Skunks (lat. Merhitidae) ndi nyama za m'banja la Mammals komanso gulu lodziwika bwino la adani. Mpaka posachedwa, zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti ndi za banja la a Cunya ndi banja la Merhitinae, koma chifukwa cha maphunziro amolekyulu, zinali zotheka kutsimikizira kulondola kwa gawo lawo kubanja lapadera, lomwe, malinga ndi zomwe zinalembedwa, lili pafupi kwambiri ndi banja la a Panda, osati ma Raccoons.
Kufotokozera Kwanyumba
Oyimira onse a Chilombo ndi banja la Skunk ali ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yamitundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta komanso kosazindikirika kusiyanitsa ndi nyama zofananira.
Maonekedwe
Zinyalala zonse zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kapena mawanga pamtundu wakuda wosiyana.... Mwachitsanzo, zikopa zamizeremizere zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kumbuyo kwawo yomwe imayambira kumutu mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira. Mtundu wowala komanso wowonekerayo umakhala ngati chenjezo, ndipo umatha kupewa zovuta zomwe zitha kuwononga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mamembala ochepera am'banjamo ndi ma skunks (Spilogale), omwe thupi lawo limasiyana mkati mwa 0.2-1.0 kg. Lalikulu kwambiri - Nkhumba yotulutsa nkhumba (Soneraatus) imalemera makilogalamu 4.0-4.5.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera za makope ndi kupezeka kwa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa kununkhira, komwe kumatulutsa chinthu chowopsa chomwe chimakhala ndi fungo losalekeza komanso losasangalatsa. Nyama zonyamula zonyansa zimatha kupopera ndege zoyipa mpaka mamita asanu ndi limodzi... Zinyalala zonse zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malamulo olimba kwambiri, okhazikika, mchira wofewa ndi miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu komanso zopangidwa bwino, zomwe zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zibowole.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Zinyalala zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zigwa za udzu ndi nkhalango, komanso madera ambiri am'mapiri. Nyamayi imayesetsa kupewa malo okhala ndi nkhalango kapena matope. Zinyumbu ndi nyama zoyenda usiku ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi odyetsa ena. Nthawi zambiri, chinyama chimakumba bowo palokha, koma ngati kuli kofunikira, imatha kukhala ndi mabowo okonzedwa ndi nyama zina. Anthu ena am'banjamu amadziwa bwino kukwera mitengo.
Nyama zomwe zimakhala kumpoto chakumtunda kwa nthawi yophukira zimayamba kudziunjikira mafuta. M'nyengo yozizira, zokopa zambiri sizimabisala, koma zimakhala zosagwira ntchito ndipo sizichoka m'nyumba zawo kukafunafuna chakudya. Nyama zimabisala mu burrow yokhazikika, yolumikizana m'magulu opangidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi nthawi imodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Skunkovykh amadziwika ndi kununkhira bwino ndikumva bwino, koma nyama yotere imakhala ndi vuto losaona bwino, kotero nyamayi imatha kusiyanitsa zinthu zomwe zili pamtunda wa mita zitatu kapena kupitilira apo.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayo imakonda kukhala yokhayokha, ilibe malo ndipo siyimatchulanso malire amalo ake mwanjira iliyonse. Kudyetsa koyenera, monga lamulo, kumakhala kwa 2-4 km² kwa mkazi wamkulu, ndi kwa amuna osapitirira 20 km².
Kodi zisoti zimakhala motalika bwanji
Moyo wonse wa kanyimbi umayenda modekha, ngakhale modekha, ndipo kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama yotere sikusiyana kwambiri kutengera mitundu yazamoyo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuthengo, nyama imatha kukhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo ikakhala mu ukapolo imatha kukhala zaka khumi.
Mitundu ya Skunk
Akatswiri pakadali pano amasiyanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yokha ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya zikopa.
