Ma Alligator (Аlligator) ndi gulu loyimiriridwa ndi mitundu iwiri yamasiku ano: American, kapena Mississippian, alligator (Аlligator mississirriensis) ndi Chinese alligator (Аlligator sinensis), omwe ali mgulu la Ng'ona ndi banja la Alligator.
Kufotokozera kwa Alligator
Mitundu yonse yamatembale amakono, limodzi ndi achibale awo ng'ona ndi ma caimans, amafanana kwambiri ndi abuluzi akulu kwambiri.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa chokwawa chachikulu ndi mamita atatu kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala makilogalamu mazana angapo.... Ngakhale kukula kwakukulu, nthumwi zoterezi za ng'ona ndi banja la Alligator zimasangalala osati m'malo am'madzi okha, komanso pamtunda. Chizindikiro cha chilombo chokhetsa magazi chotere, chomwe chimangodya chakudya chanyama chokha, ndichokhoza kuthana ndi nyama zazikulu zokha komanso anthu.
Thupi la alligator limakutidwa ndi mbale zoteteza zamtundu wa mafupa. Pamiyendo yofupikitsidwa yakumaso pali zala zisanu, ndipo pamapazi akumbuyo pali zala zinayi. Ma Alligator ali ndi kamwa yayikulu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi mano 74-84. Mano otayika amatha kumera pakapita kanthawi.
Mtundu wa alligator ndi wamdima, koma zimatengera mtundu wa malo okhala. Ngati kuchuluka kwa zomera ngati ndere zikupezeka m'madzi osungira, ndiye kuti chokwawa chimapeza utoto wobiriwira. Kuchuluka kwa asidi wothira ndimikhalidwe yamadambo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake nyamayo imakhala ndi bulauni wonyezimira, wonyezimira. M'madzi akuda, ma alligator ndi abulauni, pafupifupi akuda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma Alligator, mosasamala mtundu wawo wamtundu, ndi osambira abwino, koma ngakhale atalowa kumtunda, zokwawa zotere zimatha kukhala ndi liwiro labwino, mpaka makilomita 15-20 pa ola limodzi.
Oimira dongosolo la Ng'ona ndi banja la Alligator ali ndi maso ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu owonera ophunzira. Chifukwa cha zikopa za mafupa, maso a zokwawa zija zimawala kwambiri. Ndi kuyamba kwa usiku, maso a munthu wamkulu amawala ndi mtundu wofiyira, ndipo achichepere kwambiri - obiriwira. Pofuna kupewa kupuma kwam'mapapo kuti musamire m'madzi, mphuno zake zimakutidwa ndi zikopa zapadera.
Chida chofunikira cha alligator wamkulu chimayimiridwa ndi mchira wawukulu, wosinthasintha, wamphamvu kwambiri, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi ½ kukula kwa thupi lonse. Gawo la mchira ndi chida chosunthika, chida champhamvu komanso chosowa m'malo poyenda. Ndi mchira pomwe ma alligator amakonzekeretsa zisa zabwino komanso zodalirika kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, gawo la mchira limagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mafuta m'nyengo yozizira.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma Alligator nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti ndi nyama zokwawa kwambiri, olekerera abale awo. Komabe, nthumwi za dongosolo la ng'ona ndi banja la Alligator zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa malo amtundu wina wanyengo. Poyamba gawo lobereketsa, nyamazi nthawi zonse zimangotsatira malo awo ochepa, otetezedwa mwamphamvu kuti asalowere amuna ena.
Zazimuna ndi zazing'ono zamagaligine, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo, zimakhala limodzi, popanda kuyambitsa zovuta kwa wina ndi mnzake... Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imawonetsedwa ndi ma alligator masiku a chilimwe, ndipo ndikayamba kuzizira, zokwawa zimayamba kukonzekera malo ozizira. Chifukwa chaichi, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyama zang'ambika mokwanira mozama komanso ma voluminous mabowo.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zamtunduwu sizidyetsa, chifukwa chake zimadya mafuta omwe amapezeka mchilimwe mchira.
Nyumbayi imatha kuyikidwa pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo imakhala ndi kutalika mpaka mita khumi, zomwe zimalola anthu angapo kukhazikika mdzenje limodzi nthawi imodzi. Mamembala ena am'banja la Alligator, nthawi yachisanu ikayamba, amabowola matope, ndipo mphuno zokha zimatsalira pamtunda, zomwe zimapatsa mpweya m'mapapo a nyama.
Kodi ma alligator amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yayitali ya ma alligator ndi zaka 30-35, koma, malinga ndi akatswiri, pamaso pazikhalidwe zabwino, zokwawa zimatha kukhala motalikirapo - mpaka theka la zana. M'mapaki ambiri owonera nyama, nthawi yayitali oimira kuchuluka kwa ng'ona amalembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zamoyo wa Nile alligator wosungidwa kumalo osungira nyama ku Australia zinali zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Chinese alligator (Аlligator sinensis) amakhala kum'mawa kwa Asia, komanso mtsinje wa Yangtze ku China. Zokwawa zomwe zimakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha zimakonda matupi amadzi okhaokha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dera lokhalamo anthu likauma, alligator amasamukira kumalo ena, ndipo dziwe losambira limatha kuthawirako nyama.
Anthu aku America kapena otchedwa Mississippi alligator amakhala kugombe lakum'mawa kwa America, kuchokera ku Texas mpaka North Carolina. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imapezeka ku Florida ndi Louisiana - anthu opitilila miliyoni. Monga malo awo okhala, zokwawa zimasankha madzi amadzi oyera, kuphatikiza mitsinje ndi nyanja, mayiwe ndi madambo okhala ndi madzi osayenda.
