Jaguarundi ndi imodzi mwa nyama zachilendo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Thupi lokoma ndi lamphamvu la weasel lokhala ndi mphuno yozungulira komanso makutu ozungulira a otter, wamtali pang'ono ndi kulemera, mchira wautali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi komanso moyo wachinsinsi wa mphaka wodya nyamawu nthawi zonse kwadzutsa chidwi pakati pa ofufuza.
Zinyama zazing'ono zofanananso ndi puma ndi nyamazi zinadziwika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'malo otentha otentha, m'chigwa, ku savannah, kumtunda kwa mapiri. Jaguarundis amadziwa kusambira, sakonda kukwera mitengo, komanso ali ndi ma chromosomes 38, omwe ndi amphaka aku Europe; amphaka ang'ono - "anzathu" a jaguarundi ali ndi 36 okha.
Kufotokozera kwa jaguarundi
Mphaka yemwe amawoneka ngati nyama zingapo nthawi imodzi, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi ma chromosomes apadera, adadabwitsa ofufuzawo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu... Amatha kukhala ofiira owoneka bwino, imvi, bulauni. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, ndi utoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polekanitsa nyama kukhala mitundu iwiri: jaguarundi ndi eyra.
Kenako kupezeka kodabwitsa kunapangidwa - amphaka amitundu yonse adapanga mabanja, ana amphaka ofiira ofiira komanso otuwa akhoza kukhala zinyalala. Chifukwa chake asayansi amakonda kunena kuti jaguarundi ndimtundu wa cougar osagawika mitundu yawo.
Maonekedwe
Thupi la mphaka waku South America limafika kutalika kwa 75-80 masentimita, lamphamvu, lokulirapo, ndi minofu yotukuka. Mchira wake ndi wautali, mpaka 60 cm, komanso wowonda, mawoko ake ndiamphamvu, afupiafupi, mutu ndi wocheperako, wokhala ndi thunzi lozungulira komanso makutu ang'onoang'ono. Kulemera kwa zokongola izi sikuposa 10 kg.
Chovalacho ndi cholimba, chosalala, ndipo chimakwanira bwino thupi. Amphaka nthawi zina amakhala ndi timadontho, kuwapangitsa kufanana ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri - cheetah, koma patadutsa miyezi ingapo chidutswacho chimasowa. Mtundu wa monochromatic umathandizira kubisala bwino, ndipo kapangidwe kathupi kamathandizira kudutsa udzu, tchire laminga ndi nkhalango zowirira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chikhalidwe cha jaguarundi ndi kusowa kwa utoto woyera, kulibe ngakhale kachidutswa m'makutu, kamene kali mwapadera kwa banja lachilendo.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ma mini-cougars adafotokozedwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19, kuyambira pamenepo pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yasankhidwa kukhala subspecies, kutengera malo okhala, utoto, kukula.
Moyo
Nyama yanzeru, yovuta komanso yolimba kwambiri imangowukira nyama zokha zomwe zimatha kupirira. Kukula kwakung'ono kumakakamiza kuti asamale kwambiri, abisala mwaluso komanso kuthamangitsa nyama kwa maola ambiri. Jaguarundi amakhala moyo wachinsinsi, iwo, monga amphaka ambiri, amakhala osungulumwa, koma amasamala kwambiri ana awo, amawayamwitsa mpaka zaka 1.5 - 2. Amphaka amtchire amateteza madera awo mosamala, amathamangitsa mwankhanza... Mphaka "amayenda" m'chipululu ndi m'chipululu, kuyang'ana malire a chiwembu chake, kukula kwake kumafika 100 mita lalikulu. Km. Amphaka amafunika 20 sq. km, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalire ndi amuna, omwe amathandiza kwambiri dera loterolo.
Nyama zimasaka usana ndi usiku, nthawi zambiri zimawononga malo am'minda, omwe amadziwika mopanda mantha komanso mochenjera, kuyang'anira kwa maola ambiri ndikusankha mphindi yolimbana ndi bwalo la nkhuku.
Amphaka amapanga malo awo okhala m'nkhalango zowirira zosawoloka, mulu wa nkhuni zakufa kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbali ina ya mlengalenga ndi jaguarundi ndizodabwitsa: amatha kutsanzira mawu a mbalame, mluzu, kulira, kulira ndi purr.
