Mphaka wamchenga, kapena mphaka wamchenga (Felis margarita) ndi nyama yoyamwa. Mitunduyi, yomwe ndi yamphongo yaying'ono komanso amphaka ang'onoang'ono, imayimilidwa ndi ma subspecies angapo.
Kufotokozera kwa mphaka wa mchenga
Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zina zamtchire, amphaka amchenga amadziwika ndi kukula kocheperako komanso mawonekedwe oyambilira.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyana masentimita 65-90, pomwe pafupifupi 40% imagwera mchira... Kutalika kwambiri kwa mphaka wa mchenga wofota sikufika pa masentimita 24 mpaka 30. Amuna amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi, koma thupi lawo siliposa 2.1-3.4 kg. Nyama yodya nyamayi imakhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso wokulirapo, wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi zotumphuka. Makutu akulu ndi otakata mulibe ngayaye. Maso amadziwika ndi chikasu chachikaso komanso ophunzira.
Mphaka wamchenga amakhala ndi zikhasu zazifupi komanso zolimba, zopangidwa bwino, ndipo mapazi amakhala okutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba, lomwe limateteza ziyangoyango paws kuti zisatenthedwe poyenda pamchenga wotentha padzuwa. Ubweya wa mphaka wa dune ndi wandiweyani komanso wofewa, chifukwa chake umatha kuteteza bwino thupi la nyama yowonongeka kuti isatenthedwe kwambiri usiku komanso kutentha kwambiri masiku otentha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu omwe amakhala mdera la Central Asia amakhala ndiubweya wonyezimira, wotchedwa "ubweya wachisanu" wokhala ndi mchenga wosakhwima wokhala ndi utoto pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira.
Mtundu wa ubweyawo umasiyana pamitundu ya mchenga yosawala kwambiri mpaka imvi. Pali mikwingwirima yakuda, yakuda kumbuyo ndi kumchira, yomwe imatha kuphatikizika ndi utoto wonse waubweya. Chikhalidwe pamutu ndi miyendo ndi chakuda ndipo chimatchulidwa. Nsonga ya mchira wa mphaka wamchere imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda. Chibwano ndi chifuwa chokhacho cha nyama yachilendo chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Nyama yodya zinyama ija imagona usiku, chifukwa chake, ndikayamba kulowa, nyama imachoka mumtsinje wake ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, kuti apeze chakudya chokha, mphaka wa dune umayenda makilomita khumi, ndipo gawo lonselo lotetezedwa ndi chinyama chotere ndi makilomita khumi ndi asanu.
Nthawi zina zolusa zimadutsana ndi anzawo ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo, omwe mwamtheradi amadziwika ndi nyama zoterezi... Pambuyo posaka, mphaka wa dune abwereranso kumalo ake, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chilombo mumtsinje womwe nkhandwe inasiyidwa, komanso maenje a nungu, mbewa zamphongo kapena makoswe am'chipululu omwe ndi akulu mokwanira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asanachoke pamalowo, mphaka amaundana komanso kumamvera zachilengedwe kuti apewe ngozi, ndipo pambuyo pa kusaka, nyamayo imamvetsera, kuyesera kudziwa ngati mnyumbayo sinakhalepo pomwe iye kulibe.
Nthawi zambiri, nyama yolusa imabisala padzuwa paphompho kapena imadzimangira yokha malo obisalapo pansi, ndikukumba ndi mapapo olimba. Mphaka wamchenga amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mvula, chifukwa chake imakonda kuti isasiye malo ake mvula. Nyamayo imathamanga mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuwonekeranso pansi ndikusintha mayendedwe ake. Mphaka wamkulu amatha kuthamanga 35-40 km / h.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yayitali yamphaka wamchenga ikasungidwa kunyumba komanso m'malo achilengedwe siyimasiyana kwambiri, ndipo ili pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi zitatu.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Amphaka kapena amphaka amchenga amasinthidwa kukhala amoyo m'malo ovuta komanso ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa adadziwika ndi dzina. Nyama zodya nyama zimakhala m'malo owuma kwambiri padziko lathu lapansi, kuphatikiza madera a Sahara, Arabia Peninsula, Central Asia ndi Pakistan.
