Mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazing'ono kwambiri m'banja la mphamba. Wamng'ono kuposa nkhunda, imadya nyama yowononga, yoopsa kwambiri yopha makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi tizilombo tambiri. Dzinalo la falcon yaying'ono ndi "kobchik". Koma pali dzina lina - "falcon yamiyendo yofiira", chifukwa cha "mathalauza" owala lalanje ndi mapapo ofiira kapena ofiira.
Chifukwa cha nthenga zake zachilendo, mbalame yachinsinsi iyi imalemekezedwa ndi ansembe achikunja. Ndipo anthu wamba kuyambira nthawi zoyambirira ankaweta ma feline kuti athandize kupulumutsa mbewu ku dzombe ndi tizirombo tina taulimi.
Kufotokozera kobchik
Kobchik ndi mtundu wosiyana m'banja la nkhandwe, ngakhale nthawi zambiri umasokonezedwa ndi mphamba ndi kestrel. Mtundu ndi kufanana kwake ndizofanana kwambiri. Kusiyana kwake kumangokhala kukula. The kobchik ndi yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale ake, kukula kwake kwa thupi komanso mapiko ake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalameyi idatchedwa "kobchik" kuchokera ku liwu lakale lachi Russia "kobets". Pansi pa lingaliro ili, ma falcons adalumikiza mbalame zonse zazing'ono zosaka. Popita nthawi, dzina lakale laku Russia la mbalameyo lidasamukira kwa anthu ena achisilavo ndipo mpaka adapita ku Europe. Dzina lachifalansa laku mini falcon ndi "kobez".
Maonekedwe
Mwana wakhanda amalemera osapitirira 200 magalamu, amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 34 ndipo amakhala ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 75. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amtundu uwu wamphamba ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi. Mlomo wa nkhwazi ndi mbalame yodya nyama - yolumikizidwa, koma yayifupi komanso yopanda mphamvu ngati ija ya abale awo m'banja. Zala zamphongo sizimasiyana mphamvu ndi mphamvu, zikhadabo ndizochepa.
Pali zokambirana zapadera za nthenga. Choyamba, sizili zovuta mu mphamba wamwamuna monga, mwachitsanzo, mu gyrfalcon kapena peregrine falcon ndipo ali ndi "dongosolo" lotayirira. Chachiwiri, mtundu wa mbalameyi umadalira osati jenda, komanso zaka. Chifukwa chake, anyamata achimuna amakhala ndi zopapira zachikaso. Amasandulika lalanje (chachikazi) ndi chofiira (chachimuna) pokhapokha mbalameyo itakula. Mlomo umadetsanso ndi ukalamba, kuchoka paimvi-buluu kukhala wakuda.
Amuna aakazi amatenga "ovala" owala kuposa akazi. Amakhala ofiira kwambiri, ndi nthenga zakuda za mchira ndi mimba yowala ya lalanje ndi "mathalauza". Akazi amachotsedwa "mathalauza" owala. Nthenga zawo zimakhala zofiirira mofananira ndi mabala amtundu wosiyanasiyana kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira. Chilengedwe chimadzisangalatsa chokha ndi "tinyanga" tating'ono tating'ono pafupi ndi mlomo.
Zofunika! The subspecies of male fawn - Amur - amadziwika ndi mitundu yowala ya nthenga ndi "masaya" oyera oyera.
Moyo
Falcon-fawn yaying'ono ili ndi machitidwe angapo omwe amasiyanitsa ndi ena am'banja.
Kobchik ndi mbalame yochezeka, zomwe sizachilendo pama falcons... Mbalamezi zokha sizikhala, makamaka m'midzi, m'malo mwake - mpaka 100 awiriawiri. Koma ndipamene "mayanjano" amphaka amphongo amathera. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimakhazikika m'magulu, ana ofiira ofiira samamangiriridwa ndi obadwa nawo komanso chisa, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndiudindo kwa "mkazi" yemwe amabweretsa mazira.
