Nkhumba zazing'ono kapena nkhumba zazing'ono zazing'ono, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kokha mu labotale kapena kafukufuku wamankhwala, komanso ngati chiweto chokongoletsa komanso choyambirira, chosowa.
Mbiri yoyambira
Nkhumba zazing'ono zidabadwa zaka zopitilira 50 zapitazo ku Germany... Nguruwe zazing'ono zakutchire ndi nkhumba zamphesa zaku Vietnamese zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kholo. Pakadali pano palibe mitundu yodziwika bwino, ndipo akatswiri ochokera kumayiko ambiri, kuphatikiza Russia, pakadali pano akugwira ntchito yopanga tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, tomwe timatchedwa nkhumba zazing'ono.
Kuwonekera ndikufotokozera za nkhumba yaying'ono
Mitundu ya nkhumba zazing'ono zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Anthu amapezeka ndi zakuda, zofiira, mchenga, marble, ma brindle komanso mitundu yosakanikirana. Kukula mwachangu kwa chiweto chotere kumachitika kokha mchaka choyamba ndi theka mpaka zaka ziwiri za moyo, pambuyo pake chiweto chimatha "nkhumba", ndikukula kwambiri.
Kulemera kwakanthawi kwa nkhumba yaying'ono yayikulu imatha kukhala pakati pa 30-80 kg, ndipo nkhumba zazing'ono zimalemera kwambiri - 10-30 kg. Nthaŵi zambiri, magawo a kulemera ndi kutalika kwa nkhumba yaying'ono amatsimikiziridwa ndi boma ndi mtundu wa zakudya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zina pamakhala yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono yaying'ono yolemera thupi yopitilira 6-10 makilogalamu, koma kulemera kumeneku si mtundu wamtunduwu, chifukwa chake, ndikosowa kwambiri masiku ano.
Utali wamoyo
Malingana ndi mikhalidwe yonse yomangidwa, kuyesedwa koyenera kwa ziweto ndi katemera, komanso kudyetsa kwathunthu komanso koyenera, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa nkhumba yaying'ono sichidutsa zaka 12-15, koma nkhumba zanthawi yayitali zimadziwika kuti "zidapitilira" ngakhale zaka makumi awiri.
Mitundu yayikulu ya nkhumba zazing'ono
Ngakhale kuwoneka ngati kosavuta kwa chiweto chotere, funso lakusankha mtundu wa nkhumba yaying'ono liyenera kuyankhidwa mosamala kwambiri... Mpaka pano, mitundu yayikuluyi ikupezeka kuti mugule okonda ziweto zoyambirira:
- Mitundu yaying'ono ya Bergstrasser Knirt, yochokera ku mitundu yotchuka yaku China. Kulemera kwa mkazi wamkulu, monga lamulo, sikupitilira 9-10 makilogalamu, ndipo wamwamuna wamkulu - 13-15 makilogalamu. Uwu ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wokoma mtima komanso wokondwa, komanso kudzipereka kopanda malire kwa eni ake;
- Mini Minyalino yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yatsopano, mosasamala kanthu za jenda, imalemera zosaposa 9-10 kg. Mtundu wa nyama ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena wakuda komanso woyera ndi mawanga. Nkhumba zazing'ono zotere zimadziwika ndi luntha ndi kuphunzira, komanso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso odekha, koma pakalibe kuleredwa zitha kukhala zopulupudza komanso zobwezera;
- Mitundu yaying'ono yaying'ono ya nkhumba za Wiesenau zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri komanso kulibe makutu pakhungu lankosilo. Iyi si njira yabwino kwambiri yosungidwira m'nyumba, yomwe ndi chifukwa cha kulemera kochititsa chidwi, komwe akulu amatha kufikira makilogalamu 20-25. Monga momwe ziwonetsero zikuwonetsera, izi ndizabwino kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kuzolowera kuchimbudzi pamalo ena;
- Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa nkhumba zaku Vietnamese ndi nkhumba zoyambirira za Göttingen. Nkhumba yamphongo yotere imakhala ndi mimba yotchuka kwambiri, ndipo kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika makilogalamu 90-100. Chodziwika bwino cha mtunduwo ndi kususuka modabwitsa, komanso kulephera kwake kudya;
- kakang'ono kapena kamtengo kakang'ono ka ku Siberia kamakhala pakati pa nkhumba zazing'ono, zolemera zomwe zimasiyana pakati pa 45-50 kg. Chinyama choterocho chimakhala ndi miyendo yaying'ono, yayitali, ndipo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mimba yozungulira, ndipo mawonekedwe apadera a khungu komanso kupezeka kwa mafuta ochepetsetsa amalola kuti nyamazo zizitha kupirira maboma otentha.
