Mamba wakuda akamamwetulira, thawani: njokayo (mosiyana ndi chitsimikizo cha Wikipedia) ndi yankhanza kwambiri komanso yowukira mosazengereza. Pakalibe mankhwala, mudzawalonjera makolo anu mumphindi 30.
Kumwetulira kwa Asp
Si umboni wachisangalalo chokwawa chokwawa pamaso pa wovutitsidwayo, koma zimangowonetsa mawonekedwe ake - kudula pakamwa. Wotsirizira, mwa njira, amawoneka ngati mamba ikupitilira kutafuna mabulosi abulu, ndikuwasambitsa ndi inki. Pakamwa, osati mtundu wa sikelo, ndi amene anapatsa dzinali dzina. Poopseza, mamba imatsegula pakamwa pake, momwe munthu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro otsogola amatha kuwona bokosi.
Gawo loyambirira la dzina lasayansi la Dendroaspis polylepis limafotokoza zakukonda kwazomera, komwe njoka imapuma, gawo lachiwiri likukumbutsa zakukula kwake.
Ndi chokwawa chochepa kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la asp, ngakhale chikuyimira kuposa abale ake apamtima, mamba wopapatiza komanso wobiriwira.
Avereji ya magawo a mamba yakuda: mita 3 m'litali ndi 2 kg yama misa. Herpetologists amakhulupirira kuti mwachilengedwe, njoka zazikulu zimawonetsa kukula kwake - 4.5 mita ndi 3 kg ya kulemera.
Komabe, mamba yakuda sifikira kutalika kwa mphiri yachifumu yopambana, koma ili patsogolo pake (monga ma aspids onse) potengera kukula kwa mano owopsa, imakula mpaka 22-23 mm.
Ali wachinyamata, chokwawa chimakhala ndi mtundu wowala - siliva kapena azitona. Kukula, njokayo imachita mdima, kukhala maolivi akuda, imvi ndi sheen wachitsulo, wobiriwira wa maolivi, koma osakhala wakuda!
Wolemba mbiri pakati pa njoka
Dendroaspis polylepis - mwini wosakhazikika maudindo angapo odabwitsa:
- Njoka yapoizoni kwambiri ku Africa (komanso imodzi mwazowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi).
- Njoka yayitali kwambiri mu Africa.
- Makina opanga njoka zoyambitsa njoka kwambiri.
- Njoka yapoizoni yofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mutu wotsiriza umatsimikiziridwa ndi Guinness Book of Records, yomwe imati cholengedwa chokwawa chimafulumira mpaka 16-19 km / h patali pang'ono.
Zowona, mu mbiri yolembedwa yovomerezeka ya 1906, ziwerengero zoletsedweratu zikuwonetsedwa: 11 km / h pagawo la 43 mita mu malo amodzi ku East Africa.
Kuphatikiza kumadera akum'mawa kwa kontrakitala, mamba yakuda imapezeka yambiri m'zigawo zake zapakatikati kwambiri zouma komanso kum'mwera.
Malowa akuphatikiza Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Senegal, Eritrea, Guinea, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Malawi, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia, Somalia, Tanzania , Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Republic of Congo ndi Zimbabwe.
Njokayi imakhala m'nkhalango, m'zipululu, zigwa zamitsinje ndi mitengo youma ndi malo otsetsereka amiyala. Mtengo kapena shrub umakhala ngati pogona dzuwa kuti mamba igwire padzuwa, koma, monga lamulo, imakonda dziko lapansi, kutsetsereka pakati pazomera.
Nthawi zina, njokayo imakwawira m'miyulu yakale ya chiswe kapena ikasowa m'mitengo.
Moyo wakuda mamba
Zolemekezeka za amene anatulukira Dendroaspis polylepis ndi za katswiri wodziwika bwino wama herpetologist Albert Gunther. Anapanga kupezeka kwake mu 1864, ndikufotokozera njokayo mizere 7 yokha. Kwa zaka zana ndi theka, chidziwitso cha anthu cha nyama yakupha iyi chalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
Tsopano tikudziwa kuti njoka yakuda ya mamba imadya abuluzi, mbalame, chiswe, ndi njoka zina, komanso nyama zazing'ono: makoswe, mahatchi (ofanana ndi nkhumba), galago (wofanana ndi mandimu), olumpha njovu ndi mileme.
