Mbalame iyi ya banja lokhalokha ndi ya oponya mchenga, ndipo ili ndi mayina ambiri. Dzinalo linachokera ku liwu lakummawa "kurakhtan", motero amatcha mbalame zofanana ndi nkhuku.
Ku Russia, amatchedwa: ziwala, bryzhach, cockerel ndi ena ambiri. Anthu akumpoto nawonso sanabwerere m'mbuyo, ndipo nawonso adapeza mayina osiyanasiyana a turukhtan, kutengera mawonekedwe awo. Chifukwa chake ali ndi "turukhtan-bear", "turukhtan-deer", "turukhtan-wolf" ndi zina zotero.
Maonekedwe a Turukhtan
Makulidwe a turukhtan ndi ochepa - ndi akulu pang'ono kuposa nkhunda. Amuna ndi akazi ali m'magulu osiyanasiyana olemera - kugonana kocheperako kumakhala kocheperako. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna alireza pafupifupi 30 cm, ndi kulemera 120-300 magalamu. Mkaziyo amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25 ndipo amalemera magalamu 70-150.
Maonekedwe ake munthawi zonse amakhala ofanana kwa mbalame zonse zamiyendo yamiyendo yamiyendo yayitali komanso yamiyendo yayitali, ndipo m'nyengo yokhwima yokha amuna amadzionetsera ndi nthenga zamitundu yambiri.
Kutuluka pang'ono kumawonekera pamalo opanda kanthu a khungu, makola okongola ndi makutu amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku nthenga. Nthawi yonseyi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu kuposa akazi.
Mtundu wa onsewo ndi wotuwa mwaimvi, pamimba pamakhala mopepuka pang'ono kumbuyo. Mwambiri, mawonekedwe a turukhtan wamwamuna amasintha nthawi 2-3 pachaka. Mbalame zambiri molt. Yatsani chithunzi cha turukhtanov Mutha kuwona momwe mitundu yawo ingakhalire, nkovuta kupeza mbalame ziwiri zofanana.
Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala amtundu wobiriwira. Muthanso kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ya miyendo, kutengera msinkhu wa mbalameyo. Kotero mwa akazi ndi achinyamata achichepere (anthu osapitilira zaka zitatu), miyendo ndi yobiriwira, yobiriwira.
Amuna akulu, ndi owala lalanje. Mlomo pa mbalame za turukhtan osatalika, mwa amuna a lalanje, ofanana ndi mtundu wa miyendo. Mwa akazi, milomo ndi yotuwa mdima, koma imatha kukhala ndi nsonga yokongola ya pinki. Pamapiko aliwonse komanso pamwamba pa mchira wakumtunda, ma turukhtan onse amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazimuna zamtundu wamtundu wamamuna zimatha kusiyanitsidwa. Akatswiri azinyama amatcha mbalame zomwe zimakhala nazo kuti "Feders". Alibe zizindikiro zapadera zosiyanitsira, amuna amphongo awa samakwanitsa kukula, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi.
Palibe njira yowasiyanitsira pokhapokha mutagwira ndikuyeza kutalika kwa mapiko. Izi zidapezeka pokhapokha pakuwunika kwa anatomical. Pakufufuza kwa akufa kwa anthu, zidawonekeratu kuti awa, omwe amawoneka ngati achikazi kwambiri, alidi amuna. Amatha kuwerengedwanso ndi machitidwe awo pagulu - amuna amatha kuwukira feders, monga amuna wamba. Ndi akazi, mbalame sizimayambitsa ndewu.
Malo okhala Turukhtan
Turukhtan ndi mbalame yomwe imakonda kusamuka. Zimakhala nyengo yachisanu makamaka ku Africa kotentha. Imabwerera kumalo osungira zisa kumpoto kwa Eurasia, chakum'mawa kwa Anadyr ndi Kolyma. Malo malo okhala turukhtan ku Europe ndi Asia, imagwera pamtunda kuchokera ku Great Britain ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa France kupita ku Chukotka ndi Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Amatha kuwuluka kumpoto mpaka ku Arctic, kupita ku Taimyr ndi Yamal. Kuchokera kummawa, malowa ndi ochepa m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Arctic.
Malo osungira kwambiri ali ku Russia (opitilira 1 miliyoni awiriawiri). Sweden (awiriawiri 61,000), Finland (awiriawiri 39,000), Norway (awiriawiri 14,000) akutsatira malinga ndi ziwerengero. Zimakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa malire akumunsi kwa malo okhala ndi zisa, popeza ma turukhtan nthawi zambiri amawulukira kumwera kwenikweni kwa tundra. Kudambo lonyowa ndi madambo amdambo amasankhidwa kuti apange zisa.