Mpaka posachedwa, nkhumba zokhazokha zaku Vietnam zokha zidakwezedwa mdziko lathu ngati mtundu wamfupi. Komabe, kulemera kwakukulu kwa nyama yayikulu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafika makilogalamu 100, idapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda nyumba.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zowona kuti oweta zoweta nawonso adagwira ntchito yambiri pobzala nkhumba zazing'ono, osati zokongoletsera, koma cholinga chenicheni - choti mugwiritse ntchito pakufufuza kwa labotale, ndipo mitundu yazing'ono yomwe idapangidwa idatchedwa "minisibs".
Kusunga nkhumba yokongoletsera kunyumba
Monga chiweto chokongoletsera, m'nyumba, mutha kuyika nkhumba yaying'ono mofanana ndi galu kapena mphaka, osachepetsa nyama mlengalenga. Kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyeza kuti luntha la nkhumba wamba limakhala pafupifupi lofanana ndi la mwana wazaka zinayi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nkhumba zazing'ono zimawerengedwa kuti ndi ziweto zanzeru kwambiri zomwe ndizosavuta kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzitsa, kuphunzira malamulo mwachangu ndikuzolowera thireyi, komanso sikutulutsa zonunkhira zosasangalatsa. Adakali aang'ono, ziweto zoterezi zimakonda kusewera komanso kuchita chidwi, koma amakonda kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa kuyambira masiku oyamba, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi chakudya choyenera komanso kuyenda pafupipafupi.
Chiweto chaching'ono chomwe changolowa kumene kumene komanso malo achilendo chidzafunika nthawi kuti chizolowere... Kuti afewetse mosavuta mwana yemwe wamupezayo mpaka pomumanga, zimafunika kupirira komanso kusamala. M'masiku oyambirira, simuyenera kutenga chiweto m'manja mwanu kapena kukakamiza kuchita china chilichonse. Ndikofunikanso kukonza njira zilizonse zovuta zaukhondo panthawi yomwe chiweto chimasinthidwa mokwanira.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
M'nyumba ya nkhumba yaying'ono, muyenera kukhala ndi malo anu enieni. Zachidziwikire, ndikwabwino kuyika chipinda chapadera cha nkhumba yaying'ono, koma njirayi ndiyosatheka mukasungidwa mnyumba. Nkhumba zazing'ono zimakhala m'gulu la ziweto zoyera, chifukwa zimatha kuphunzitsidwa mosavuta kuti zizidzipulumutsa kumalo osankhidwa mwanjira izi.
Mosasamala mtunduwo, nkhumba zonse zazing'ono zimakonda kusambira. Ngakhale kuti nkhumba zazing'ono sizimakhetsa, komanso sizikhala ndi fungo lonunkhira komanso losasangalatsa, njira zamadzi zimapatsa chiweto chisangalalo chachikulu, kotero mutha kuzisambitsa nthawi zambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Monga lamulo, thireyi yayikulu yokhala ndi mbali zotsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimbudzi. Koma sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kudzaza, chifukwa sizingamwazidwe ndi ziweto mchipinda chonse, komanso kudya.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito bafa pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kuyika mphasa wotsutsa pansi.... Akasamba, khungu la chiweto limachiritsidwa ndi mafuta apadera ndi mafuta kuti zisaume. Pafupifupi katatu kapena kanayi pachaka, madzi akatha, ziboda ziyenera kuchepetsedwa bwino.