Chokwawa chimasaka masana, kubisalira ndi kuluma mpaka wodwalayo atafa. Kukula kwa nyamayi kumatenga tsiku limodzi kapena kupitilira apo.
Adani achilengedwe amatha kuwerengedwa ndi dzanja limodzi:
- Wodya chiwombankhanga (krachun);
- mongoose (pang'ono popewa ndi poizoni);
- njoka ya singano (mehelya capensis), yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo chobadwa ndi poizoni.
Ma mamba akuda amakhala okha mpaka itakwana nthawi yoti mukhale ndi ana.
Kubereka
Masika, mnzakeyo amapeza chachikazi ndi "kafungo" kazinsinsi, kuyang'ana chonde ... ndi lilime lomwe limasanthula thupi lake kwathunthu.
Makamaka omwe amagonana nawo amakhumudwitsa pakati pa amuna: amalumikizana molumikizana, kuyesera kuti mutu wawo ukhale pamwamba pamutu wa wotsutsana. Atagonjetsedwa mwamanyazi akuthawa.
Pakatikati mwa chilimwe, mamba yomwe imakhala ndi umuna imayikira mazira (6-17), pomwe patatha miyezi 2.5-3, ma mambas akuda amatuluka - kuchokera pakubadwa "opatsidwa" poyizoni wolowa m'malo ndikutha kupeza chakudya.
Ana ambiri amamwalira nyengo yoyamba kuchokera kuzilombo, matenda ndi manja a anthu akuwasaka.
Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza kutalika kwa mamba yakuda kuthengo, koma zimadziwika kuti ku terrarium m'modzi mwa oimira mitunduyo amakhala zaka 11.
Black mamba kuluma
Ngati mwaima mosayima m'njira yake, adzakuluma poyenda, zomwe poyamba sizingadziwike.
Talingalirani za zomwe zimawopseza njokayo ngati mphatso yamtsogolo (kukweza nyumbayo, kukweza thupi ndikutsegula pakamwa): pamenepa, muli ndi mwayi wobwerera musanaponyedwe.
Pofuna kuluma, reptile amatha kubayira 100 mpaka 400 mg wa poizoni, 10 mg yomwe (pakalibe seramu) imapereka zotsatira zoyipa.
Koma choyamba, wodwalayo adzadutsa m'mayendedwe onse a gehena ndi ululu woyaka, kutupa kwa kulumidwa ndikuluma kwaminyewa ya necrosis. Ndiye pali kukoma kwachilendo pakamwa, kupweteka m'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kufiira kwamimbambo yamaso.
Mafinya akuda mamba amatenthedwa kwambiri:
- ma neurotoxins;
- cardiotoxins;
- kutchfun.
Zina zimaonedwa kuti ndizowononga kwambiri: zimayambitsa ziwalo ndi kupuma. Kuchepetsa kwathunthu kwa thupi kumachitika munthawi yochepa (kuyambira theka la ola mpaka maola angapo).
Pambuyo poluma, m'pofunika kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo - pali mwayi kwa yemwe adapatsidwa mankhwalawa ndikulumikizidwa ndi zida zopumira.
Koma odwalawa samapulumutsidwa nthawi zonse: malinga ndi ziwerengero zaku Africa 10-15% ya iwo omwe adalandira mankhwalawa panthawi yake amamwalira. Koma ngati palibe seramu, kufa kwa wozunzidwayo sikungapeweke.
Kusamalira nyumba
Inde, ma mamba akuda owopsa amawetedwa osati m'malo osungira nyama okhaokha: pali ma eccentric omwe amasunga njokazi m'nyumba zawo.
M'modzi mwa olimba mtima kwambiri komanso odziwa zambiri za terrariumists Arslan Valeev, yemwe amatsitsa makanema ndi mamba ake ku YouTube, amalangiza mwamphamvu iwo kuti aberekane kunyumba.
Malinga ndi a Valeev, mamba wopulumuka athamangira msanga kufunafuna mwini wake kuti amuphe, ndipo muphunzira za kuthawa kwake ndi kuluma kwa mphezi polowa mchipinda.
