Ndikosatheka kuti musamuzindikire kapena kumusokoneza ndi munthu wina. Girafi imawonekera patali - thupi lowoneka bwino, mutu wawung'ono pakhosi lalitali kwambiri ndi miyendo yayitali yolimba.
Kufotokozera kwa twira
Giraffa camelopardalis amadziwika kuti ndiye nyama yayitali kwambiri kuposa nyama zonse zamasiku ano... Amuna olemera makilogalamu 900-1200 amakula mpaka 5.5-6.1 m, pomwe pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu alionse amagwera pakhosi, okhala ndi ma vertebrae 7 achiberekero (monga nyama zambiri). Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ndi kutalika / kulemera pang'ono pang'ono.
Maonekedwe
Giraffe adapereka chinsinsi chachikulu kwa akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi omwe amadzifunsa kuti adatha bwanji kuthana ndi zochuluka akakweza / kutsitsa mutu wake. Mtima wa chimphona chili 3 mita pansi pamutu ndi 2 mita pamwamba pa ziboda. Zotsatira zake, miyendo yake iyenera kufufuma (pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa magazi), zomwe sizichitika zenizeni, ndipo makina ochenjera apangidwa kuti apereke magazi kuubongo.
- Mitsempha ikuluikulu ya khomo lachiberekero ili ndi mavavu otsekereza: amadula magazi kuti azitha kupanikizika mumtsempha wapakati kupita kuubongo.
- Kuyenda kwamutu sikuwopseza girafa ndi imfa, chifukwa magazi ake ndiwambiri (kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira magazi ndi makulidwe awiri a maselo amwazi wamunthu).
- Twira ili ndi mtima wamakilogalamu 12 wamphamvu: imapopa malita 60 amwazi pamphindi ndikupanga kukakamiza kowirikiza katatu kuposa anthu.
Mutu wa nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zokhala ndi ziboda zokongoletsedwa ndi ma ossicons - awiri (nthawi zina awiri awiri) a nyanga zokutidwa ndi ubweya. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukula kwamathambo pakati pamphumi, mofanana ndi nyanga ina. Girafi ali ndi makutu otuluka bwino komanso maso akuda ozunguliridwa ndi ma eyelashes akuda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama zili ndi zida zozizwitsa zam'kamwa zokhala ndi lilime losasintha la 46 cm kutalika. Tsitsi limamera pamilomo, ndikupereka chidziwitso kuubongo za kukula kwa masamba ndi kukhalapo kwa minga.
M'mbali mwa milomo mumadzaza nsonga zamabele zomwe zimagwirizira chomeracho pansi pamizere yakumunsi. Lilime limadutsa minga, limapinda pachitsulo ndikukulunga nthambi yomwe ili ndi masamba achichepere, ndikuwakokera kumtunda. Mawanga omwe ali pathupi la nyamalayi adapangidwa kuti aziphimba pakati pamitengo, kutsanzira kusewera kwa kuwala ndi mthunzi mu zisoti zachifumu. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndi yopepuka komanso yopanda mawanga. Mtundu wa akadyamsonga umatengera malo omwe nyama zimakhala.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Nyama zokhala ndi ziboda zogawanikana zili ndi maso abwino, kununkhiza komanso kumva, mothandizidwa ndi kukula kopitilira muyeso - zonse zomwe zili mgululi zimalola kuti onse azindikire mdaniyo ndikutsatira anzawo anzawo mtunda wokwana 1 km. Akadyamsonga amadyetsa m'mawa komanso atagona pang'ono, komwe amakhala atagona pang'ono, kubisala mumthunzi wa mthethe ndi chingamu. Nthawi imeneyi, maso awo amakhala otseka pang'ono, koma makutu awo amangoyenda. Kugona tulo tofa nato, ngakhale tating'ono (20 min) kumabwera kwa iwo usiku: zimphona zimatha kudzuka kapena kugona pansi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amagona, kunyamula msana umodzi ndi miyendo yonse yakutsogolo. Thundu amakokera mwendo wina wakumbuyo kumbali (kuti anyamuke mwachangu pakagwa zoopsa) ndikuyika mutu wake kuti khosi lisanduke chipilala.
Akazi achikulire omwe ali ndi ana ndi nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 20, akumwazikana akamadyera m'nkhalango komanso kulumikizana m'malo otseguka. Mgwirizano wosasunthika umangokhala ndi amayi omwe ali ndi makanda: ena onse amachoka pagululo, kenako nkubwerera.
Chakudya chochuluka, anthu ambiri m'derali: nthawi yamvula, imaphatikizapo anthu osachepera 10-15, komanso nthawi yachilala, osaposa asanu. Nyama zimayenda makamaka mozungulira - gawo losalala, momwe onse olondola ndiyeno miyendo yonse yamanzere imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana. Nthawi zina akadyamsonga amasintha kalembedwe kawo, ndikusinthana ndi kantini pang'onopang'ono, koma sangathe kulimbana ndi mayendedwe oterewa kwa mphindi zopitilira 2-3.
