Silver carp ndi nsomba yayikulu yamadzi amchere ya banja la carp. Amatchedwanso carp ya siliva. Imadyetsa "zinthu zazing'ono" zomwe zimakhala m'mbali yamadzi, chifukwa chakuisefa kudzera pa fyuluta yapadera.
Kufotokozera kwa carp siliva
Silver carp ndi nsomba yayikulu, yakuya kwambiri, yomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kutalika masentimita 150 ndikulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 27... Palinso chidziwitso chazithunzi chazithunzi za carp zasiliva zolemera makilogalamu oposa 50. Nsomba yophunzirira iyi yakhala yokondedwa ndi asodzi ambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa komanso thanzi lake.
Maonekedwe
Mbali zake zimakhala zasiliva zofananira. Mimba imatha kukhala yoyera mpaka yoyera. Pamutu waukulu wa carp yasiliva pali pakamwa potembenuka, wopanda mano. Maso ali patali pamutu ndipo amayang'aniridwa pang'ono kutsika.
Imasiyana mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimapangidwa pamphumi ndi pakamwa. Kulemera kwa mutu wa carp ndi 20-15% ya thupi lathunthu. Maso otsika kwambiri amatulutsa mphumi kuwoneka mokulira.
Silver carp m'malo mokhala ndi mano pakamwa ili ndi zida zosefera. Zikuwoneka ngati mitsempha yosakanikirana, ngati siponji. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati fyuluta kuti agwire chakudya - plankton. Mwa kuwonjezera carp yasiliva m'mayiwe opangira nsomba, mutha kuipulumutsa ku kuipitsa ndi kuphulika kwamadzi. Thupi la carp siliva ndilotalika ndipo, ngakhale lili lalikulu kwambiri, lokutidwa ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Carp ya siliva imakhala pakati ndi pamwamba pazakuya. Amatha kuwonedwa m'madzi amitsinje yayikulu, mayiwe amadzi ofunda, nyanja, nyanja zam'madzi, malo osefukira olumikizidwa ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu. Amatha kukhala m'madzi osunthika komanso m'madzi oyimirira. Chete, madzi ofunda okhala ndi mpweya wofatsa - malo abwino oti azikhalamo. Amachita mantha, mwina, ndi mafunde othamanga kwambiri, m'malo otere samakhala nthawi yayitali. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi osaya ndi pansi pano, mchenga, miyala kapena matope, komanso malo osungiramo zinthu okhala ndi plankton yathanzi.
Ngati mukufuna kugwira carp yasiliva, muyenera kuyang'ana mumadzi opanda phokoso, kutali ndi phokoso la mzindawo komanso misewu yayikulu. Carp ya siliva imatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu (0 mpaka 40 ° C), ma oxygen ochepa, ndi madzi amchere pang'ono. Khalidwe la carp siliva limasintha munthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'dzinja, kutentha kwamadzi kutsika pansi pa 8 ° C, nsomba imasonkhanitsa mafutawo. M'nyengo yozizira (nthawi yozizira), amagona tulo tofa nato. Kuti muchite izi, carp yasiliva imasankha mabowo akuya pansi pa posungira.
M'chaka, madzi amadzazidwa ndi detritus ndi plankton, panthawiyi carp yasiliva imapita kukafunafuna chakudya patatha nthawi yayitali. Choyamba, amayang'ana zakuya ndipo madziwo akangotentha mpaka 24 ° C amakwera pamwamba.
Pakadali pano, nsomba, yoyendetsedwa ndi njala, imagwira nyambo iliyonse, pachiwopsezo kuti ingagwidwe mosavuta. Kumapeto kwa Meyi, mutha kuigwira pamtengo wa thovu kapena fyuluta ya ndudu.
Utali wamoyo
Mumikhalidwe yabwino, carp yasiliva imatha kukhala zaka 20. Pankhani ya kuswana kwa mafakitale, izi ndizopanda phindu, chifukwa chake, zimagulitsidwa zikafika zaka 2-3, zikafika pamlingo wofunidwa.
Mitundu ya siliva ya siliva
Zonse pamodzi, pali mitundu itatu ya carp yasiliva - carp siliva, variegated ndi wosakanizidwa.
- Woimira woyamba - Iyi ndi nsomba yokhala ndi utoto wopepuka kuposa ya abale ake. Kukula kwa thupi lake kuli pafupifupi. Mutu umakhala ndi 15-20% ya thupi lathunthu. Mtundu uwu ndi nsomba yosadya nyama, chifukwa imangodya phytoplankton yokha.
- Wachiwiri woimira - wamkulu wokulirapo, wokhala ndi mutu waukulu. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi theka la thupi lonse. Sasankha zakudya, amasankha phytoplankton ndi bioplankton.
