Munthu nthawi zonse amakhala wochenjera kwambiri ndi njoka. Kuyanjana nawo kulikonse kumabweretsa mantha, mayanjano achinsinsi komanso malingaliro azikhulupiriro. Ndipo ngati njokayo ilinso ndi maso ofiira, ngati mutu wamkuwa, ndiye kuti izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 100% yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yakuda, ufiti, wopangidwira kupha mwini nyumbayo, banja lake ndi ng'ombe zake kuwonjezera. Mwambiri, zonse sizophweka ndi mutu wamkuwa. Ndikugawana njokayi, munthu amadziwa zochepa za njokayi. Ndipo, kapena kumutenga iye kukhala ana a mdierekezi, kapena_ngakhale buluzi wopanda mwendo. Copperhead siimodzi kapena inzake.
Kufotokozera kwa Copperhead
Common Copperhead ndi mtundu wa njoka zopanda poizoni za mtundu wa Copperhead, banja la mawonekedwe omwe kale... Copperhead ndi njoka yaying'ono, koma yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu. Ndi kutalika kwa thupi lopanda masentimita 70, amatha kugwira mantha ambiri pamunthu ndipo amakhala owopsa kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono komanso abale ake.
Maonekedwe
Mtundu wa mutu wa mkuwa umawonekera bwino kuchokera padzina. Kusiyanitsa ndi imvi yoyera mpaka pafupifupi yakuda, kwakukulukulu, mtundu wa mutu wamkuwawo ndi wofiira wamkuwa pamimba ndi wofiira kumbuyo. Amakhulupirira kuti opopera imvi amakhala makamaka kumadera akumwera. Zinazindikiridwanso kuti munthawi yosungunuka, mutu wamkuwa umakhala wakuda kuposa mtundu wake ndipo umatha kuchoka pamvi kukhala wakuda komanso wakuda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Maso amkuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira ndipo mchira wake ndi wocheperapo kanayi kuposa thupi lake.
Amuna amkuwa amtundu wosiyana ndi akazi. Malankhulidwe awo ndi ofiira, pomwe mwa akazi amakhala ofiira. Komanso, mwamphamvu pamalankhulidwewo, mutha kudziwa msinkhu wa mutu wamkuwa. Njoka zazing'ono nthawi zonse zimawala. Ngati pali chojambula, ndiye chosiyana kwambiri komanso chowonekera kwambiri. Ponena za mawonekedwe akumbuyo konse, sichizindikiro chofunikira cha mutu wamba wamkuwa. Kwa anthu ena, thupi limakhala ndi mawanga ofiira ndi akuda ndi mizere, mwa ena silitero, kapena mawangawa amafotokozedwa moperewera kotero kuti amakhala osadziwika.
Pali mawonekedwe 5 amutu wamkuwa. Amasiyanitsanso mbali yake ndi njoka, yomwe mutu wamkuwa nthawi zambiri umasokonezeka chifukwa chofanana kukula ndi utoto.
Lathyathyathya mutu, pafupifupi merging ndi thupi.
- Njoka iyi ili ndi mzere womveka pakati pamutu ndi thupi.
Mutu wokutidwa ndi zikwapu zazikulu.
- Njoka iyi ili ndi zikopa zazing'ono.
Masikelo ndi osalala, okhala ndi utoto wonyezimira wamkuwa.
- Njoka iyi ili ndi mamba.
Mwana wamkuwa ndi wozungulira.
- Njokayo ili ndi mwana wowongoka.
Copperhead ilibe mano oyendetsa poizoni.
- Njoka ili nayo.
Moyo, machitidwe
Copperhead ndi thermophilic... Amasankha zotseguka ndi zotsekemera zisa, ndipo patsiku labwino amakonda kusangalala ndi dzuwa. Pachifukwa chomwechi, njokayi imagwira ntchito masana ndipo samakonda kukasaka usiku, imakonda kukhala m'malo ake mdima komanso ozizira.
Mkuwa umamangiriridwa ku zisa zake... Ndipo sali wofulumira kuti asinthe malo ake - mng'alu wokonda thanthwe, pakati pa miyala, dzenje lakale la makoswe, opanda kanthu pansi pa khungwa la mtengo wakugwa. Njoka iyi itasankha malo osangalatsa, idzakhala yokhulupirika kwa iye moyo wake wonse, ngati wina sadzawononga nyumba yake.