Chidwi cha mitundu yodabwitsa ya feline, ofufuzawa adapeza zambiri. Chibale ndi oimira ku Europe, kutha kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, omnivorousness, kusaka masana, dzuwa likakwera pachimake, zina zambiri zimakakamiza asayansi kuti abwerere ku kafukufuku wa jaguarundi mobwerezabwereza.
Utali wamoyo
Ali mu ukapolo, m'malo osungira ana ndi malo osungira zinyama, ma aires ofiira ofiira ndi ma jaguarundis akuda amakhala zaka 15, kupitiriza ntchito yawo komanso kutha kusaka. Mwachilengedwe, sikunali kotheka kukhazikitsa molondola kutalika kwa moyo, asayansi amavomereza kuti, monga ziweto, amphaka amtchire atha kukhala zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo, ngati samwalira chifukwa cha zikhadabo ndi zibwano za omwe akupikisana nawo, misampha ndi zipolopolo za alenje.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Oimira amtundu uwu amtundu wa cougars amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ku South ndi Central America. Panama amadziwika kuti ndi malo obadwira a jaguarundi, koma amamva ngati eni ku Paraguay, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, amatha kukhala ndi kusaka mosamala ku Amazon, amapezeka ku Texas ndi Mexico.
Kulikonse komwe nyamazi zimakhazikika, kuyandikira kwamadzi ndi nkhalango zowirira kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Malo okhala abwino kwambiri ndi zomera zowirira, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wobisala posaka nyama.
Zakudya, zomwe jaguarundi amadya
Amphaka amtchire omwe amasaka usana ndi usiku amakhala pafupifupi omnivorous. Kulanda m'makhola akuthwa kumatha kukhala nyama iliyonse, chokwawa, nsomba, tizilombo, yoyenera kukula.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'malo awo, jaguarundis amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo zoyipa zomwe zimawononga nyumba za nkhuku, sizimakondedwa kwenikweni ndi eni mafamu pomwe nyama zomwe zili ndi ubweya wofunika zimawombedwa, chinchillas, Guinea nkhumba, ndi mbalame zam'madzi zili pachiwopsezo.
Amphaka samanyoza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, amakonda kudya mphesa... Nzika zakumidzi zimakakamizidwa kupempha thandizo kwa aboma pomwe jaguarundi, limodzi ndi anyani, amakonza "kuwukira" m'minda ya nthochi, akuwononga mbewu yabwino, koma sangathe kuwopseza nyama pawokha, amatha kubisala akawona zoopsa, kenako ndikubwerera komwe kuli chakudya chochuluka ...
Kuyandikira kwa malo osungira kumafunikira ndi ma cougars ochepa osodza kwenikweni. Koma samangogwira nsomba zokha. Jaguarundis ndi osambira abwino kwambiri, motero amakhala mvula yamabingu kwa abakha ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi. Buluzi, achule, njoka, iguana nawonso amadya amphaka.
Zofunika! Jaguarundi okha pakati pa amphaka amakhala ozizira poyembekezera nyama zamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Ikatsamira kumchira wamphamvu, nyama imatha kukhala pafupifupi ola limodzi, kutambalala pamzere ndikusuzumira m'nkhalango.
Kulumpha pamalopo, mphaka amatha kugunda msanga mpaka 2 mita ndikupweteketsa koopsa ndi zikhadabo zake.
Ali mu ukapolo, odyetsawa amadyetsedwa nyama yatsopano, kangapo pamlungu amapatsidwa chakudya chodyera, chopatsa zipatso ndi zipatso. Koma ngakhale okongola okongola obadwira muukapolo saiwala za chibadwa chawo, amatha kugwira mbewa ndi makoswe omwe amalowa m'nyumba zawo, amatha, kukondera kukwera mitengo, kukwera pamwamba kwambiri kuti akasake mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zalowera mchikwere.
Kukula pang'ono kuposa amphaka oweta, jaguarundi ndiwowopsa kuzinyama zambiri, imatha kusamala poyang'anizana ndi chiwopsezo chakunja, imatha kuukira nyama yayikulu kwambiri kuposa iyo, ndipo kuwomba kwa mano amphamvu kumang'amba khungu lolimba kwambiri. Koma kuti aukire mosafunikira, ngati palibe chowopseza nyumba ndi ana, mphaka sangatero, amasankha kubisala kuti asayang'ane.