Makungu amtundu wa Nkhumba amakhala ndi:
- Skunk waku South America (Soneratus сhingа);
- Humboldt skunk (Soneratus humbоldtii);
- Kum'mawa kwa Mexico kapena skunk wamphongo woyera (Soneratus leuconotus);
- Skunk yamizeremizere (Сoneratus semistriatus).
Mitundu yama skunks imayimilidwa ndi:
- Skunk waku Mexico (Merhitis macrora);
- Milozo skunk (Merhitis mehitis).
Gulu la Smelly badger, nthawi ina m'mbuyomu lotchedwa banja la Cunyi ndipo limakhala pakati pa akunyanyala, limayimilidwa ndi:
- Sunda wonunkhira baji (Мydаus jаvаnеnsis);
- Palawan wonunkhira baji (Мydаus mаrсhei).
Zinyalala zamtunduwu zimaimiridwa ndi:
- Zinyalala zakumwera zotayika (Spilogale аngustifrons);
- Kanyimbi kakang'ono (Spilogale gracilis);
- Zinyalala zotayika (Spilogale putoriu);
- Kanyimbi kakang'ono (Spilogale pygmaea).
Skunk yamizeremizere ndi nyama yolemera pakati pa 1.2-5.3 kg. Mtundu uwu ndiwofala kwambiri m'banjamo. Malo okhala mitunduyo akuyimiridwa ndi gawo la North America kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Mexico, komwe limakonda madera okha amnkhalango.
Skunk waku Mexico - Nyama iyi ndiyachibale chapafupi kwambiri ndi skunk yamizeremizere ndipo imafanana nayo kunja. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kumayimilidwa ndi malaya ataliatali komanso ofewa. Pamutu pamutu, nyamayo imakhalanso ndi tsitsi lalitali, chifukwa chake mtunduwo uli ndi dzina loyambirira "Hooded Skunk". Malo okhala akuyimiridwa ndi gawo la Mexico ndi mayiko ena akumwera kwa United States, kuphatikiza Arizona ndi Texas.
Chikopa chakum'mawa chakum'mawa ndi membala wocheperako m'banja la Skunk. Kusiyana kwamakhalidwe pakati pa mitundu iyi ndi mtundu wake. Chovalacho chili ndi mikwingwirima yoyera, yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu aziona ngati akutuluka. Malo akuyimiridwa ndi gawo la America. Skunk yaku South America - m'mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi zonse imafanana kwambiri ndi skunk yamizere. Habitat imayimilidwa ndi mayiko ambiri ku South America, kuphatikiza Bolivia ndi Peru, Paraguay ndi Argentina, komanso Chile.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nthumwi ambiri a banja la nyama ndi dongosolo la zolusa amakhala pafupifupi m'madera onse a New World. Nyama zochokera kumtundu Wamizeremizere Wotambalala wafalikira kuchokera kudera lakumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Costa Rica, ndipo mtundu wa nkhumba zazingwe za Nkhumba zimakhazikika m'magawo ochokera kumadera akumwera kwa America kupita ku Argentina.
Ma Skunks omwe amapezeka amapezeka kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Briteni ndi Pennsylvania mpaka Costa Rica. Mbalame zotentha, zotchedwa skunk, ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe imapezeka kunja kwa America ndipo imapezeka kuzilumba za Indonesia.
Zakudya zam'madzi
Zinyalala ndizomwe zimadyetsa nyama ndi zomera... Zinyama zimadya nyama zoyimira pakati, ndipo nyama zawo zimatha kukhala mbewa, ma shrews, agologolo, akalulu achichepere komanso osakula, mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi nkhanu, komanso ziwala, mbozi ndi mbozi. Ndi chisangalalo, nyama zoterezi zimadya masamba ndi mbewu zambewu, masamba ambiri obiriwira, zipatso ndi masamba, ndi mtedza wosiyanasiyana. Ngati ndi kotheka, nyama yakufa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinyalala zomwe zimasungidwa ngati ziweto zosowa zimakonda kulemera kangapo kuposa anzawo zakutchire, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chambiri chamafuta.