Ankhandwe samanga zisa... Ma falcons aang'ono awa siomanga. Popanda kuvutikira ndi ntchito yomanga, amakonda kukhala zisa za ena. Nthawi zambiri izi zimasiyidwa ngati rook kapena kumeza zisa, akhwangwala, magpies. Ngati kulibe, ndiye kuti, monga nyumba yanyengo, mphongo yamphongo imatha kusankha dzenje kapena dzenje.
Ankhandwe ndi mbalame zosamuka... Amafika mochedwa pamalo opangira zisa - mu Meyi komanso madzulo a nyengo yozizira, kale mu Ogasiti, amabwerera kumadera ofunda - m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi yakuchulukitsa tambala wofiira imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi yoswana ya chakudya chawo chachikulu - dzombe ndi tizilombo tina.
Kobchiks - osaka tsiku... Usiku, mumdima, samasaka, ngakhale dzina lawo lenileni "vespertinus", lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "madzulo". Ntchito ya ma falcons amayamba pakutuluka dzuwa ndikutha dzuwa litalowa.
Ankhandwe amasakasaka nyama kuchokera mlengalenga. Akawona chandamale, amayamba kukupiza mapiko awo mwamphamvu, ndikupangitsa kuti zizingoyenderera pamalo amodzi. Kenako chilombocho chimagwa pansi ndi mwala ndipo chimagwira nyama. Ngati chandamale sichinaperekedwe m'manja nthawi yoyamba, mphaka wamphongo amazitsatira, ndikufikira pansi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pofuna kusaka, nkhono zimafunikira mawonekedwe abwino, chifukwa chake zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena m'malo am'madambo, m'malo omasuka, kupewa nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango ndi zitsamba.
Ankhandwe amakonda kuuluka... Izi ndi mbalame zoyenda, ngakhale zili mu liwiro lakuuluka ndizotsika kwa oimira banja lawo - peregrine falcons, merlin, zosangalatsa. Koma njira ya kabawi ndiyabwino kwambiri. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe wofunika kwambiri; popanda iwowo, mbalameyo sakanatha kuuluka kokasangalala m'nyengo yotentha.
Kale anthu akafuna kuweta nkhuku, ankadula mbalamezo podula mapiko awo.
Ma Kobchik ndi olimba mtima... Kukula kwake sikulepheretsa mbalameyi kumenya nkhondo ndi chimeza kuti itenge chisa chawo. Ndipo mwana wopanda nzeru uyu akhoza kulowa pachiwombankhanga chisa cha mwiniwake pomwe mwini wake palibe.
Utali wamoyo
Kutchire, nthawi yayitali yamoyo wamphongo wamphongo imangokhala zaka 12-15... Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi yawo yamoyo imakwera mpaka 20 komanso zaka 25. Mwachitsanzo, ku Africa, ntchentche zimasamalidwa, pang'onopang'ono zimapanga gulu lawo, lomwe silimauluka ndikuthandizira kuteteza mbewu ku makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zikatero, amphaka "oweta" amatha kukhala zaka 15 ndi 18 popanda zovuta.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo obisalira ana a phazi lofiira ndi otakata. Falcon yaying'onoyi imapezeka ku Europe ndi Far East. Mbalameyi imauluka nthawi yozizira ku Africa kapena kumwera kwa Asia. Posankha malo okhala, yamphongo yofiira imakonda nkhalango ndi nkhalango za kumapiri. Kutalika kwa mphamba sikuwopseza. Mbalamezi zimapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mtanda wa phazi lofiira kumadzulo kumafika ku basin kumpoto kwa Lena tributary Vilyui, kum'mawa - kugombe la Lake Baikal. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma min-falcons amakhala ku Ukraine, Russia ndi Kazakhstan. Amphaka amphaka ofiyira awonekeranso ku North America.
