Hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) Chinkhwe chachikulu kwambiri chowuluka. Kutalika kwake kumafika mita imodzi. Ali ndi mtundu wosiyana, womwe umadziwika dzina la mitunduyo. Mutu waudongo, maso ali ndi mizere ya chikaso chowala, ali ndi mlomo waukulu wozungulira. Ali ndi luntha lotukuka. Amamva ndikuzindikira malankhulidwe amunthu komanso mawu achilengedwe. Zatsimikizika kuti hyacinth macaw sikuti imangobwereza mawu amunthu, koma imatulutsanso mawu moyenera. Mafunso ndikuyankha mafunso, amatenga nawo mbali pazokambirana.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hyacinth Macaw
Hyacinth macaw ndi ya mtundu wa chordate, gulu la mbalame, dongosolo lofanana ndi parrot. Imodzi mwa mitundu iwiri yofotokozedwayo ya mtundu wa A. hyacinthinus.
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus kapena hyacinth macaw adafotokozedwa koyamba ndikujambulidwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi katswiri wofufuza zamatsenga waku Britain a John Leyten kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Katswiri wazachilengedwe waku England adalongosola mbalameyi potengera chitsanzo cha taxidermy chomwe adatumiza ku England kuchokera kumadera. Ntchito yoyamba yofotokozera mbalame yayikulu yabuluu yokhala ndi milomo yotchuka idayamba mchaka cha 1790 ndipo idatchedwa Psittacus hyacinthinus.
Kanema: Hyacinth Macaw
Dzina lamakono la mbalame yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira kuyambira 100 mpaka 130 sentimita. Mitengo ya mtundu wodabwitsa wa safiro. Mutu ndi waung'ono, waukhondo, wokutidwa kwathunthu ndi nthenga yaying'ono. Mphete yochititsa chidwi kuzungulira maso ndi mzere wopanga mlomo ngati masharubu ofiira. Hyacinth macaw imatha kuzindikirika ndi mchira wake wautali komanso mulomo waukulu, wamphamvu. Habitat Brazil, Bolivia ndi Paraguay.
Woyimira wachiwiri wamtunduwu, kachilombo kakang'ono ka hyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus leari, anafotokozedwa ndi mphwake wa Napoleon Bonaparte mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 19. Carl Bonaparte adalongosola mbalameyi chaka chimodzi asanamwalire.
Carl Bonaparte adazindikira kusiyanasiyana pakati pa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Nkhuyu yaing'onoting'ono imakhala ndi mtundu womwewo, koma mapikowo ndi okuda pang'ono, ndipo mutu, chifuwa ndi mimba ndizobiriwira. Chosiyanitsa chachikulu ndi kukula ndi kulemera kwa mbalameyi. Kutalika kwa thupi kunali 75 cm ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 800. Amakhala m'malo ovuta kufikako ku North-East ku Brazil.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Parrot hyacinth macaw
Hyacinth macaws ndi zinkhwe zazikulu kwambiri zouluka padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi kulemera kolimba kwa mbalame kuyambira magalamu 800 mpaka kilogalamu imodzi, zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kwambiri. Mbalameyi imangokhala. Sasamukira, sasintha malo okhala, amakhalabe madera azikhalidwe za mitundu yonse ya moyo wake. Komabe, pofunafuna chakudya, imatha kuuluka makilomita khumi, kenako nkubwerera kuchisa usiku.
Hyacinth macaws amapanga nyumba zawo m'mapanga a mtengo wa Panama. Mtengo umakhala wa maluwa am'maluwa ndipo uli ndi mtengo wofewa komanso wopepuka womwe umalola kuti mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zikule ndi kuzamitsa maenje ake achilengedwe. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimasankha mipata ikuluikulu komanso yabwino. Ngati ndi kotheka, pezani pansi pa dzenje ndi masamba owuma, timitengo ndi nthenga, zomwe zimapezeka mu zisoti za mitengo ndi pansi. Kutalika kwa malo okhala ndi zisa kumatha kufika mamita 40 kuchokera pansi.
Chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo wamisinkhu ikuluikulu komanso yowongoka, ma hyacinth macaws amatchedwa zimphona zofatsa. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zinatchulidwanso kuti ndizokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achikondi molondola. Mbalame yanzeru imalankhula zilankhulo za ambuye ake, imasanthula bwino malankhulidwe, imalowa muzokambirana, imadziwa nthabwala. Macaw buluu ndiyabwino komanso yabwino, ndikupanga mnzake wabwino.
Hyacinth macaw yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yafika kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Kulemera kwake ndi 1.8 kg. Kutalika kwa mapiko a masentimita 42. Mchira wake ndi wautali komanso wosongoka. Mapiko okongola a buluu amasintha mtundu kukhala kamvekedwe kakang'ono kumapeto. Mtundu wa khosi wokhala ndi mthunzi pang'ono wosuta.
Kodi kachilombo ka macaw kakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hyacinth macaw
Hyacinth macaw amakhala nkhalango zowonda, osati zowirira komanso zochuluka ku South America. Malo okhala oyambirira ali m'nkhalango. Gawo ili la nkhalangoyi lili m'mbali mwa mitsinje yotentha. Wambiri zipatso, zipatso ndi mtedza. Pali chakudya chokwanira pano, nthambi za mitengo zimakhala zoteteza ndipo nthawi yomweyo pali malo okwanira kuwuluka.
Zimphona zofatsa zimapezeka m'malo ambiri ku Bolivia, okutidwa ndi mitsinje yam'malo otentha, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango zazinyanja. Malo okhalamo a hyacinth macaw ali mumtsinje wa Amazon, komanso mdera lamapiri la Pantanhal do Rio Negro.
