Mwa mitundu yonse ya nyama, nyamayi imatuluka chifukwa cha kamwa yake yayikulu, kukula kwake, kuthamanga kwake komanso kupirira kwake. "Zinyama zam'nyanja" izi ndi zokha zomwe zidapulumuka kuchokera kubanja lonse la anamgumi amphongo. Nchifukwa chiyani amasakidwa? Kodi ndi chiopsezo chotani kwa anthu? Amakhala bwanji ndipo amadya chiyani? Zonsezi ndizopitilira m'nkhaniyi!
Kufotokozera kwa whale whale
Mu nyanja, mutha kukumana ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa zazikulu zazikulu... Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wodya nyamayi. Kusiyanitsa kwake kwakukulu ndi anamgumi ena ndi zakudya zake. Sachita chidwi ndi plankton kapena ndere, koma amasaka "nsomba zazikulu" munthawi yeniyeni ya mawuwo. Ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zitha kuwukira anthu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Ngati simukuwopseza miyoyo ya anawo ndipo simusokoneza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, sangaukire munthu pawokha.
Maonekedwe
Anangumi aumuna amawoneka achilendo kwambiri komanso owopsa pang'ono. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani ndi mutu waukulu, womwe, poyang'ana koyamba, ndi waukulu kuposa thupi. Chiwerengerocho chimadziwika kwambiri m'mbiri, mukawonedwa kuchokera kutsogolo, mutu sumaonekera ndipo namgumi wam'madzi amatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi nangumi. "Kukula kwa thupi, ndikukula kwa ubongo," lamuloli limagwira nyama zambiri, koma osati anamgumi.
Chigaza chili ndi minyewa yambiri ya siponji ndi mafuta, ndipo ubongo wokha umakhala wocheperako kangapo munthu. Spermaceti imachotsedwa mu zinthu zamasiponji - chinthu chokhala ndi phula. Pachiyambi cha chitukuko cha mankhwala, makandulo, mafuta onunkhira, maziko a mafuta onunkhira, ndi guluu amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pambuyo pokha pokha pakupanga opanga zinthu m'pamene anthu anasiya kupha anamgumi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mphindi 30 zilizonse, anamgumi amphongo amatuluka kuchokera pansi kuti apume mpweya. Mpweya wake ndi wosiyana ndi anamgumi ena, ngakhale mtsinje wa madzi womwe umatulutsidwa ndi nyangumi umayang'ana mbali, osati molunjika. Luso lina losangalatsa la namgumiyu ndimadzi othamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale imathamanga kwambiri (10 km / h), imatha kuyimirira pamwamba pamadzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha minofu yamphamvu yamchira, yomwe imatha kudodometsa adani kapena kuthana ndi adani.
Utali wamoyo
Whale wamkazi wamkazi umanyamula mluza mwawokha kwa miyezi pafupifupi 16. Mwana m'modzi yekha ndi amene amabadwa nthawi imodzi. Kuchepetsa uku kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Mwana wakhanda amafika kutalika mamita 3 ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 950 kilogalamu. Chaka choyamba amadyetsa mkaka wokha, izi zimamupangitsa kuti akule ndikukula.
Zofunika! Asanayambitse lamulo loletsa kusaka, zaka zapakati pa munthu wophedwa anali zaka 12-15. Ndiye kuti, zinyama sizinakhale ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a moyo wawo.
M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mano amatuluka ndipo amatha kusaka nsomba zina. Amayi amabereka kamodzi kokha zaka zitatu zilizonse. Akazi amayamba kukwatira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo amuna ali ndi zaka 10. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nyangayi ndi zaka 50-60, nthawi zina mpaka zaka 70. Mkazi amasunga chonde mpaka zaka 45.
Makulidwe a whale wambiri
Amuna akuluakulu amatha kutalika kwa mita 20, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira matani 70. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono - kulemera kwawo sikupitilira matani 30, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamita 15.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitengo yam'madzi imapezeka pafupifupi m'nyanja iliyonse... Amayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi madzi ozizira, komabe, nthawi zambiri amawonekera kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, m'madzi a Bering Sea. Amuna amatha kusambira kupita ku Nyanja Yakumwera. Akazi amakonda madzi ofunda, malire awo ndi Japan, Australia, California.