Kuyenda nkhumba yaying'ono
Nkhumba zazing'ono zimakonda kusamba ndi dzuwa, komanso zimakonda kukhala ndi chithunzi choyenda bwino, choncho chiweto choterechi chiyenera kuperekedwa, ngati si tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti amayenda pafupipafupi, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Malinga ndi akatswiri, kuyenda koyamba ndi nkhumba yaying'ono kuyenera kuimitsidwa mpaka nthawi yomwe nyama ilandire katemera wambiri komanso nthawi yoti muzolowere malo okhala ikutha.
Kuyambira pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, nkhumba yaying'ono iyenera kuphunzitsidwa kuvala zingwe, zomwe zithandizira kuyenda. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti poyenda, simuyenera kusankha malo obiriwira okha, komanso malo a phula, omwe amalola ziboda za ziweto zawo kuwonongeka mwachilengedwe.
Momwe mungadyetse nkhumba yaying'ono
Nkhumba yaying'ono ndi nyama ya omnivorous yomwe ili ndi njala yabwino. Zimadziwikanso kuti njira zamagetsi mu nkhumba zazing'ono zili pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe amthupi la munthu, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse yazakudya zapangidwira chiweto chotere.
Zakudya zotsatirazi ndizoyenera mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya nkhumba zazing'ono:
- m'mawa - phala lokwanira kwambiri, koma phala labwino kwambiri la buckwheat ndikuwonjezera mkaka wambiri;
- masana - zipatso, zoyimiriridwa ndi mphesa, nthochi, peyala, makangaza, komanso masamba atsopano kapena owiritsa ndi zitsamba;
- madzulo - chisakanizo chokhazikika ndi chimanga ndi kuwonjezera kwa zipatso kapena pang'ono pokha mkaka wofukiza, woimiridwa ndi mkaka wowotcha, yogurt kapena kefir.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuti mukhale ndi kulemera pang'ono ndi kutalika, zakudya zoyimiriridwa ndi mapuloteni azinyama ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamiyeso ya nkhumba yaying'ono. Ndikuletsedwanso kuti mugwiritse ntchito chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa kudyetsa nkhumba ndi zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa kudyetsa chiweto:
- buledi, zinyenyeswazi ndi zinthu zophika;
- nyama ndi nsomba;
- bowa;
- zopangidwa ndi mkaka;
- zokometsera ndi marinades;
- zinyalala zochokera patebulo;
- mbatata yaiwisi ndi yophika;
- kabichi woyera;
- njuchi;
- mchere, shuga, chokoleti ndi maswiti;
- nsonga za phwetekere ndi tomato wobiriwira;
- anyezi.
Zakudya zopatsa mafuta kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kukula ndikusokoneza thanzi la ziweto zikuphatikizapo timadziti tomwe timapakidwa, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, maso a apurikoti ndi mtedza, ndi chimanga. Chinyama chikuyenera kukhala ndi madzi akumwa oyera otentha.
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
M'chipinda choperekedwa kuti muzisamalira nkhumba yaying'ono, sipayenera kukhala ma drafti, omwe angachepetse chiwopsezo chakukhudza nyamayo ndi matenda am'mapapo. Komanso, chinyezi ndi chowopsa kwa nkhumba yaying'ono, yoyambitsa ziboda. Mwazina, matenda ofala kwambiri a nkhumba zazing'ono ndi awa:
- dyspepsia ya akhanda;
- matumbo a colibacillosis;
- salmonellosis kapena "paratyphoid";
- matenda a streptococcal;
- ziphuphu;
- kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Zikhala zovuta kwambiri kuti mwini nkhumba yaying'ono azindikire matendawa, komanso kudziwa kukula kwa matendawa, ngati alibe chidziwitso chokwanira. Ndicho chifukwa chake, pachiwonetsero choyamba cha machitidwe achilendo kapena zachilendo zamanofu, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yomweyo mupeze upangiri kwa veterinarian.
Kubereketsa nkhumba zazing'ono
Pofuna kubzala nkhumba zazing'ono, m'pofunika kugula nkhumba zazing'ono zingapo: chachikazi ndi champhongo. Kuti apange mikhalidwe yokwatirana, ndikofunikira kudikirira nthawi yomwe mkazi amabwera kudzasaka.
