pamatupi awo. Kutalika kwa nsomba wamkulu ndi masentimita 460-465 ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 740-750 kg;
- Atlantic yakumadzulo kapena wochepera mkondo (Tetrarturus pfluеgen) kuchokera ku mtundu wa Spearmen (Tetrarturus). Nsomba zamtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lamphamvu, lopindika, lolimba kwambiri kuchokera mbali, komanso limakhala ndi mphuno yayitali komanso yopyapyala, yooneka ngati mkondo, yozungulira gawo lonse. Zipsepse zam'chiuno ndizochepa kwambiri, zofanana kapena zazitali pang'ono kuposa zipsepse zam'mimba, zimabwereranso mu poyambira pamimba. Kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiira ndi utoto wabuluu, ndipo mbali zake zimakhala zoyera mosalala ndi mawanga abuluu osokonekera. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 250-254 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitirira 56-58 kg.
Malinga ndi mtunduwo, palinso mitundu yodziwika yoyimiriridwa ndi mkondo wamfupi, kapena khosi lalifupi, kapena mkondo wamfupi (Tetrarturus angustirostris), wonyamula mkondo ku Mediterranean, kapena Mediterranean marlin (Tetrarturus bélonе), South European gullet North, kapena Copenurus
Atlantic white spearman, kapena Atlantic white marlin (Kajikia albidus), Striped spearman, kapena striped marlin (Kajikia audax), komanso Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara), Atlantic blue marlin, kapena blue marlin (Ma albino a Istiorkhorus).
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Banja la marlin limayimilidwa ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri, yomwe imasiyana m'gawo lawo komanso malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, Sailfish fish (Istiorkhorus platyrterus) imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madzi a Red, Mediterranean ndi Black Sea. Kudzera m'madzi a Suez Canal, mabwato akuluakulu amalowa mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, komwe amasambira mosavuta kupita ku Black Sea.
Marlin wamtambo amapezeka m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira a m'nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo amapezeka makamaka kumadzulo. Mtundu wa Black Marlin (Makaira indis) umayimilidwa nthawi zambiri ndi madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Pacific ndi Indian Ocean, makamaka madzi a East China ndi Coral Seas.
Ma Spearheads, omwe ndi nsomba za m'nyanja za pelagic Oceanodromous, nthawi zambiri amapezeka osaphatikizana, koma nthawi zina amatha kupanga timagulu tating'onoting'ono tofananira. Mtunduwu umakhala m'madzi otseguka, umasankha kuya mkati mwa mita mazana awiri, koma pamwamba pa mphero yotentha.... Amakonda madera omwe amakhala ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa 26 ° C.
Zakudya za Marlin
Ma marlins onse ndi nyama zam'madzi zodya nyama. Mwachitsanzo, ma marlins akuda amadya mitundu yonse ya nsomba za pelagic, komanso amasaka nyama zam'madzi ndi nkhanu. M'madzi a Malaysia, maziko azakudya zamtunduwu akuyimiridwa ndi ma anchovies, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma mackerel, nsomba zouluka ndi squid.
Ma boti oyenda panyanja amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka kumtunda kwa madzi, kuphatikiza sardines, anchovies, mackerel ndi mackerel. Komanso, zakudya zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo ma crustaceans ndi cephalopods. Gawo lobowa la Atlantic blue marlin, kapena blue marlin, limadyetsa zooplankton, kuphatikiza mazira a plankton ndi mphutsi za mitundu ina ya nsomba. Akuluakulu amasaka nsomba, kuphatikizapo mackerel, komanso squid. Pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere ndi zilumba zam'nyanja, mbalame yamtambo imadyetsa nsomba za nsomba zosiyanasiyana za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Anthu othamanga ang'onoang'ono kapena akumadzulo kwa Atlantic amadya nyamayi ndi nsomba m'madzi apamwamba, koma zakudya zomwe zamoyozi zimadya ndizosiyana. M'madera akumwera kwa Nyanja ya Caribbean, othamanga ochepa amadya Ommastrephidae, hering'i ndi tarsier waku Mediterranean. Kumadzulo kwa Atlantic, zakudya zazikuluzikulu ndi nyanja ya Atlantic, njoka yamchere, ndi cephalopods, kuphatikizapo Ornithoteuthis antillarum, Hyaloteuthis pisa, ndi Tremostorus violaceus.