Zakudya za whale wambiri
Anangumi aamuna amadya nyama ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya ma cephalopods ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Akuyang'ana wovulalayo mozama mpaka 1.2 km; chifukwa cha nsomba zazikulu, mutha kutsika mpaka kuya kwa 3-4 km.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakakhala njala kwa nthawi yayitali, anamgumi am'madzi amasunga mafuta ochuluka, omwe amatetezedwa kuti akhale ndi mphamvu.
Amathanso kudya nyama yakufa. Magawo awo am'mimba amatha kusungunula ngakhale mafupa, chifukwa chake samwalira ndi njala.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akazi a nyongolotsi za umuna nthawi zambiri samadutsa malire amadzi ofunda, chifukwa chake, nthawi yakukhwima ndi kubadwa kwa ana mwa iwo siyimangokhala yokhayo monga mitundu yomwe akazi amapitilira kosunthira kumadzi ozizira am'magulu onse awiriwa. Anangumi aamuna amatha kubereka chaka chonse, koma ana ambiri amabadwa kugwa. Kwa Kumpoto kwa Dziko lapansi, izi zimachitika koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Chifukwa chake, ku North Atlantic, ana ambiri amabadwa pakati pa Meyi ndi Novembala. Ntchito isanafike, akazi amasonkhana m'malo abata, momwe zinthu zingakhudzire kukula kwa mwanayo.
Madera ngati awa munyanja ya Pacific akuphatikiza madzi a Marshall Island ndi Bonin Island, gombe lakum'mawa kwa Japan, mpaka pang'ono madzi azilumba za South Kuril ndi zilumba za Galapagos, ku Atlantic Ocean - Azores, Bermuda, gombe la chigawo cha Africa cha Natal ndi Madagascar. Anangumi aumuna amakhala m'malo okhala ndi madzi akuya, omwe amakhala kumbali yachilumba kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi, "nyengo yokwatirana" imachitika pakati pa Disembala ndi Epulo. Amayi amaberekera kutali ndi kwawo kuti nsomba zina zowononga zisavulaze anawo. Kutentha kwamadzi bwino - madigiri 17-18 Celsius. Mu Epulo 1962.
Pafupi ndi chilumba cha Tristan da Cunha, kuchokera ku helikopita, opulumutsa amapenyerera kubadwa kwa ng'ombe. Pakati pamagulu angapo a anamgumi, omwe anali ndi anthu 20-30. Anangumiwo ankasinthana kusinthana pafupi ndi anzawo, motero madziwo ankawoneka ngati mitambo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pofuna kuteteza mwana wakhanda kuti asamire, akazi ena amamuthandiza, kumira pansi pake ndikumukankhira mmwamba.
Patapita kanthawi, madzi adasandulika ofiira, ndipo mwana wakhanda adawonekera pamwamba panyanja, pomwepo adatsata amayi ake. Amayang'aniridwa ndi anamgumi ena anayi, makamaka azimayi. Owona ndi maso adanena kuti pakubereka, mkaziyo amakhala wowongoka, atatsamira m'madzi pafupifupi kotala la thupi lake. Mwa mwana wakhanda, masamba am'miyendo yamiyendo yamiyendo yam'madzi amadzipukusa mpaka kanthawi kochepa.
Adani achilengedwe
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi mano ake akuthwa, nyamayi imakhala ndi adani ochepa. Mwana wakhanda kapena wamkazi wopanda chitetezo, koma sangayerekeze kumenya wamwamuna wamkulu. Sharkha ndi anangumi samalimbana nawo. Pampikisano wopeza ndalama zosavuta komanso zikho zamtengo wapatali, umunthu wathamangitsa anamgumi aumuna pafupi kwambiri ndi kutha.
Masiku ano, kusaka ndi kutchera nyama izi ndizoletsedwa ndikuzengedwa mlandu... Ndipo izi sizinakhudze thanzi lamakampani azodzola ndi zodzikongoletsera, chifukwa asayansi akhala akuphunzira kalekale momwe angapangire zinthu zopangira nyali m'ma laboratories.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa nyulu za umuna kuchokera pazinthu zachilengedwe sikudziwika, koma chifukwa chazinthu zantchito zamtundu wa anthu, nyamazi zatayika kwambiri. Kusaka ndi timadontho ta m'manja ta sitima zoyenda panyanja kunayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Ndipo zidatha pafupifupi zaka 100, pambuyo pake panali anamgumi ochepa kotero adaganiza zosiya kusaka ndi kuwedza kuti apulumutse ndikubwezeretsanso anthu. Ndipo zinagwira ntchito.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Whale wabuluu kapena wabuluu
- Whale whale - whale kapena dolphin
- Kodi namgumi amayeza zingati?