- Kuwona komaliza - Chogulitsa cha opanga obereketsa. Watenga kwathunthu phindu la mitundu yam'mbuyomu. Komanso, mtundu uwu umagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Ali ndi mutu wawung'ono ngati carp yasiliva, pomwe thupi limakula kukula kwakukulu.
Kusiyana kwa mitundu, monga tawonera, sikuti ndi mawonekedwe okha komanso kukula kwake, komanso zokonda zake. Oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana amakonda zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zomwe tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Carp yasiliva idapangidwa koyamba ku United States mzaka za m'ma 1970. Adalembetsedwa m'malo angapo ku Central ndi Southern United States. Amakhala ndikuswana mumtsinje wa Mississippi. Carp yasiliva imapezeka mumitsinje yayikulu ku East Asia. Silver carp ndi nzika zonse zaku Pacific Ocean, kuchokera ku China kupita ku Russia Far East ndipo mwina Vietnam. Adziwitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Greater Antilles, Pacific Islands, Europe ndi Asia yense kunja kwa chilengedwe chawo.
Nsomba zasiliva zasiliva zinayambitsidwa ku United States ndi mlimi wa nsomba ku Arkansas mu 1973. Izi zidachitika kuti zithandizire kuchuluka kwa plankton m'mayiwe, ndipo munthawi imeneyi siliva carp adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba.
Pofika 1981, idapezeka m'madzi achilengedwe a Arkansas, mwina chifukwa chamasulidwe ake m'madzi. Silver carp ikufalikira mwachangu m'mbali mwa mitsinje ya Mississippi Basin, yomwe imanenedwa m'maiko 12 khumi ndi awiri ku United States.
Zinalembedwa koyamba ku Iowa mu 2003 m'madzi a Des Moines River, komanso amakhala mumitsinje ya Mississippi ndi Missouri. Anakhazikikanso ku Europe ku Russia. Pambuyo pake, adayamba kuyambitsa mitsinje ya Russia ndi Ukraine.
Zakudya zasiliva zasiliva
Nsomba zasiliva zodyera zimangodya zakudya zamasamba, mndandanda wake umakhala ndi phytoplankton... Chakudya chokoma kwambiri kwa iye ndi algae wabuluu wobiriwira, wogwira madzi onse abwino ndikutentha. Chifukwa cha ichi, carp yasiliva ndi mlendo wolandiridwa m'malo mosasunthika, popeza kudya ndere izi kumathandiza kulimbana ndi gwero lalikulu la matenda m'sungidwe.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zakudya za carp zasiliva zimadalira msinkhu wake komanso mitundu yake. Izi makamaka ndizomera zamatabwa ndi zinyama.
Carp ya siliva ndiyofanana posankha nyama yake yamasamba. Koma, pamodzi ndi phytoplankton, chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha nyama chimalowanso m'mimba mwake. Chifukwa cha chakudya cholemera chotere, chimakula mwachangu, ndikukula kuposa kukula kwa siliva.
Ntchito za obereketsa aku Russia pobzala mtundu wa siliva wosakanizidwa, chifukwa chodutsa mitundu iwiri yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, yabala zipatso. Izi zidathandizira kuphatikiza kuyanjana kwawo mwa njira imodzi.
Mutu wa carp wosakanizidwa wa siliva si waukulu ngati wa variegated, pomwe uli ndi kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Menyu yake ndiyofutukuka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mitengo yazomera ndi nyama, imaphatikizanso ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yake yogaya chakudya imasinthidwa kukhala zosakaniza zapadera za kuswana kwapangidwe.
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri zogwirira carp zasiliva zimawerengedwa kuti ndi madzi amtendere komanso ofunda. Kutalika kwake ndikuti, nsomba zimadyetsa kwambiri, zikuyandama pafupi ndi madzi otenthedwawo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Silver carp idadziwitsidwa ku United States, makamaka ku Arkansas, mu 1973 kuyang'anira phytoplankton yamadzi, zimbudzi ndi zimbudzi. Posakhalitsa, adaleredwa m'mabungwe ofufuza za anthu komanso m'malo azinyama. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1980, mitembo yasiliva idapezeka m'madzi otseguka mumtsinje wa Mississippi, makamaka chifukwa chamasamba a nsomba pamadzi osefukira.
