Nyama yaying'ono kwambiri ya mtundu wa llama ndi vicuña. Zinyama ndi za banja la Camelidae ndipo zimapezeka kwambiri ku South America. Vicuñas ndizoweta ndipo kunja kwake zimakhala ndi kufanana ndi ma alpaca, guanacos ngakhale ngamila. Kuchokera kumapeto kwake, nyama zakutchire zimasiyana pakakhala kuti sichikhala ndi kukula komanso kukula kwake. Moyo wa anthu am'banja la Camelidae ndiwovuta - amakhala pamtunda wa 5.5 km. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake owonda, chisomo ndi mawonekedwe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a vicuna
Nyamazo zimakula mpaka 1.5 mita m'litali, ndikulemera kwapakati pa 50 kg. Vicuñas ali ndi chovala chofewa chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kukhudza komanso cholimba. Ndiwo tsitsi lomwe limapulumutsa nyama ku nyengo yoipa, kuphatikiza mphepo ndi mvula, kuzizira ndi nyengo zina zoipa.
Vicuñas ali ndi mutu waufupi, makutu ataliatali, ndi khosi laminyewa lomwe limalola kuti athe kuwona adani patali kwambiri. Pamimba, mwalamulo, utoto wa jasi umakhala woyera, pomwe kumbuyo kumakhala kofiirira. Mano akuthwa opangidwa ngati zingwe zopangira mawonekedwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakati pa ma vicunas ndi ena osatulutsidwa. Ndi chithandizo chawo, chinyama chimadula msanga msanga ndikusangalala ndi chakudya.
Ziweto zimakonda kukhala m'magulu a anthu 5-15. Gulu lirilonse liri ndi mtsogoleri wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi udindo woteteza "banja" ndipo amamvera mosamala. "Ntchito" zake zimaphatikizapo munthawi yake kuchenjeza gulu la zomwe zingachitike pangozi popereka chizindikiro china. Mtsogoleri wamwamuna amathamangitsidwa m'gululo, ndikumuweruza kuti akhale moyo wosungulumwa.
Artiodactyls amapuma usiku ndikukhala moyo wokangalika masana. Mwambiri, ma vicua ndi odekha komanso amtendere, koma nthawi zina machitidwe awo amakhala opanda tanthauzo.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kubereka
Popeza ma vicua amakhala m'malo ovuta, amangopeza chakudya chawo. Artiodactyls amadya udzu, masamba, nthambi, mphukira ndikusokoneza bwino zomera. Nyama sizimakonda kudya mizu, koma zimakonda zipilala zamtchire.
Zinyama zaulere zimapezeka kawirikawiri kuthengo. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ma vicunas adayesedwa kuti akhale oweta kwathunthu. Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chakusowa pankhope yathu, nyama zidalembedwa mu Red Book.
Nthawi yolimbirana imayamba mchaka. Mimba imakhala kwa miyezi 11, pambuyo pake ana amabadwa. Anawo amakhala pafupi ndi mayiwo kwa miyezi pafupifupi 12 ndipo amadyetsa pafupi nawo. Pambuyo pakukula, zinyama zimakhalabe m'gululi kwa zaka ziwiri, kenako zimakula ndikukhala moyo waulere.
Makhalidwe a vicuna
Ma Vicua ndi apadera pamtundu wawo ndipo palibe mitundu ina padziko lapansi. Nyamazo zimakhala zofanana ndi guanacos (ndipo zimatha ngakhale kukwatirana nawo), ma llamas ndi ngamila. Koma kusiyanako kumakhalabe pakapangidwe ka nsagwada ndi mano.
Amakhulupirira kuti ma alpaca amachokera ku vicuna. Lero ili kale mtundu wosiyana wa banja la Camelid. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale katswiri wodziwa bwino sangathe kusiyanitsa vicuña wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, popeza mawonekedwe azakugonana sadziwika mthupi ili. Anthu onse amawoneka chimodzimodzi.
Zosangalatsa
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, anthu adasonkhanitsa ziweto zambiri kuti adule ubweya wa nyama. Pambuyo pake, zinyama zinamasulidwa, ndipo kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira zomwe adapanga adapanga zovala zopangira olemekezeka. Onse omwe adayesa kulimbitsa ma vicuna adagonjetsedwa. Masiku ano ubweya amawerengedwa kuti ndi umodzi mwazinthu zosowa kwambiri komanso zodula kwambiri. Pofuna kuti asawononge nyama, aboma adachitapo kanthu kuti atetezeke.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ma vicuñas adawonedwa ku Andes mzaka za XII. BC.