Kubereka ndi ana
Amuna nthawi zonse amateteza gawo lawo, kulola akazi okhaokha omwe amakhala m'malire nawo kuwonekera... Ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, amphaka amasiya zipsera zakuya pansi, mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo, "kuyika chizindikiro" ndi mkodzo, ndipo nthawi zambiri ubweya womwe umachoka "mutakanda" mphaka pamtengo ndi tchire umakhala chizindikiro kwa alendo.
Kununkhira ndi kuda kwake kumakhala chizindikiro kwa omwe akupikisana nawo, komanso munyengo yamatumba - amphaka okonzekera umuna. Kawiri pachaka, zamphongo zimayamba kumenya nkhondo zowopsa zazimuna. Nthawi yokwanira sikuchepera ndi nthawi, jaguarundi imatha kubereka kamodzi pamwezi 6 iliyonse.
Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu, monganso ziweto. Ana, mwa zinyalala za iwo kuyambira 1 mpaka 4, amabadwa opanda chochita, akhungu. Mkati mwa masabata atatu oyambilira, chakudya chokha kwa iwo ndi mkaka wa amayi, ndipo tiamphaka tija tikatsegula maso awo, mphaka amayamba "kuwadyetsa" ndi masewera omwe agwidwawo.
Kwa miyezi iwiri, amphaka amayamba kuphunzira kusaka, ali ndi zaka 1 amatha kupeza chakudya chawo, koma ali ndi zaka ziwiri zokha amayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Jaguarundi amakula msinkhu wazaka 2.5.
Adani achilengedwe
Amphaka amphongo ang'onoang'ono ayenera kukhala ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe. Koma jauarundi amapulumutsidwa ndi kuthekera kwawo kusaka masana, pamene zolusa zina zimakonda kugona.
Coyotes, cougars, ocelots ndi ziweto zina zazikulu kuposa jaguarundi sangangokhala ochita nawo mpikisano, komanso adani oyipitsitsa. Amphaka amphaka amayenera kulimbana nawo osati moyo, koma imfa. Ndipo wofooka nthawi zambiri amataya. Chifukwa chake, ma mini-coug amayesetsa kupewa ndewu, ngati pali mwayi, kusiya njira za nyama zowononga zazikulu, kubisala m'nkhalango, momwe zimakhala zovuta kuzitsata.
Jaguarundi ndi munthu
Maonekedwe achilendo ndi mphamvu ya jaguarundi, kulimba mtima kwawo komanso nzeru zawo zakopa munthu wakale. Amphakawa amatha kuwonekera pafupi ndi nyumba, kuwukira ziweto zazing'ono, osawopa kununkhiza kwa adani owopsa - anthu. Ndipo mosiyana ndi nyama zina zambiri zamtchire, jaguarundi ndiosavuta kuilamulira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi akuvomereza kuti nyama izi ndizomwe zimayamba kuwetedwa pofuna kuteteza chakudya ku mbewa ndi makoswe. Jaguarundi mopanda chifundo anawononga makoswe onse, komanso zokwawa zowopsa, tizilombo, ngati timakhala pafupi ndi anthu.
Ngakhale asanafike azungu, m'mafuko ambiri aku India, amphakawa amakhala ngati ziweto, omwe amadziwika ndi nkhanza kwa alendo, kuteteza awo ndi kuteteza madera awo.
M'malo amphaka wamtchire, nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa nawo, chifukwa nyama zolusa zimawononga mayadi a ng'ombe ndi nyumba za nkhuku, zimawononga mbewu. Ubweya wa Jaguarundi suwerengedwa kuti ndiwofunika, motero kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa mitunduyi sikuwopsezedwa, anthu aku South ndi Central America ndi ambiri.
Koma ku Europe, komwe amphaka amabweretsedwa ndi okondedwa, amakhala otetezedwa.... Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, chilombocho chimakhalabe cholusa, motero jaguarundi siyabwino kusungitsa nyumbayo, pokhapokha ngati ili malo akudziko.