Mkuwa ndi wosungulumwa... Sakusowa kucheza naye. Kuphatikiza apo, njokayi iteteza malo ake kwa wachibale. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kukankhira koopsa mnansi wawo wosafunikira, kumuluma ndikumudya. Ndicho chifukwa chake simungapeze timutu tiwiri m'dera limodzi laling'ono. Nthawi yokha yomwe njokazi zimapita kukalumikizana ndi nyengo yokhwima. Koma atagonana, njira za anzawo zimasokonekera kosatha.
Ma Copperheads amasambira bwino, koma sakonda kutero... Amakumana ndi madzi monyinyirika komanso mosafunikira. Iwo samakhazikika m'malo achinyezi.
Mkuwa ndi wochedwa... Pachifukwa ichi, ali ndi njira zapadera zosakira. Sathamangitsa masewerawa, koma amakonda kuwayang'ana, osakhala chete kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yabwino ikafika, njokayo imathamangira kwa wozunzidwayo ndikuigwira. Minofu yamphamvuyo imalola mutu wamkuwa, wogwira nyama ija ndi chitsulo, kuti ayikulunge mozungulira mwamphamvu kotero kuti imasunthika. Kukumbatira kolimba kumeneku sikofunikira kuti mumunyonge. Mkuwa umatha kuugwira mwamphamvu kotero kuti umveke bwino.
Copperhead ili ndi njira zodzitetezera... Pomwe wozunzidwayo ali ndi mutu wamkuwa yekha, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera: amapinda mpira wolimba, mkati mwake amabisala mutu wake. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amatulutsa mutu wake mwamphamvu ndikuponyera mdaniyo.
M'manja mwa munthu, mutu wamkuwa wakutchire sungakhale momasuka, koma uyesera kuluma. Amatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu mpaka magazi. Mwina khalidwe lopanda tsokali lapeza mbiri yoipa ya njoka iyi - yakupha komanso yoopsa. Koma kwenikweni, amachita motere chifukwa akuchita mantha kwambiri. Umboni wa izi ndi machitidwe amutu wamkuwa mu ukapolo. Popita nthawi, njoka iyi imazolowera terrarium ndipo imayamba kutenga chakudya m'manja mwa mwini wake.
Utali wamoyo
Kumtchire, mutu wamkuwa wazaka zazitali wazaka 12-15. Koma nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi zaka 10, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa adani komanso zoopsa zomwe zimamuyembekezera. Ali mu ukapolo, mosamala, njoka izi zili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali.
Kodi mutu wamkuwa ndi wakupha
Ku Russia, panali chikhulupiriro chakuti kulumidwa ndi njoka yokhala ndi sikelo yofiira kumapangitsa munthu kuti afe. Malinga ndi mphekesera zotchuka, imfa iyenera kubwera dzuwa litalowa ndipo amene walumidwa ndi poyizoni atha, akhoza kupulumutsidwa ndimayendedwe owopsa - dzanja / mwendo wodulidwa kapena chodulidwa pamalo pomwe walumirako. Asayansi aziziritsa mitu yachikhulupiriro yotentha: mutu wamkuwa siowopsa kwa anthu. Mwambiri, ndi za banja lomwe lapangidwa kale.
Mkuwa siwowopseza anthu. Ndipo kuluma kwake, ngakhale mwazi, sikudzatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa moyo, koma kumangoyaka komanso kusapeza bwino, kwamaganizidwe ambiri. Copperhead ili ndi zilonda zam'mimba, koma zimatulutsa poyizoni wochepa kwambiri kuti aphe nyama yayikulu ngati munthu. Koma kwa anthu amwazi wozizira ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, poyizoni wake ndiwowopsa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhala mutu wamkuwa ndi nkhalango yayikulu, koma yopanda anthu ambiri. Mutha kukumana naye kulikonse - ku Europe, Asia, Africa, koma awa adzakhala osakwatira. Komanso, kumpoto chakumpoto, njoka iyi imapezeka kawirikawiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Copperhead ndiyocheperako kuposa njoka ndi mphiri.
Malire amtundu wamkuwa nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi kutentha ndi nyengo. Ku Europe, Copperhead imawoneka m'maiko onse, kupatula ku Ireland, Northern Scandinavia, ndi zilumba za Mediterranean. Ku Africa, amapezeka kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa kontrakitala. Ku Asia - kumwera.
