Ma lemurs am'madzi (lat. Сheirogaleidae) ndi nyama zakutchire zomwe zimachokera kunyanjayi. Banja ili, lomwe limapezeka kudera lalikulu la Madagascar, limaphatikizaponso lemurs wamakoswe ndi mbewa.
Kufotokozera kwa pygmy lemurs
Ma pygmy lemurs amoyo ali ndi zinthu zina zakale, zomwe zimapangitsa zinyama zotere kukhala umboni wabwino kwambiri wazomwe tidachokera. Komabe, anthu oterewa ku Madagascar otentha samakhala ngati anyani aliwonse odziwika bwino komanso omwe amaphunziridwa ndi anthu masiku ano.
Maonekedwe
Ma lemg achi Pygmy ndi nyama zokhala ndi michira yayitali komanso mawonekedwe, otukuka kwambiri, maso otupa.... Mutu wa pygmy lemur ndi waufupi, wokhala ndi mphuno yozungulira. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyotalikirapo pang'ono kuposa miyendo yakutsogolo, koma zala zonse za nyamayi ndizopangidwa mofananamo, zodziwika ndi zikhadabo zolimba komanso zakuthwa. Makutu ausinkhu wokulirapo amaphimbidwa ndi ochepa komanso abwino kwambiri, tsitsi lambiri panja.
Ubweya wa nyama zazing'ono ndi wofewa, ndipo m'malo ena amatchulidwa kuti silkiness. Kumbuyo kwake, malayawo ndi opota komanso osakhwima. Ma lemurs am'madzi omwe amakhala mdera lotentha la Madagascar amasiyanitsidwa ndi tsitsi lofiira lofiirira. Nyama zonse zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zowuma kumadzulo kwa Madagascar zili ndi ubweya wakuda kumbuyo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zocheperako mpaka pano ndi mbewa zazing'ono lemurs, ndipo kulemera kwapakati pa munthu wamkulu wamtunduwu ndiopitilira 28-30 magalamu.
Mtundu wa maso a anyaniwa zimadalira mtundu wa mitunduyo, koma nthawi zambiri nyamayo imakhala ndi maso ofiira kapena ofiira-achikasu. Mwa mitundu makumi atatu, ndi mbewa lemurs yomwe ndi yotchuka kwambiri, popeza lero nyama zoterezi zimagulidwa nthawi zambiri ndi akatswiri azinyama zosowa monga chiweto.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mamembala onse am'banja la Dwarf lemur ndi nyama zanyengo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kokha ndikayamba mdima, zomwe zimafotokozera maso akulu omwe amawona bwino usiku chifukwa cha makhiristo apadera owala. Masana, nyama zamtunduwu zimagona, ndikupendekera ngati mpira. Pogona kapena kupumula, makamaka mabowo amitengo ndi zisa zabwino zopangidwa ndi udzu, timagulu tating'ono ndi masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'malo osungira nyama, ma pygmy lemurs, pamodzi ndi nyama zina zakutchire, zimasungidwa m'malo apadera kapena maholo omwe amatchedwa "Nyani wam'masiku". Masana, mdima wokwanira umasungidwa bwino muzipinda zoterezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zilizonse zakugona usiku zizikhala omasuka ndikusamalira zochitika zawo zachilengedwe. Usiku, m'malo mwake, kuwala kumayatsa, motero ma lemu amagona.
Oimira onse am'banja lalikulu kwambiri ayenera kukhala m'gulu la nyama zapadera pakati pa anyani otchuka.... Lingaliro ili limafotokozedwa mosavuta ndikuthekera kwa nyama kutha nthawi yayitali ndikumachita dzanzi kapena makanema oimitsidwa.
Munthawi imeneyi, kuchepa kwamagetsi kumachepetsa ndipo kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa thupi kumachitika, chifukwa chake nyamayo imapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri. Osabisalapo chisa, mphanda zamizeremizere za ma lemurs m'makona amitengo, ndikugona ndikupumula pamalo okhazikika, mitu yawo itatsitsidwa pakati pamiyendo yakutsogolo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutulutsa mawu kwa lemur kumayimiriridwa ndi mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe anyani otere amatha kulumikizana, ndipo mawu ena amatha kufalitsa pamlingo wopanga.
Pofika nyengo yotentha, panthawi yokonzekera nyengo yozizira, ma pygmy lemurs amayamba kudya mwakhama, zomwe zimapangitsa kulemera kwa nyama kangapo. Malo osungira mafuta amadzikundikira kumunsi kwa mchira, pambuyo pake amadyedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi thupi la lemur panthawi yazosangalatsa. Mwachilengedwe, ma pygmy lemurs amakonda kukhala okha kapena amatha kukhala awiriwiri. Amayenda mochenjera kwambiri polumpha kapena kudumphadumpha m'nthambi za korona wamtengo, pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yonse inayi.