Spearmen akukhala kumadera otentha kumpoto ndi kotentha kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic amakonda nsomba ndi cephalopods. M'mimba mwa ma marlins amenewa, nsomba zidapezeka m'mabanja khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikiza gempilidae (Gempylidae), nsomba zouluka (Exocetidae), ndi mackerel fish (Scombridae, komanso sea bream (Bramidae).
Kubereka ndi ana
Kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa hemispheres, mikondo ing'onoing'ono imakhwima ndikuyamba kubala masiku ofanana ndi kalendala, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kuti anthu onse omwe ali mumtunduwu ndi ofanana. Akazi a mikondo ing'onoing'ono amangobereka kamodzi pachaka.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Beluga
- Sturgeon
- Tuna
- Moray
Mdima wakuda umatulutsa kutentha kwa 27-28 ° C, ndipo nthawi yobala imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe amderali. Mwachitsanzo, m'madzi a ku South China Sea, nsomba zimayamba kutulutsa m'mwezi wa Meyi ndi Juni, komanso mdera lakunyanja la Taiwan, mtundu uwu umayamba kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Coral, nthawi yobereka ndi Okutobala-Disembala, komanso pagombe la Queensland, mu Ogasiti-Novembala. Kubzala kumagawidwa, ndikubala kwa munthu m'modzi mpaka mazira mamiliyoni makumi anayi.
Kubzala mabwato kumachitika kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, m'madzi otentha komanso oyandikana ndi equator. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mazira apakatikati komanso osakakamira, ma pelagic, koma akulu samasamalira ana awo. Mabwato onse ndi mitundu yofananira yabanjayi, yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wofananira, amadziwika ndi kubereka kwakukulu, chifukwa chake, nthawi ina yobereka, mkazi amatayira magawo angapo mazira pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Gawo lamphutsi la ma marlins limakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukula kwakanthawi kocheperako kumakhala pafupifupi mamilimita khumi ndi asanu patsiku.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, gawo lalikulu la ana nthawi zambiri limatha kumangoyamba kumene. Mazira odziwika, malo oyambira ndi mwachangu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi nyama zambiri zam'madzi.
Adani achilengedwe
Kwa nsomba zazikuluzikulu zamtundu wa Atlantic, kapena marlins a buluu, ndi nsombazi zoyera zokha (Carsharodon carcharias) ndi mako shark (Isurus ohyrhinchhus) ndizoopsa kwambiri. Pazaka zambiri zakafukufuku, zinali zotheka kutsimikizira kuti marlin abuluu ali ndi mitundu yochepera atatu ya tiziromboti, tomwe titha kuyimilidwa ndi monogenes, cestode ndi nematodes, ma copepods, aspidogastras ndi ma scraper, komanso ma trematode ndi ma barnacle. Pa thupi la nyama zazikulu zam'madzi izi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala nsomba zomata, zomwe zimagwira ntchito makamaka pakhomalo.
Ma marlins amtambo amathanso kusaka nsomba zazikulu ngati zoyera za Atlantic. Komabe, mpaka pano, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala m'madzi kumayambitsidwa ndi anthu okha. Maboti oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi amakonda kwambiri kusodza kwambiri. Njira yayikulu yosodza ndi kusodza kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe nsomba yamtengo wapatali iyi imagwidwa limodzi ndi tuna ndifishfish.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Cuba ndi Florida, California ndi Tahiti, Hawaii ndi Peru, komanso Australia ndi New Zealand, asodzi nthawi zambiri amakwera mabwato oyenda ndi ma reel opota.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kusodza mitundu yambiri ya marlin kumachitika makamaka m'madzi a Indian Ocean. Zigwire zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizazikulu kwambiri, ndipo mayiko omwe akugulitsa nsomba kwambiri ndi Japan ndi Indonesia. Pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba, zingwe zazitali komanso zida zapadera zosodza. Marlin ndiwofunika kwambiri posaka ndipo amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi asodzi amasewera.
Pakadali pano, gawo lalikulu la nsomba zomwe asodzi agwira limamasulidwa nthawi yomweyo kuthengo. Nyama ya marlin yokoma, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi malo odyera okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso olemekezeka, idathandizira kugwira ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, chifukwa chake nyama zam'madzi zidaphatikizidwa mu Red Book ngati mtundu wosatetezeka.