Zakudya za Alligator
Oimira dongosolo la Ng'ona ndi banja la Alligator amagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi nyama iliyonse yakudya... Zakudya zazing'ono kwambiri makamaka zimakhala ndi nsomba ndi nkhanu, komanso nkhono ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Pamene ikukhwima, American alligator imatha kusaka nsomba zazikulu ndi akamba, nyama zina zazing'ono, zokwawa komanso mbalame. Ma alligator achi China, omwe ndi ochepa kukula kwake, amangodya nyama zazing'ono kwambiri. Mbalame ya alligator yomwe ili ndi njala kwambiri itha kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zowola zosiyanasiyana ngati chakudya.
Zofunika! Kuukira kwa alligator pa anthu sikusozeka. Nthawi zambiri, munthu mwiniyo amakwiyitsa chokwawa choterechi mokakamiza, ndipo ma alligator achi China amayenera kukhala odekha poyerekeza ndi anthu.
Olusa amakonda kupeza chakudya chawo usiku wokha. Monga momwe ziwonetsero zambiri zikuwonetsera, nswala ndi nkhumba zamtchire, ma coug ndi manatee, akavalo ndi ng'ombe, komanso zimbalangondo zakuda, zitha kuzunzidwa ndi wamkulu komanso wamkulu wa Mississippi alligator. Nthawi zambiri, zokwawa zimameza nyama nthawi yomweyo, zitaphwanya nyama ndi nsagwada zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu. Ozunzidwa kwambiri amakokedwa pansi pamadzi ndikukhadzulidwa mzidutswa tating'ono ting'ono.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kukula msinkhu kwa chokwawa kumatsimikizika ndi kukula kwake. Mitundu ya alligator yaku America ndiyokonzeka kuswana ngati ili ndi mita 1.8 kapena kupitilira apo. Ng'ombe yayikulu yaku China ili ndi thupi laling'ono, motero imayamba kuswana kutalika kwa mita imodzi kapena kupitirirapo. Kuyamba kwa nyengo yokwanira ya alligator mchaka kumatsagana ndi kutentha kwamadzi m'madamu kuti azikhala bwino. Pakadali pano, akazi amayamba kumanga zisa za udzu, momwe mazira 20-70 amaikidwiratu. Chowotcha muchisa chimatetezedwa mosamalitsa ndi chachikazi ku ziweto zolusa.
Monga lamulo, clutch imapezeka pafupi ndi burrow, chifukwa chachikazi imatha kuyang'anira momwe zimakhalira nthawi yonseyi. Ana amaswa ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira, ndipo mkazi akangomva kulira kwa ana ake, nthawi yomweyo amachotsa pamwamba pake, kenako amatengera anawo madzi.
Kuthandiza kuti mwana abadwe, mkazi amathinikiza mopepuka pa chipolopolocho kapena amayendetsa dzira pang'onopang'ono padziko lapansi. Munthawi yonse yozizira, akazi amakhalabe ndi ana awo. Ma alligator ang'onoang'ono amakhala odziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri ali ndi zaka chimodzi.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma Alligator amatha kukhala nyama ya ma panther kapena ma cougars aku Florida, komanso zimbalangondo zazikulu, zomwe zimatha kusaka bwino kwambiri ngakhale oimira akuluakulu a Crocodile. Mwa zina, kudya anzawo kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kofala pakati pa mitundu ya alligator, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri makamaka mderali.
Kusiyana kwa ng'ona
Chofunikira kwambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu pakusiyanitsa kwa omwe akuyimira Ng'ona pakati pa ng'ona ndi nyama zankhuku ndi mano awo... Ndi nsagwada zotsekedwa, dzino lalikulu lachinayi limatha kuwonedwa pa nsagwada yakumunsi, pomwe mumitundu yonse ya alligator, mano achinayi oterewa amaphimbidwa ndi chibwano chapamwamba. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya alligator ili ndi theka lokhala ndi zotupa zapadera zosambira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yolembetsedwa mwalamulo inali ku Louisiana. Kutalika kwa nyamayi kunali pafupifupi mita sikisi, ndipo kulemera kwake kunali kochepera tani, motero, kukweza chokwawa, kunali koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito crane yamagalimoto.
Zomwe sizikuwonetsanso kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe amphuno ya zokwawa izi: ng'ona zenizeni zili ndi mphuno yakuthwa ngati V, pomwe mu alligator nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana ndi U komanso yosalongosoka. Mwa zina, chitseko chokwanira kwambiri chimakwaniritsidwa ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa kwa maso, ndipo ng'ona zilinso ndi zotupa zamchere zapadera zomwe zimapezeka pakulankhula kwa nyama. Kupyolera mu chiwalo chotere, mchere wochuluka umachotsedwa mosavuta m'thupi la zokwawa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chinese alligator pakadali pano ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri, ndipo mwachilengedwe palibe anthu opitilira mazana awiri amtunduwu. Pofuna kusunga ndikubwezeretsanso chiwerengerocho, akulu amagwidwa ndikuikidwa m'malo otetezedwa mwapadera.
Ma Alligator amapambana kwambiri pakusunga ndi kuswana mu ukapolo.... Mpaka pano, minda yambiri yapangidwa yomwe ikugwira ntchito yoswana ma alligator. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi minda ku Florida ndi Louisiana, Thailand, Australia ndi China. Posachedwa, mabizinesi achilendowa awonekeranso kumadera ena adziko lathu.