Pogwira ntchito yosaka usiku, zinsomba zimagwiritsa ntchito kununkhiza ndi kumva, ndipo zikapeza nyama ngati tizilombo kapena abuluzi, zimayamba kukumba pansi ndikutembenuza masamba kapena miyala mothandizidwa ndi mphuno ndi zikhomo. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono amatenga mano kwinaku akudumpha. Kuti achotse khungu kapena minga m'nyama, nyamayo amaigubuduza pansi. Nyamayi imakonda kwambiri uchi, womwe umadyedwa limodzi ndi njuchi ndi zisa.
Adani achilengedwe
Zinyalala zimadya namsongole ndi nyama zowopsa, kuphatikiza tizilombo ndi makoswe. Nthawi yomweyo, zonyamula zonse sizili mgulu la zinthu zofunika kwambiri pazakudya za mitundu ina ya nyama, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha fungo lakuthwa komanso lonyansa lomwe limapangidwa ndimatenda apadera.
Zinyalala sizimangokhala zokhazokha, komanso zimanyamula tiziromboti tina tangozi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo matenda monga histoplasmosis. Komanso nyama zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimadwala chiwewe. Komabe, adani akuluakulu a zimbwinjiri ndi anthu amene amawononga zinyama zotero chifukwa cha kununkhira kwawo kosasangalatsa komanso kuzunzidwa kambiri kwa nkhuku zazaka zaposachedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinyama zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zosakhwima kwambiri zitha kuukiridwa ndi nyama zina zodya nyama, kuphatikizapo mphalapala, nkhandwe, nkhuku, Canada lynx ndi mbira, komanso mbalame zazikulu kwambiri.
Zinyalala zambiri za misinkhu yosiyanasiyana zimamwalira chifukwa cha ngozi zapamsewu kapena ndikamadya nyambo zapadera.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zikopa imagwera nthawi yophukira, mozungulira Seputembara. Pofika koyambirira kwa Okutobala, umuna umatha. Akazi amakhala okhwima mwakugonana chaka chokha atabadwa, ndipo kutentha kwa nyama yotere kumawoneka mu Seputembala. Zinyalala ndi nyama zamitala, choncho amuna amatha kukwatirana ndi akazi angapo nthawi imodzi, koma satenga nawo mbali posamalira ana.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yobereka ndi masiku 28-31. Zinyama zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera - ngati kuli kotheka, mkazi amakhala ndi kuchedwa kokhazikitsidwa kwa kamwana kameneka pamakoma, komwe kumakhala kupsyinjika kwapadera kwa mluza. Poterepa, nthawi ya bere imatha kupitilizidwa mpaka miyezi iwiri, kenako ana atatu mpaka khumi omwe amalemera magalamu 22.0-22.5.5 Makanda amabadwa akhungu ndi ogontha, okutidwa ndi khungu lofanana ndi mawonekedwe ofewa.
Pakadutsa milungu ingapo, anawo amatsegula maso awo, ndipo ali kale ndi mwezi umodzi, ana okulirapo amatha kukhala ndi mkhalidwe wodzitetezera. Nyama imatha kuphulitsa madzi onunkhira patatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka itabadwa. Zazikazi zimadyetsa ana awo kwa nthawi yochepera miyezi iwiri, ndipo zikopa zazing'ono zimasinthana kukadyetsa palokha pakatha miyezi ingapo. Banja limakhala limodzi nthawi yoyamba yozizira limodzi, kenako ma skunks akuluakulu amayamba kufunafuna malo oti azitha kubisala paokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mwambiri, oimira onse a Mammals class, Carnivorous order ndi banja la Skunk ndi ambiri mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake pakadali pano sanatchulidwe ngati mitundu yotetezedwa.