Nyama imamva bwino momwe ingathere m'malo am'chipululu ouma, koma nthawi zina amphaka amphaka amapezeka m'mphepete mwa miyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'zipululu zadongo. Zimathandiza kupulumuka mosavuta m'malo ovuta posaka anthu okhala m'chipululu, omwe amaimiridwa ndi makoswe, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono, tizilombo komanso njoka.
Mitundu yamphaka ya dune, kutengera mawonekedwe amtundu wa kufalitsa ndi utoto, imaphatikizanso tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono:
- F.m. margarita - subspecies yaying'ono kwambiri, yowala kwambiri, kuyambira mphete ziwiri mpaka zisanu zakuda kumchira;
- F.m. alireza - yayikulu kwambiri, yakuda kwambiri, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofooka, subspecies, yomwe ili ndi mphete ziwiri kapena zitatu zokha;
- F.m. alireza - mitundu ikufanana ndi subspecies zam'mbuyomu, koma ndi mawonekedwe olimba komanso mphete zingapo kumchira;
- F.m. alireza - ali ndi malo kumbuyo kwa khutu, ndipo akulu amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mphete zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kumchira.
Mumchenga wa m'chipululu cha Sahara, Felis margarita margarita amakhala, komanso ku Arabia Peninsula - Felis margarita harrisoni. Ku Pakistan, subspecies Felis margarita sсheffeli amapezeka, ndipo gawo la Iran ndi Turkmenistan lakhala chilengedwe cha mphaka wa Trans-Caspian.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a mphaka wamchenga m'malo ake achilengedwe ndi nkhandwe, mimbulu ndi mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama. Mwazina, anthu, omwe nthawi zambiri amasaka nyama zakutchire kuti agulitse, zimasokoneza kwenikweni kuchuluka kwa nyamazi. Mtundu uwu wamtchire wamtchire tsopano ukutetezedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikudziwika, chifukwa chobisalira nyama yolusa.
Zakudya, zomwe mphaka amadya
Amphaka amchenga ndi am'gulu lazinyama zodya nyama, chifukwa chake chakudya cha nyama yotereyi chimayimiriridwa ndi ma gerbils, ma jerboas ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono, abuluzi, akangaude ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zina mphaka wamchenga amasaka tolai kalulu ndi mbalame, zomwe zisa zawo zawonongeka. Nyamayo ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imangodya theka, chinyama chimayiyika mumchenga, kuyisunga kuti ingafune kusaka.
Amphaka a Dune amadziwikanso ndi kusaka kwawo bwino mitundu yonse ya njoka zapoizoni, kuphatikiza ngakhale njoka yaminyanga. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yanjala yachisanu, nyamazi zodya nyama nthawi zambiri zimayandikira midzi, koma, monga lamulo, sizimenyera ziweto kapena mbalame. Mphaka wamchenga ndi msaka wabwino kwambiri, ndipo zikhomo za zikopa, zokutidwa ndi ubweya, sizimasiya zilembo pamchenga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tithokoze makutu olowera kumunsi, chilombocho chimatha kukonza ngakhale kuyenda pang'ono kwa nyama yake, ndipo kukula kwa mphaka wamtchire kumalola kuti izisaka mwaluso kwambiri ndikupeza masewerawa ikadumpha.
Pokasaka, pamaso pa kuwala kwa mwezi, nyama imakhala pansi ndikuthyola maso ake, kuti asazindikiridwe ndi fungo, nyamayo imabisa chimbudzi chake mumchenga. Amphaka amchenga amchenga amatha kulandira chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera pachakudya, kotero amatha kuchita popanda madzi akumwa oyera kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kubereka ndi ana
Amphaka amtchire amapezeka awiriawiri pokhapokha nyengo yakumasirana. Nyengo yakumasirana imayamba mosamalitsa payekhapayekha, kutengera mtundu wa zamoyo ndi nyengo momwe nyama yodya nyama imakhalira.
Mwachitsanzo, nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Central Asia zimaswana nthawi yachilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, pomwe zili m'chipululu cha Sahara, zimakhalira nthawi yachisanu kapena masika. Amuna amadziwitsa akazi za kukonzeka kwawo kuswana ndi phokoso lalikulu, kukumbukira zomwe galu akuwa kapena nkhandwe.