Zilumphalumpha zimatsagana ndi kugwedeza kwambiri ndi kugwada. Izi ndichifukwa chosintha pakati pa mphamvu yokoka, momwe nyamalayi imakakamizidwa kuponyera kumbuyo khosi / mutu kuti nthawi yomweyo ikweze miyendo yakutsogolo pansi. Ngakhale imathamanga pang'ono, nyamayo imathamanga bwino (pafupifupi 50 km / h) ndipo imatha kudumpha zopinga mpaka 1,85 m kutalika.
Kodi thanthwe amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ma colossi amenewa amakhala zaka zosakwana kotala la zana, kumalo osungira nyama - mpaka zaka 30-35... Akapolo oyamba okhala ndi khosi lalitali adawonekera m'malo osungira nyama ku Egypt ndi Roma cha m'ma 1500 BC. Ku kontinenti yaku Europe (France, Great Britain ndi Germany), akadyamsonga anafika kokha mzaka za m'ma 20 zapitazo.
Ananyamulidwa ndi sitima zapamadzi, kenako adangowitsogolera kumtunda, ndikuyika nsapato zawo zachikopa (kuti zisawonongeke), ndikuphimba ndi malaya amvula. Masiku ano, akadyamsonga aphunzira kuswana mu ukapolo ndipo amasungidwa pafupifupi kumalo osungira nyama onse.
Zofunika! M'mbuyomu, akatswiri azanyama anali otsimikiza kuti akadyamsonga "samayankhula", koma pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti ali ndi zida zamawu zathanzi, zotsegulidwa kuti zizitha kuwulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, ana amantha amapanga mawu owonda komanso omvetsa chisoni osatsegula milomo yawo. Amuna okhwima omwe afika pachimake pachisangalalo amabangula kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, akamakhala osangalala kwambiri kapena pankhondo, amunawo amalira kapena kutsokomola kwambiri. Ndi chiopsezo chakunja, nyama zimatha, zimatulutsa mpweya m'mphuno mwake.
Mitengo ya akadyamsonga
Subpecies iliyonse imasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso malo okhala kosatha. Pambuyo pazokangana zambiri, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo adazindikira kuti kupezeka kwa subspecies 9, komwe nthawi zina kuswana kumatheka.
Mitundu yaying'ono yamitundumitundu (yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana):
- Giraffe waku Angola - Botswana ndi Namibia;
- Giraffe Kordofan - Central African Republic ndi Western Sudan;
- Girafira wa Thornycroft - Zambia;
- Giraffe waku West Africa - tsopano ku Chad (kale konse ku West Africa);
- Girafira wa Masai - Tanzania ndi kumwera kwa Kenya;
- Giraffe wa Nubian - kumadzulo kwa Ethiopia ndi kum'mawa kwa Sudan;
- Giraffe wobwezerezedwanso - kumwera kwa Somalia ndi kumpoto kwa Kenya
- Giraffe wa Rothschild (Giraffe wa ku Uganda) - Uganda;
- Giraffe waku South Africa - South Africa, Mozambique ndi Zimbabwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale pakati pa nyama zomwe zimakhala zazing'ono zomwezo, palibe maphalaphala awiri ofanana. Mitundu yowonongeka ya ubweya ikufanana ndi zolemba zala ndipo ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kuti muwone akadyamsonga, muyenera kupita ku Africa... Nyamazi tsopano zimakhala m'masamba ndi nkhalango zowuma za South / East Africa kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Sahara. Akadyamsonga omwe amakhala mdera lakumpoto kwa Sahara adawonongedwa kalekale: anthu omaliza amakhala pagombe la Mediterranean komanso ku Nile Delta munthawi ya Egypt wakale. M'zaka zapitazi, mitunduyi yachepa kwambiri, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya akadyamsonga masiku ano imangokhala m'malo osungidwa.
Zakudya za akadyamsonga
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku chaching'ono chimatenga maola 12-14 mpaka chonse (nthawi zambiri kumamawa ndi madzulo). Chakudya chokoma kwambiri ndi mtedza wa kacacias, womwe umamera m'malo osiyanasiyana mchigawo cha Africa. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya mthethe, mndandandawu umaphatikizaponso mitundu 40 mpaka 60 yaudzu, komanso udzu wautali wamtali womwe umamera mwamphamvu pambuyo pa mvula. M'chilala, akadyamsonga amasinthana ndi chakudya chosakoma kwenikweni, amayamba kutola nyemba za mthethe, masamba akugwa ndi masamba olimba a zomera omwe amalekerera kusowa kwa chinyezi bwino.
Mofanana ndi zinyama zina zowira, nyamalikiti imabokanso mtengowo kuti ukagwere mofulumira m'mimba. Nyama zokhala ndi ziboda izi zimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa - zimatafuna osayimitsa kuyenda kwawo, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yodyetserako ziweto.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akadyamsonga amadziwika kuti ndi "odula" chifukwa amadula maluwa, mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba a mitengo / zitsamba zomwe zimakula kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 6 mita.