Nthawi ya bere imasiyanasiyana pakati pa masiku 114-118. Nthawi zambiri, zitosi zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala pakati pa ana asanu mpaka makumi awiri, ndipo kutha msinkhu kumatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kubereka, monga lamulo, kumachitika popanda zovuta zilizonse, chifukwa chake, sizitengera kulowererapo kwapadera. Komabe, eni ake azinyama zachilendozi amakonda kuyitanitsa veterinarian kuti abereke. Mikhalidwe yolemera ya ana obadwa kumene ndi kunenepa kwa ana a nkhumba zimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa mitundu:
- Matumbo osiyanasiyana a ku Vietnamese: kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda ndi 500-600 g, ndipo mwana wazaka khumi ali pafupifupi ma kilogalamu atatu;
- mitundu ingapo ya nkhumba yaying'ono ya Göttingen: kulemera kwa wakhanda ndi 400-500 g, ndipo mwana wazaka khumi ali pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka;
- Mini-Mayyalino osiyanasiyana: kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda ndi 150-200 g, ndipo mwana wazaka khumi amakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi;
- zosiyanasiyana za Wiesenau: kulemera kwa wakhanda ndi 150-200 g, ndipo mwana wazaka khumi wazaka zopitilira kilogalamu imodzi;
- mtundu wa chikwama cha Bergstrasser: kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda ndi 100-150 g, ndipo mwana wazaka khumi ali pafupifupi kilogalamu.
M'masiku khumi oyambirira, ana a nkhumba amadya mkaka wa m'mawere wokha. Komanso, m'pofunika pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera, popeza pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka mkazi amachepetsa kwambiri mkaka.
Gulani zokongoletsa nkhumba, mtengo
Mtengo wa ana ang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono sapezeka nthawi zonse kwa okonda ziweto zoyambirira. Mtengo wapakati wa chiweto cha mwezi uliwonse umayamba ma ruble zikwi makumi awiri, ndipo zimatengera mtundu wake, komanso kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, nkhumba zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizochepa kwambiri pakadali pano, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Ndibwino kuti mupeze nkhumba yaying'ono m'minda yapadera, chifukwa apo ayi ndizotheka kuti nkhumba yolemera makilogalamu opitilira 200 ikule kuchokera ku kankhumba kakang'ono komanso kokongola. M'minda yokhazikika, nyama zonse zoswana zimatsata kwathunthu mitundu ya mitundu ndipo ndizochepera kukula. Otsatsa omwe ali ndiudindo amapereka zikalata zanyama zomwe zagulitsidwa, kulangizidwa za chisamaliro chawo, komanso ali okonzeka kupereka mitengo yotsika mtengo.
Ndemanga za eni
Nkhumba zazing'ono ndizoyenera kukhala za ziweto za hypoallergenic, chifukwa zimatha kusungidwa ngakhale ndi omwe ali ndi mphumu. Kawirikawiri chiweto chotere chimakhala bwino ndi ziweto zina. M'zaka zaposachedwa, nkhumba zazing'ono zimaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza osati chifukwa chachilendo - nkhumba yaying'ono imatha kukhala bwenzi lenileni kwa onse apabanja.
Nkhumba zazing'ono zapakhomo zimakhala ndi njira yotukuka kwambiri yolumikizirana mothandizidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa thupi, komanso kumveka kosiyanasiyana, kotero nyamayi imamanga ubale ndi eni ake chimodzimodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nkhumba za Pygmy nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoweta komanso zosangalatsa. Sikoyenera kuwasiya okha kwa nthawi yayitali. Mini-nkhumba pankhaniyi amatha kukhala otopetsa, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kugwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Musanaganize zogula chiweto monga nkhumba yaying'ono, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zina mwazinthu zazing'ono za nkhumba. Nyama yotereyi imangokhalira kulira mokweza kapena kukuwa. Ziboda zazing'ono zimawomba mokweza paphwandopo, zomwe sizikondweretsa anansi ake pansipa. Mwazina, nkhumba zamkati ziyenera kuwunikira komanso kusamalira bwino..