Ma lemurs amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Pakati pa lemurs, pali kusiyana pakukhala moyo wonse. Mwachitsanzo, mbewa zamtundu wa mbewa za Kokerel zimakhala m'chilengedwe kwazaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, ndipo nthumwi za mitundu ya mtundu wa mbewa yaimvi mu ukapolo zimakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu kapena kupitirirapo.
Mitundu ya pygmy lemurs
Mpaka pano, banja la Dwarf lemur limakhala ndi mibadwo isanu, ndipo likuyimiridwanso ndi mitundu khumi ndi itatu, mwa yomwe ili motere:
- Mafuta a pygmy lemurs (Сheirоgаlеus medius) - mukhale ndi kutalika kwa thupi pakati pa 6.0-6.1 masentimita ndi mchira wa 13.5-13.6 cm ndi thupi la 30.5-30.6 g;
- Ma pygmy lemurs akulu (Сheirogаlеus mаjоr) - yodziwika ndi mchira wawufupi kwambiri, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino m'munsi;
- Mbewa lemurs Coquerela (Mirza coquereli) - amasiyana kutalika kwa thupi ndi mutu mkati mwa 18-20 masentimita ndi mchira osapitilira 32-33 masentimita ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi kwa 280-300 g;
- Pygmy mbewa lemurs (Miсrocebus myokinus) - ndi imodzi mwazinyani zazing'ono kwambiri zolemera 43-55 g ndi kutalika kwa 20-22 cm;
- Imvi mbewa lemur (Microcebus murinus) - m'modzi mwa akulu akulu amtunduwu ndipo ali ndi kulemera kwa 58-67 g;
- Lemurs ofiira ofiira (Microcebus rufus) - amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 50 g wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pakati pa 12.0-12.5 cm ndi mchira - 11.0-11.5 cm;
- Mbewa za Bertha Lemurs (Мicrocebus berthаe) - Zomwe zimapezeka pachilumba cha Madagascar pakadali pano ndi anyani ocheperako omwe amadziwika ndi sayansi ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 9.0-9.5 cm wokhala ndi wamkulu wa 24-37 g;
- Lemurs aubweya (Allocebus trichotis) - kukhala kutalika kwa 28-30 masentimita ndi kulemera avareji zosaposa 80-100 g;
- Lemurs ya mafoloko (PHаner furсifеr) - mukhale ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 25-27 cm ndi mchira pamlingo wa 30-38 cm.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mu 2012, kum'mawa kwa nkhalango ya Sahafina, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 50 kuchokera kudera la Mantadia National Park, mtundu watsopano udapezeka - Mbewa Lemur Herpa kapena Microcebus gerpi.
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi imaperekedwa ku mtundu wa Cheirogaleus kapena Rat lemurs, ndipo mtundu wa Microsebus kapena Mouse lemurs umayimilidwa ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri. Lero mtundu wa Mirza umawerengedwa kuti ndi wocheperako.
Malo, magawidwe
Сheirogaleus medius imagawidwa kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Madagascar, komwe kumakhala nkhalango zowuma komanso zowuma, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri masamba ochepa. Mitundu ya Сheirogaleus majоr imakhala m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango komanso nkhalango kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Madagascar, ndipo nthawi zina imapezeka kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Madagascar.
Ma lemurs okhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira (Сheirogaleus crоssleyi) amakhala m'nkhalango zakumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Madagascar, ndipo ma lemurs am'madzi aku Siberia (Сheirogaleus sibreei) amagawidwa kum'mawa kokha kwa chilumbachi. Oimira mitundu ya Mirza coquereli asankha nkhalango zowuma za Western Madagascar. Atapezedwa ndi Kappeler kokha mu 2005, Great Northern Mouse Lemur ndi nyama yomwe imapezeka kumpoto kwa Madagascar.
Microcebus myokinus amakhala m'nkhalango zouma zosakanikirana ndi zonunkhira za pachilumbachi ndi Kirindi Natural Park, ndipo malo achilengedwe a mitundu ya Microcebus rufus ndi nkhalango zachiwiri komanso zoyambirira, kuphatikiza malamba am'madera otentha a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madera achiwiri a nsungwi.
Zakudya zamadzimadzi
Pafupifupi oimira omnivorous a Dwarf lemur banja samagwiritsa ntchito chakudya osati zipatso ndi makungwa okha, komanso maluwa ndi timadzi tokoma, pokhala mungu wochokera ku zomera zambiri. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndikutsika pang'ono, komwe kumawalola kusaka mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, komanso nyama zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo akangaude ndi mbalame zazing'ono, achule ndi abuluzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuchuluka kwa zomera sikokwanira nthawi zonse kudyetsa nyama, chifukwa chake ma lemurs amagwiritsa ntchito kupumula kwakanthawi kapena amachepetsa zochitika zawo zolimbitsa thupi kuti athe kulimbitsa mphamvu zawo.