Mbuye wa njoka amachenjeza kuti kusintha kwa asp kumutu kumatha kuchitika mphindi imodzi, kenako kuweta kwathunthu (monga momwe mumawonekera) chokwawa chidzakupatsani chiganizo ndikuzichita nthawi yomweyo.
Kukonzekera kwa terrarium
Ngati izi sizikukhutiritsani, kumbukirani zomwe zimatengera kusunga ma mamba akuda kunyumba.
Choyambirira, volumous terrarium yokhala ndi zitseko zowonekera poyera kuti muwone zomwe zikuchitika mkatimo. Magawo a njoka okhala ndi valavu yapa chipata:
- kutalika osachepera 1 mita;
- kuya 0.6-0.8 m;
- m'lifupi ndi za 2 mita.
Chachiwiri, nkhalango zowirira (zamoyo kapena zopangira) pazisakasa ndi nthambi zomwe zingathandize njoka kuzolowera ukapolo. Nthambi zithandizanso kuteteza anthu achiwawa kapena amanyazi kuti asavulazidwe mwangozi.
Chachitatu, zida zilizonse zochuluka mpaka pansi: ma mamba akuda amakhala ndi metabolism yofulumira, ndipo nyuzipepala siyingawayenerere.
Zinyama zimadzutsidwa mosavuta mukangokhala pang'ono pokha, choncho, m'pofunika kuyeretsa mofulumira kwambiri mu mamba mwachisawawa ndipo nthawi zonse mumagolovesi apadera omwe amatha kupirira mano a njoka zazitali.
Kutentha
Mu terrarium lalikulu, n'zosavuta kukhala chofunika kutentha maziko - madigiri 26. Kona wofunda ayenera kutentha mpaka madigiri 30. Sayenera kukhala yotentha kuposa madigiri 24 usiku.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyali (monga zokwawa zonse zapadziko lapansi) 10% UVB.
Chakudya
Kudyetsa ma mamba kumachitika mwachizolowezi - katatu pasabata. Kuchulukaku kumachitika chifukwa chazakudya zonse, zomwe ndi maola 24-36.
Zakudya zogwidwa ndikosavuta: mbalame (1-2 kamodzi pa sabata) ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Mamba yodzaza ndi mafuta adzalavulira, choncho musapitirire. Ndipo chikumbutso chimodzi: musadyetse njokayo ndi zofinya - imayenda mwachangu mphezi ndipo sichiphonya.
Madzi
Dendroaspis polylepis amafunika kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi. Ngati ndinu aulesi kuchita izi, ikani zakumwa. Mamba samamwa madzi pafupipafupi, pogwiritsa ntchito mbale yakumwa ngati chimbudzi, koma madzi amayenera kukhalabe.
Ngati simukufuna kudula tizidutswa ta khungu lakale kumchira wa zokwawa, onetsetsani kuti mwapopera njokayo nthawi yakumwa.
Kubereka
Mamba amakhala okhwima pogonana ali ndi zaka zitatu. Kuberekanso kwa Dendroaspis polylepis mu ukapolo ndi chochitika chodabwitsa. Pakadali pano, ndi milandu iwiri yokha yakubereketsa ana "akumpoto" yomwe imadziwika: izi zidachitika ku Tropicario Zoo (Helsinki) mchilimwe cha 2010 komanso mchaka cha 2012.
Kodi mungagule kuti?
Sizingatheke kuti mupeze mamba wakuda mumsika wa nkhuku kapena m'sitolo yogulitsa ziweto. Mabwalo a Terrarium ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akuthandizani. Pofuna kuti musavutike, yang'anani mosamala wamalonda (makamaka ngati akukhala mumzinda wina) - funsani anzanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali njoka yeniyeni.
Ndi bwino kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa: pakadali pano, mudzatha kuyang'anitsitsa matenda omwe angakhalepo ndikukana nyama yodwalayo.
Zimakhala zoyipa ngati njoka yamtengo wapatali pakati pa $ 1,000 ndi $ 10,000 ipita kwa inu ndi phukusi pasitima. Chilichonse chitha kuchitika panjira, kuphatikiza kufa kwa chokwawa. Koma ndani akudziwa, mwina ndi momwe tsoka lingakupulumutsireni ku kukupsopsonani koopsa kwa mamba wakuda.