Ponena za Russia, mutu wamkuwawu udadzaza zigawo zake zonse zakumwera. Kum'mawa, adafika kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia, kumpoto - kudera la Tula, Samara, Kursk ndi Ryazan. M'madera a Moscow ndi Vladimir, zopezedwa m'modzi za njoka iyi zalembedwa. Malo okhala mitu yamkuwa ndi nkhalango zowirira. Njoka iyi imakonda nkhalango za paini, koma imapewa madera otseguka ndi ma steppes. Alibe chitetezo kumeneko. Nthawi zina mutu wamkuwa umayenda m'mapiri, posankha malo otsetsereka okhala ndi tchire.
Zakudya zamkuwa
Kukula kwa njokayi sikulola kuti izioneka modzipatsa chakudya. Palibe mitundu ina yamndandanda wamkuwa. Oposa theka lake amakhala ndi abuluzi ndi njoka zazing'ono. Kachiwiri pali makoswe - mbewa, ma voles, zikopa. Chakudyacho "atatu" amatsekedwa ndi anapiye odutsa komanso ana amaliseche a makoswe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma Copperheads amawoneka pakudya kwamunthu.
Mutu wamkuwa wamba ndiwodziwika chifukwa chodya kwambiri. Panali milandu pomwe abuluzi atatu amapezeka nthawi imodzi m'mimba mwake.
Kubereka ndi ana
Copperhead imagwira ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, akuyenera kusiya ana kuti, ndi chikumbumtima choyera, apite nthawi yozizira - mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Kuti muchite chilichonse, nyengo yokhwima njoka ndi nthawi yamasika.
Zofunika! Pamutu wamkuwa, njira yolumikizirana imatha kugwa. Poterepa, umuna umasungidwa mthupi la mkazi mpaka masika, mu umuna wake. Ndipo ana amabadwa chilimwe chokha.
Pakakumanirana, yaimuna imagwira yaikazi pakhosi ndi nsagwada, kupota mozungulira thupi lake.Chimbalangondo cha uchi chimabereka ana ake amoyo, m'mimbamo ya dzira. Amanyamula mazira mwa iye yekha mpaka mazira onse atakula.
Ana amodzi amatha kukhala ndi mazira okwana 15. Mazirawo atangobadwa kumene, anawo amang'amba chipolopolo chawo kuchokera mkati ndikukwawa kunja kukuwala. Iyi ndi njoka yodzaza ndi thupi, mpaka kutalika kwa 17 cm.
Kuyambira pakubadwa ali odziyimira pawokha ndipo safuna mayi... Ana nthawi yomweyo amasiya chisa cha amayi awo ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, kulengeza kusaka abuluzi ang'onoang'ono ndi tizilombo. Koma ma copperheads amatha kukhala okhwima azaka zitatu zokha.
Adani achilengedwe
Kufanana kwa njoka ndi njira zodabwitsa zodzitchinjiriza, kuphatikiza ndi zonunkhira, zotulutsa zotupa za periocalacal gland, sizimathandiza mutu wamkuwa kwambiri. Ali ndi adani ambiri owopsa. Zazikuluzikulu ndizo: mahedgehogs, martens, nguruwe zakutchire, makoswe ndi mbalame. Ngakhale mbalame zanyimbo ndi achule audzu zimawaopa pomwe anawo amakula.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Anthu ochepa a Copperhead okhala m'malo amafotokozedwa, makamaka, chifukwa cha zakudya zake - abuluzi... Chakudyachi si chodalirika ngati makoswe ndi achule. Ulalo wolumikizana ndi chakudya - Buluzi wa Copperhead - ndi wolimba kwambiri. Ndipo kuchepa kwa abuluzi nthawi yomweyo kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa ma copperheads. Munthu amene amapha mutu wamkuwa pamsonkhano woyamba, ndikuwusochera kuti ndi mphiri, nawonso amathandizira.
Masiku ano, mayiko ena aku Europe amateteza ma copperheads, oletsa kuwalanditsa ndikuwononga mwalamulo. Ku Russia, mutu wamkuwawo suwerengedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation. Koma zili m'mabuku a Red Data Books a zigawo 23 za Russian Federation, mayiko a Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Mordovia, Kalmykia, Tatarstan. Malingalirowa ali zakumapeto kwa mabuku a Red Data a zigawo za Vladimir ndi Penza. Ku Belarus ndi Ukraine, mutu wamkuwawu umaphatikizidwanso mu Red Book.