Pobereka, mkazi amasankha mzere waukulu komanso womasuka. Nthawi yoti mphaka wachimuna wonyamula ana amatha miyezi ingapo, ndipo zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ana anayi kapena asanu. Nthawi zambiri, ana asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu amabadwira mu zinyalala. Ana obadwa kumene obadwa kumenewo ndi akhungu, ndipo kulemera kwawo sikupitirira 28-30 g Mkaziyo ali ndi ma peyala anayi a mawere, omwe amamuthandiza kudyetsa ana ake popanda vuto lililonse. Mu milungu itatu kapena inayi yoyambirira, njira zokula mwachangu zimawonedwa, chifukwa chake ana amphaka amakhala onenepa pafupifupi 6-7 g tsiku lililonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati munyengo yamatchi amphaka wamtchire amalira mokweza, kukuwa, ndiye kuti m'moyo wamba, nyama yotere imangodumphadumpha, kulira ndi kulira, komanso kudziwa kutsuka.
Monga lamulo, kuyambira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka, makanda amphaka owopsa amayesa kusaka ndi kukumba maenje. Pakabowola mkazi, makanda obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri amakhala mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu, pambuyo pake amapeza ufulu wonse. Amphaka a Velvet amakula msinkhu pakadutsa miyezi 9-15. Kukula kwa kufa kwa amphaka amchenga achichepere ndi pafupifupi 40-41%.
Zoweta za mphaka wamchenga
Mchitidwe wapamwamba wokhala ndi chiweto chachilendo, makamaka mphaka wakutchire, sakanatha kunyalanyaza mphaka wamchenga. Pakadali pano, ndizotheka kugula nyama yolusa yapamwamba komanso yotchuka ya ma ruble 200-250,000 kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati mwachilengedwe kuswana kwa nyama yodyetsa kumasiyana nyengo ndi nyengo ndipo kumangokhala kudera linalake, ndiye kuti amphaka amchenga amchenga, monga lamulo, amaswana chaka chonse.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti amphaka a dune ndiosavuta kuweta ndipo amasinthidwa kuti akhale akapolo, chifukwa chake kuwayika mnyumba sikovuta kwambiri kuposa amphaka wamba. Ngakhale ali ndi "nyama zakutchire", nyamayo yodya nyama imatha kuphunzira kuthana ndi zosowa zachilengedwe mu thireyi, kuzindikira mwini wake ndi mamembala onse apanyumba, komanso kusewera mosangalala kwambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi ndikofunikira kugula zoseweretsa zapadera zopangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba komanso zachilengedwe, zomwe zimalola kuti nyamayo isangalale yokha. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukonzekereratu mphaka wa dune ndi malo otentha komanso ofunda okwanira kupumula ndi kugona.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyama yakudya, ikasungidwa kunyumba, imatha kuwonongeka ndimatenda osiyanasiyana.... Kuti tisunge chiweto chachilendo ichi osati thanzi lokha, komanso moyo, ndikofunikira kutsatira ndondomeko ya katemera, yomwe ikufanana ndi kalendala ya katemera wa mphaka wamba:
- katemera woyamba pa miyezi iwiri ya panleukopenia, matenda a calcium, chlamydia ndi herpesvirus rhinotracheitis ndikubwezeretsanso mwezi umodzi;
- miyezi itatu ndiyeno chaka chilichonse amatemera katemera wa chiwewe.
Zakudya zamphaka wa dune ziyenera kuyimiriridwa ndi nsomba ndi nyama yaiwisi yopyapyala ndi mafupa, ndipo ndizokhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chouma kapena chonyowa chomwe chimapangidwira kudyetsa amphaka. Nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kupereka mavitamini okhala ndi calcium. Ndikofunikanso kupereka mwayi kwa nyamayo nthawi ndi nthawi kusaka nyama yamoyo, kukhutiritsa zosowa zawo zachilengedwe komanso chibadwa chawo.
Pofuna kukhala ndi thanzi komanso popewa matenda ambiri, mphaka wa velvet uyenera kusuntha kwambiri, choncho njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuisunga osati m'nyumba, koma kumidzi, m'nyumba yabanja yokhala ndi malo okwanira m'deralo. Obereketsa, komanso eni amphaka amchenga osungidwa kunyumba, amati tsitsi la chiweto sichimayambitsa zovuta, ndipo njira yosinthira ukapolo, mosiyana ndi serval ndi caracal, ndiyosavuta komanso mwachangu.