Mwazina, anyani am'madzi nthawi zambiri amadzipukusa okha ponyambita timadziti ta zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi lilime lawo lalitali. Mano amtundu wa lemur ali ndi kapangidwe kapadera, chifukwa chake, amasinthidwa bwino kuti azitha kudula khungwa la mtengo, lomwe limapangitsa kuti timadziti ta michere tizitsamba tiziyenda bwino.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oimira banja la Dwarf lemur kumangokhala munthawi yamtundu wina, ndipo machitidwe oswana a anyani anyaniwa amayimiriridwa ndi kulira mokweza ndikukhudza mnzawoyo. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo yobereketsa ya pygmy lemur yomwe ndi yamafuta ndi Okutobala. Maubwenzi apabanja atha kukhala amodzi kapena mitala.... Monga lamulo, mkazi amabala ana chaka chilichonse, koma nthawi yonse ya mimba imasiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pakadutsa miyezi ingapo ali ndi pakati, yaikazi imabereka ana awiri kapena atatu okhwima bwino. Mimba yamatenda akuluakulu a pygmy amatha miyezi yopitilira iwiri, ndipo ana omwe amabadwa amadyetsedwa mkaka wa amayi masiku 45-60. Mitundu ya Mirza coquereli imanyamula ana ake pafupifupi miyezi itatu, kenako mwana mmodzi mpaka anayi amabadwa. Kulemera kwa pygmy lemur wakhanda ndi magalamu 3.0-5.0 okha. Ana amabadwa akhungu, koma amatsegula maso awo mwachangu kwambiri.
Akabadwa, achichepere amapachika pamimba pa amayi awo, amamatira ku tsitsi la mkazi ndi ziwalo zawo, koma akuluakulu amatha kunyamula anawo pakamwa. Nthawi zambiri, atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, ana a Pygmy Lemur amatha kukwera mosavuta komanso mwachangu mitengo kapena mitengo, koma poyamba amatsatira amayi awo mosatopa.
Zofunika! Nyama ikangoyamwa kuyamwa poyamwa, nthawi yomweyo imapeza ufulu wodziyimira pawokha.
Zinyama zimakula msinkhu umodzi ndi theka kapena zaka ziwiri, koma ngakhale pofika msinkhuwu, nyamayo imalumikizana kwambiri ndi kholo lawo, chifukwa chake kulira kwamphamvu kumamveka kwa mayi. Nthawi yoswana nyengo, mitunduyi imadziwika mosavuta ndi mawu amnzake, omwe amalepheretsa kusakanikirana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikufanana kwakunja.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira zachilengedwe komanso amakhala nthawi yayitali atetezedwa ndi korona wamtengo, mamembala amtundu wa lemwarf nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zodya nyama zambiri.
Adani akuluakulu amtundu woterewa m'malo awo achilengedwe, amaimiridwa ndi kadzidzi wa nkhono zazitali ndi nkhokwe za ku Madagascar, komanso nkhwangwa zazikulu ndi zitsime, njoka zina, kuphatikiza boa yamtengo.
Ma lemurs am'madzi amathanso kusakidwa ndi nyama zina zodya nyama, kuphatikiza mungo wopapatiza komanso wopindika, komanso ma fossas, omwe ndi oimira okhawo omwe ndi am'banja la Madagascar civet. Nthawi zambiri, oimira banja la Dwarf lemur amenyedwa ndi mongoose kapena agalu achikulire akulu amitundu yayikulu.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupifupi 25% ya mbewa lemurs amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha ziwopsezo zamitundu yonse yodya nyama. Komabe, malinga ndi kuwunika kwakanthawi, kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakati pa anthu onse kumatha kuchira mwachangu kwambiri chifukwa cha njira yobereketsa ya anyani anyani.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, mitundu yonse ya ma lemurs idapatsidwa gawo lotetezera, ndipo gawo lalikulu la anyani osowa amadziwika kuti ndi omwe ali pangozi. Oimira mitundu ina, makamaka ma lemurs a Hairy-eared lemurs, pano akuwoneka kuti awopsezedwa kuti atheratu.
Izi ndichifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachangu m'nkhalango zowonongedwa komanso kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa akulu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya, komanso kuwalandiranso kuti akagulitsidwe ngati ziweto zotchuka komanso zosowa. Anthu amakopeka ndi kamphindi kakang'ono ka chinyama ndi maso ake owonetsetsa, koma akawasunga m'ndende, anyani oterewa amafunika kupereka zinthu zoyandikira kwambiri chilengedwe.