Chiwerengerochi chayamba kubwerera mwakale. Koma pakubwera kwaukadaulo wa mafakitale, zombo zowetchera nsomba zidapangidwa ndipo makampaniwo adasamukira kumalo ena. Zotsatira zake, pofika zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, m'madera ena a m'nyanja ya World, panali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziweto. Izi zakhumudwitsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'nyanja chifukwa chosintha magawo azakudya.
Whale whale ndi munthu
“Anthu ndi nyama zonse za m'nyanja ndi nyama. Ndi kuchita zomwe anthu akhala akuchita kwa zaka 100 - ndipo mlandu wina ndi uti, kulimbana ndi abale athu ang'onoang'ono. " © Atsogolereni kuphompho. Chaka cha 1993.
Mtengo wamalonda
Kusaka kunkapindulitsa kwambiri makampani. Mabasque anali akuchita izi ku Bay of Biscay m'zaka za zana la 11. Ku North America, kusaka mahatchi a umuna kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 17. Chofunika kwambiri chomwe chidachotsedwa m'matupi a anamgumi amphongo chinali mafuta. Mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, mankhwalawa anali chida chokhacho chomwe chimakwaniritsa zosowa zonse zamakampani azachipatala. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta oyatsira magetsi, monga mafuta, ngati njira yothetsera zofewa, komanso munjira zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo komanso popanga majarini. Mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Cetaceans onse ndi nyama. Makolo awo nthawi ina amakhala pamtunda. Zipsepse zawo zimafanana ndi manja okhala ndi ukonde. Koma kwazaka zikwi zambiri, akukhala m'madzi, adazolowera moyo wotere.
Mafuta amapezeka makamaka kuchokera kwa omwe adagwidwa ku Arctic ndi Antarctic mchaka ndi chilimwe, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo amayeza kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta ambiri amatha kupezeka. Kuchokera ku namgumi wina wamwamuna, pafupifupi malita 8,000 a mafuta anatulutsidwa. Mu 1946, komiti yapadera yapadziko lonse lapansi yoteteza ma whale anamangidwa. Amagwira ntchito yothandizira anthu komanso kuwongolera anthu. Ngakhale anayesetsa, izi sizinathandize kupulumutsa vutoli, kuchuluka kwa nangumi wa sperm kunali kuyandikira zero mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
Masiku ano, kusaka kulibe chosowa ndi tanthauzo ngati kale. Ndipo anthu opitilira muyeso omwe amafuna "kusewera nkhondo" amalipira chindapusa kapena ngakhale kupita kundende. Kuphatikiza pa mafuta a anamgumi, nyama ndi yokoma kwambiri, ndipo feteleza amapangidwa ndi mafupa. Ambergris amachotsedwanso m'matupi awo - chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwa m'matumbo awo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira. Dzino la sphale whale limalemekezedwa kwambiri ngati minyanga ya njovu.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Sperm whale ndiye nsomba yokhayo yomwe imatha kumeza munthu kwathunthu osatafuna.... Komabe, ngakhale anthu ambiri amafa posaka anamgumi ena, anamgumiwo, mwachiwonekere, samameza anthu omwe amalowa m'madzi. Mlandu wokhawo wotsimikizika (womwe udalembedwa ndi Briteni Admiralty) udachitika mu 1891 pafupi ndi Zilumba za Falkland.
Zoona!Whale whale anaphwanya boti lochokera ku british schooner yaku Britain "Star of the East", woyendetsa sitima m'modzi adaphedwa, ndipo winayo, harpooner James Bartley, adasowa ndipo amamuganiziranso kuti wamwalira.
Whale wa sperm yemwe adamiza bwatolo adaphedwa patadutsa maola ochepa; kupha nyama yake kunapitilira usiku wonse. Pofika m'mawa, asodzi, atafika m'matumbo a namgumiyo, adapeza James Bartley, yemwe anali atakomoka, m'mimba mwake. Bartley adapulumuka, ngakhale sanakhale ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Tsitsi lake lidagwera pamutu pake, ndipo khungu lake lidatayika ndipo lidakhalabe loyera ngati pepala. Bartley adayenera kusiya ntchito yopanga nsomba, koma adatha kupanga ndalama zambiri, akudziwonetsa pa zokambirana ngati munthu yemwe anali m'mimba mwa chinsomba ngati Yona wa m'Baibulo.