Moyo wa Turukhtan
Khalidwe la Turukhtan tambala kwambiri. Nzosadabwitsa kuti, atamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, dzina lake limatanthauza "wokonda kumenya nkhondo." Izi sizachitika mwangozi, chifukwa amuna okongolawa, makamaka, amadzionetsera osati kwa akazi, koma amazunza amuna.
M'chaka amapita kumalo obisalira, ndipo, atadzipaka utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amasungunula makola awo ndi makutu awo, kuyamba kuthamanga mozungulira gawo lawo, kukopa chidwi cha amuna ena.
Otsutsa osangalala amadzimana okhaokha. Ngakhale mbalame zitawopa panthawiyi, zimauluka ndikupitiliza nkhondo zawo. Nthawi zina gulu la ziweto limakhala lalikulu kwambiri, pamakhala amuna ambiri, ndiye zilibe kanthu kuti tithana nawo ndani, momwe nkhondoyo ilili ndiyofunika. Zikatere, ngakhale akazi amapatsidwa mzimu wofanana womenyanirana, ndipo amayesanso kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo.
Koma nkhondo zowoneka zowopsa izi ndizongowonetsera. Atasewera mokwanira, amakhala mwakachetechete, otetezeka kwathunthu komanso opanda phokoso. Amuna amphongo kwambiri amatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wa kolala - chowala kwambiri, chimakhala chankhanza kwambiri chachimuna.
Izi zimatchedwa olamulira. Anthu omwe ali ndi makola oyera amatchedwa ma satelayiti (ma satelayiti), nthawi zambiri amakhala odekha. Turukhtans imagwira ntchito masana. M'mikhalidwe yakumadzulo kwa mbalame, mbalame zimazungulira pafupifupi usana ndi usiku.
Chakudya cha Turukhtan
Chodziwika bwino kwambiri pankhani yazakudya ndichakuti ma turukhtans amasiyanitsa chakudyachi molingana ndi nyengo. Chifukwa chake chilimwe amakonda chakudya chanyama, ndipo nthawi yozizira amangobzala chakudya. Amadyetsa pafupifupi nthawi zonse m'madzi osaya. Amathanso kutenga chakudya pansi, kapena kuwedza kuchokera m'matope amadzi.
M'nyengo yotentha, ntchentche, nsikidzi zamadzi, udzudzu, mphutsi za caddis, kafadala, crustaceans, molluscs, ndi nsomba zazing'ono zimasakidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, amadyetsa mbewu zaudzu ndi zomera zam'madzi. M'nyengo yozizira ku Africa, amatha kuwononga kubzala mpunga mwa kubudula mbewu zake.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa turukhtan
Anthu a ku Turukht samasiyana pakukhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake - amuna ndi akazi amitala. Monga momwe amuna amatha kukhalira ndi akazi angapo, momwemonso akazi samayembekezera imodzi. Pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu, komwe kumachitika zaka ziwiri, mkaziyo amamanga chisa mu Marichi-Juni (kutengera kutalika kwa dera).
Popeza zakhala zikugonana ndi yamphongo imodzi kapena yamphongo ing'onoing'ono, yaikazi imaswana gulu limodzi, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mazira anayi. Amakonzekeretsa chisa malingana ndi kukoma kwake kuchokera kuzinthu zomangira mbewu, ndikuzikongoletsa ndi masamba omera ndi udzu chaka chatha.
Zikakhala zoopsa, mkazi satuluka nthawi yomweyo pachisa, kuti asapereke malo ake, koma azithawa kaye. Pambuyo masiku 20-23, ana amaswa, okutidwa ndi bulauni wandiweyani pansi.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kudzipezera chakudya, chomwe chimakwawa pambali pawo paudzu. Zazikazi zimapitiliza kutenthetsa ana awo kwa masiku angapo, zikuyang'ana zochitika kuzungulira chisa kuti zichotse mdani ku anapiye ngati zachitika.
Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, tiana timayima pamapiko. Koma m'nyengo yozizira zimauluka komaliza, osati koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 4.5. Turukhtan akanakhala ndi moyo wautali ngati sikunakhaleko kusaka anthu komanso adani achilengedwe. M'zaka zapitazi, turukhtan idakumbidwa pamalonda, ndipo tsopano ikusakidwa pamasewera.