Ma carps a siliva amatha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 3-5. Nthawi yokwanira nthawi zambiri imayamba mu Juni, popeza panthawiyi madzi amafikira kutentha kwabwino kwambiri - 18-20 ° C. Kuzizira kumatha kuwononga kukula kwa mazira, chifukwa chake nsomba zimayang'ana malo otentha.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Nsomba ya pinki (Onchorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- Bream wamba
- Nsomba za Rotan (Perssottus glienii)
- Nsomba
Carp ya siliva ndi yachonde kwambiri. Kutengera kukula kwa munthuyo, amatha kutulutsa mazira 500,000 mpaka 1,000,000. Mkazi wamkazi wa siliva amawaika mosamala mu algae kuti athe kumangiriza. Kutalika kwa mwachangu mwachangu sikuposa 5.5 mm. Amabadwa kale patatha tsiku limodzi atayika mazira. Pambuyo masiku 4, mwachangu ali ndi njala ndipo ali okonzeka kudya. Pakadali pano, mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kusefa plankton m'madzi imayamba kupanga mwa iye. Mitundu yosanjikizika komanso yophatikiza ya siliva imasinthira ku mitundu ina ya chakudya pokhapokha patatha mwezi ndi theka, ndipo yoyerayo imadya phytoplankton.
Adani achilengedwe
Ali ndi adani ochepa, koma carp ya siliva imatha kubweretsa mavuto, kwa ena okhala m'madzi, komanso kwa asodzi omwe amamusaka. Kumtchire, carp yasiliva imatha kuwononga mitundu yachilengedwe pomwe imadyetsa nyama zomwe zimafunikira kuti nsomba zikuluzikulu ndi mbewa zikhale ndi moyo. Silver carp imakhalanso pachiwopsezo kwa omwe amayenda bwato chifukwa cha "chikondi chawo chodumpha".
Ndizosangalatsa!Silver carp ndi nsomba yabwino kwambiri kwa msodzi aliyense. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwawo kutchire ndikochepa. M'mikhalidwe ya kuswana kwamafakitale kapena kumafamu, pali zambiri.
Siliva carp imachita modabwitsa pakamveka phokoso. Mwachitsanzo, ikamva phokoso la bwato lamoto kapena chopalasa chomenya madzi, nsomba imalumpha pamwamba pamadzi. Popeza nsombazi zimatha kukula modabwitsa, zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa munthu yemwe ali m'bwatomo. Silver carp imatha kunyamula matenda ambiri, monga tapeworm yaku Asia, yomwe imafalikira ku mitundu ina ya nsomba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pali ma carp a siliva ochepa kwambiri omwe atsala. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, iwo akuchulukitsa achibale awo omwe akupitirizabe kugwira ntchito m'dera la Russia ndipo akulimbikitsanso kutengera zikhalidwe za maderawa.
M'mayiko ena aku America, m'malo mwake, pali nkhondo yolimbana ndi mitundu iyi ya nsomba. Palibe mtundu wa carp wa siliva womwe walembedwa mu Red Book, ndipo palibe chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha anthu amtundu uwu.
Mtengo wamalonda
Minda yambiri ya nsomba imagwira ntchito yoswana nyama zasiliva. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zina, zimakula kukula kwakukulu, komanso zimathandiza kuti dziwe likhale loyera, kusewera ngati dongosolo lachilengedwe. Kuswana kotereku kumawonedwa kukhala kopindulitsa kwambiri, makamaka pamakampani. Kukhalapo kwa carp yasiliva m'dziwe lokhala ndi anthu ambiri kumathandizira kuti nsomba zizipanganika.
Nyama ya siliva ya carp ili ndi zakudya zambiri... Zowona, zimakonda kunyozeka kuposa udzu wobiriwira. Siliva carp akhoza kudyedwa ngakhale ndi zakudya zochepa panthawi ya matenda am'mimba. Phindu lalikulu limapezeka mu kuchuluka kwa omega-3 ndi omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Zinthu izi zimathandizira pantchito yamatenda amtima, chitukuko cha chitetezo chokwanira, komanso kuteteza kukongola kwachilengedwe ndi unyamata wa thupi. Nyama yolemera mchere ndi mavitamini imalimbikitsa kupanga hemoglobin, kupangitsa mphamvu ya antioxidant m'thupi.
Silver carp ndi nsomba yapaderadera yopatsa thanzi kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuonda. Pakuphika kwamoto, amataya kachigawo kakang'ono ka kalori. 100g wa mankhwala omwe amalizidwa ali ndi ma calories pafupifupi 78. Silver carp ili ndi mapuloteni ambiri, ndipo mafuta ake amafanana ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pafupipafupi kumathandizira kutsitsa shuga m'magazi.
Zofunika!Nsomba zamtunduwu zitha kukhala zonyamula tiziromboti tomwe timayambitsa metagonimiasis tikamamwa. Amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi zazing'ono, 1 mm kukula, zomwe zimazika bwino m'matumbo.
Pakati pa matenda komanso akamakula m'matumbo, kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, mseru ndi kusanza kumawonekera. Popanda kuchitira chithandizo chamankhwala, matendawa amatha kupita m'matumbo mpaka chaka chimodzi.