Amakhulupirira kuti malinga ndi kukula kwake (kutalika ndi kulemera kwake), nyamalayi amadya kwambiri. Amuna amadya pafupifupi makilogalamu 66 a masamba atsopano tsiku lililonse, pomwe akazi amadya pang'ono, mpaka 58 kg. M'madera ena, nyama, zomwe zimapanga kusowa kwa michere, zimayamwa dziko lapansi. Ma artiodactyls amatha kuchita opanda madzi: amalowa mthupi lawo kuchokera pachakudya, chomwe ndi 70% chinyezi. Komabe, popita ku akasupe okhala ndi madzi oyera, akadyedwe amakondwera.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, zimphona izi zili ndi adani ochepa. Sikuti aliyense angayerekeze kuukira colossus wotere, ndipo ngakhale kuvutika ndi ziboda zamphamvu zakutsogolo, ochepa akufuna. Kuwomba kumodzi kolondola - ndipo chigaza cha mdani chidagawika. Koma kuukira anthu achikulire makamaka ndira zazing'ono zimachitika. Mndandanda wa adani achilengedwe umaphatikizapo zolusa monga:
- mikango;
- afisi;
- akambuku;
- afisi agalu.
Owona omwe adayendera Etosha Nature Reserve kumpoto kwa Namibia akufotokoza momwe mikango idalumphira pa mphalapala ndikumatha kuluma khosi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ziweto zili zokonzeka kukondana nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ngati, atha msinkhu wobereka. Kwa mkazi, ili ndi zaka 5 pamene limabereka mwana wake woyamba.... M'mikhalidwe yabwino, imakhalabe ndi chonde kwa zaka 20, ndikubweretsa ana chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Mwa amuna, kuthekera kwakubereka kumatsegulidwa pambuyo pake, koma sianthu onse okhwima omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza thupi la mkazi: olimba kwambiri komanso akulu kwambiri amaloledwa kukwatirana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amuna okhwima ogonana nthawi zambiri amakhala osungulumwa, akuyenda mpaka 20 km patsiku ndikuyembekeza kuti apeza wokwatirana naye, yemwe alpha wamwamuna aliyense amateteza. Samulola kuti afikire akazi ake, kulowa nawo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kunkhondo, komwe khosi limakhala chida chachikulu.
Nyamalikiti zimamenya nkhondo ndi mitu yawo, zikulunjika kumimba kwa mdani. Zobwerera zomwe zagonjetsedwa, zomwe zimatsatidwa ndi wopambana: amathamangitsa mdaniyo mamitala angapo, kenako amawundana pamalo opambana, mchira wake wakwezedwa. Amuna amayang'ana onse omwe angakhale okwatirana nawo, akuwatsanulira kuti awonetsetse kuti ali okonzeka kugonana. Kubala kumatenga miyezi 15, pambuyo pake kumabadwa mwana wamamita awiri (osowa kwambiri kawiri).
Pakubereka, mkazi amakhala pafupi ndi gululo, akubisala kuseri kwa mitengo. Kutuluka kuchokera m'mimba mwa mayi kumatsagana ndi kowopsa - mwana wakhanda wamakilogalamu 70 amagwa pansi kuchokera kutalika kwa mita 2, pomwe mayi amamuberekera ataimirira. Mphindi zochepa atatsika, mwanayo amayimirira ndipo patatha mphindi 30 amamwa mkaka wa m'mawere. Patatha sabata imathamanga ndikudumphadumpha, pakatha milungu iwiri amayesa kutafuna mbewu, koma samakana mkaka kwa chaka chimodzi. Miyezi 16 itatha, mwana wachinyamata wamsiyayo amasiya mayi ake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Giraffe ndi munthu wamoyo wa savanna yaku Africa, ndi wamtendere ndipo amakhala bwino ndi anthu... Aaborigine amasaka nyama zopanda ziboda popanda chidwi, koma popeza adakunda nyamayo, adagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zake zonse. Nyama ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya, zingwe za zida zoimbira zinali zopangidwa ndi minyewa, zishango zimapangidwa ndi zikopa, ngayaye zimapangidwa ndi ubweya, ndipo zibangili zokongola zimapangidwa ndi mchira.
Mitala inkakhala pafupifupi kontinenti yonse mpaka azungu atayamba ku Africa. Azungu oyamba adaponyera akadyamsonga chifukwa cha zikopa zawo zabwino, pomwe amapeza zikopa za malamba, ngolo ndi zikwapu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Lero, nyamalayi wapatsidwa udindo wa IUCN (LC) - mitundu yosadetsa nkhawa. Mgululi, ali pamasamba a International Red Book.
Pambuyo pake, kusaka kunasandulika nkhanza zenizeni - nzika zolemera zaku Europe zidathetsa akadyamsangala pongofuna kusangalala. Nyama zidaphedwa mazana paulendo, zikudula michira ndi ngayaye zawo ngati zikho.
Zotsatira za zoopsa izi ndikuchepetsa ziweto pafupifupi theka. Masiku ano, akadyamsonga samasakidwa kawirikawiri, koma anthu awo (makamaka m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa) akupitilizabe kuchepa pa chifukwa china - chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo omwe amakhala.