Zakudya za Kobchik
Chakudya chachikulu champhongo chachimuna chimadzaza ndi mapuloteni oyera - kafadala, agulugufe, ziwala, dzombe. Pakalibe izi, mbewa zazing'ono zimasunthira chidwi chake pamasewera akulu - mbewa zowopsa, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, njoka ngakhale mbalame - mpheta, nkhunda.
Zofunika! Anthu amaberekana ndi ziweto osati kokha chifukwa chakuti ndiwothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amphaka amphongo, kuteteza malo awo odyetserako, musalole kuti mbalame zampikisano ziziyandikira, zokhoza kutola mbewu.
Mu ukapolo, ana achimuna amakhala omnivorous. Pali nthawi pamene anali kudyetsedwa osati yaiwisi nyama ndi chiwindi, komanso soseji.
Adani achilengedwe
Zimadziwika kuti mbalameyi ilibe adani achilengedwe. Koma, ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwa ana achimuna kumachepa chaka chilichonse. Anthu a mini-falcon amavulazidwa ndi munthu yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso mosalamulirika mankhwala ophera tizilombo pokonza minda. Sikuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timangofa, komanso mini-falcons, omwe amawadya mwachangu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ankhandwe amafika pamalo obisalira kumapeto kwa Epulo, koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kusiya ana... Amafika ku bizinesi mosachedwa akangofika pamalopo. Nyengo yakumasirana ndi yaifupi - magule angapo amphongo patsogolo pa mkazi kuti amukope, ndipo tsopano wakhala kale pamazira. Chowotchera cha mphongo yamphongo chimakhala ndi mazira mpaka 5-7. Mazira ofanana ndi mbalameyi - yaying'ono, yofiira ndi madontho akuda. Njira yolumikiza mazira imatenga mwezi - koyambirira kwa Juni, nthawi zambiri amabadwa anapiye ofiira ofiira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amuna ndi akazi amatulutsa mazira nawonso, ndikusintha maudindo. Pomwe wina amateteza ana amtsogolo, winayo amapeza chakudya.
Anapiye a Falcon amakula ndikukhwima msanga. Mwezi ndi theka atabadwa - mkatikati mwa Julayi - amadzuka kale pamapiko ndikusiya chisa cha makolo. Zimatengera milungu iwiri kuti adziwe luso lawo monga mlenje komanso kuti aphunzire luso lowuluka. Anapiye okulira panthawiyi samauluka kutali ndi chisa cha makolo, ndipo makolo awo amawadyetsa. Koma pofika pakati pa Ogasiti, kukonzekera kwakukulu kwayamba kwaulendo wautali wopita kumalo ozizira. Gululo limachoka pamalowo mu theka loyamba la Seputembala posachedwa. Ndipo panthawiyi achichepere okalamba ali okwanira komanso mamembala odziyimira pawokha paketiyo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mbalame yofiira-yofiira imadziwika padziko lonse ngati mitundu yosawerengeka ndipo imapatsidwa udindo wa NT, zomwe zikutanthauza "pafupi kuopsezedwa". Ku Russia, fawn ili m'chiwonjezeko cha Red Book of the Russian Federation, ndiko kuti, ndizoletsedwa mwalamulo posaka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakadali pano, pali malo angapo osungirako ku Russia komwe nkhono za ofiyira amakhala - malo a Nizhne-Svirsky, Sokhondinsky, "Arkaim", etc.
Falcon yaying'ono imafunikira chitetezo chachikulu kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwake komwe kukucheperachepera.... Munthu, mosachepera, amakakamizika kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa pokonza mbewu zake ndipo, mozama kwambiri, kuti ayambe kupanga malo osungira tating'onoting'ono m'malo opumira nkhwangwa zofiira. Akatswiri amalimbikitsanso kufunikira kosunga mitengo yayitali yomwe ikukula m'malo a mbalameyi - m'mapiri a steppe komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