Pali malo atatu odziwika ku South America:
- kukhumudwa kwa Pantanal tectonic ku Brazil, moyandikira kum'mawa kwa Bolivia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Paraguay;
- m'chigawo cha Cerrado chakum'mawa kwa Brazil (Maranhao, Piaui, Bahia, Tocantins, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul ndi Minas Gerais);
- malo otseguka m'mbali mwa mitsinje Tocantins, Xingu, Tapajos ndi Marajo Island ku Amazon kum'mawa kwa Amazon.
Anthu ochepa amapezeka m'mitengo ya kanjedza, nkhalango ndi madera ena otseguka. Hyacinth macaw imapewa nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Ma parrot awa amapezeka m'madambo a savannah, m'nkhalango zowuma zaminga.
Kodi hyacinth macaw amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Hyacinth blue macaw
Zakudya zambiri za kachilombo ka macaw zimachokera ku mtedza wochokera ku mitengo ya kanjedza ya Akuri ndi Bocayuwa. Milomo yolimba imasinthidwa kuti idye maso olimba ndi mbewu. Ma parrot abuluu amatha kuthyola kokonati, nyemba zazikuluzikulu zaku Brazil ndi mtedza wa macadamia.
Zakudya zomwe parrot wamkulu wabuluu amakonda zimadalira mtedza. Zakudya zamasamba a hyacinth zimakhala ndi mtedza waku Brazil, ma cashews, ma almond ndi mtedza. Mbalameyi ili ndi malilime owuma. Amasinthidwa kuti azisenda ndi kuchotsa zipatso.
Ma macaws abuluu amafunitsitsa kutola akuri mtedza. Ngakhale kuti mtedzawu ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo ukakhala watsopano wolimba kwambiri chifukwa cha parrot, mbalame zimazolowera kuyifunafuna mu ndowe za ng'ombe. Mbalame za Savvy zimauluka kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto makamaka kukadya mtedzawu.
Kuphatikiza apo, amadya zipatso, amabzala mbewu. Osadandaula kudya bakuri, mandakara, pinyau, sapukai, peki, inga, cabasinya-do-campo, pitomba, buriti, karguata, white toadicab, guava, guarana ndi zipatso zina. Mu Pantanal, hyacinths amatenga mtedza wa Acrocomia aculeata, Attalea phalerata ndi Acrocomia lasiospatha migwalangwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hyacinth macaw
Hyacinth macaw amapanga awiriawiri. Mabanja amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupeza chakudya ndikusamalira anapiye. Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimauluka kuchoka pachisa kwa makilomita angapo ndipo nthawi zonse zimabwerera.
Parrot wamkulu wabuluu ndi mbalame yochititsa chidwi kwambiri yomwe imalankhulana ndi oimira nyama zina ku South America. Imatulutsa phokoso la nyama zamtchire, amatsanzira nyama zina. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa moyo kumatha kufikira zaka 90.
Ali ndi mluzu wakuthwa. Amadziwa kupukuta, kuimba mluzu ndi kung'ung'udza. Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi huwakinto limatha kunyamulidwa kwa ma kilomita angapo. Umu ndi m'mene mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimachenjeza za ngozi. Pokhala osangalala, amatha kulumikizana ndi amtundu anzawo kwa nthawi yayitali, akuyenda kapena kupeta nthambi za mitengo.
Ali mu ukapolo, amamvera ndikumvetsetsa nyimbo. Amasunthira kumenyero, kuvina ndikupanga mawu akumva nyimbo.
Mbalame ndi zanzeru kwambiri. Ali mu ukapolo, amawonetsa kukonda eni ake. Tsanzirani mawu. Mvetsetsani mawu ndi malamulo. Ma Parrot amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ochita masewera a circus. Zokhudza, kumbukirani kuzunzidwa, kukhumudwitsidwa ndikusowa chidwi, wachisoni komanso wokwiya. Amakonda kupsinjika. Potsutsa kapena pachisoni, atha kubudula nthenga zawo ndikukana kudya.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hyacinth Macaw
Zisa za hyacinth macaw kuyambira nthawi ya Julayi mpaka Disembala. Mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mapanga okonzedwa bwino a mitengo kapena ming'alu ya miyala ngati zisa zawo.
Mwanjira ina, hyacinth macaw imadalira toucan, yomwe imafalitsa mbewu za mtengo wa Manduvi - Sterculia apetala. Ndi yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri kukaikira mazira. Mitengo yake yofewa komanso yodekha ndiyabwino kukulitsa zisa. Tsoka ilo, toucan imathandizanso kudya mazira a huwakinto.
Mbalame zazikulu zazikulu zamtambo zimayamba kukwatirana ali ndi zaka 7. Amuna amasamalira akazi, kuwapatsa zipatso zokoma ndi mtedza, akumalimbana nawo nthenga ndikuwasisita.
Chibwenzi chimatha ndikulumikizana ndikuberekera dzira. Oposa awiriwo mu zowalamulira ndi. Monga mwalamulo, m'modzi yekha mwa anapiye awiri aswedwa ndiamene amatsala. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimaikira mazira pamasiku angapo. Anapiye amaswa chimodzimodzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwana wankhuku wamng'ono sangapikisane ndi wamkulu pomuuza kuti am'patsa chakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri amamwalira chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'thupi.
Makulitsidwewo amakhala pafupifupi masiku 30. Chachimuna chimasamalira chachikazi pamene chimasamira mazira. Pafupifupi miyezi itatu atakhazikika, anapiyewo amachoka pachisa, koma amakhalabe odalira makolo awo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Adani achilengedwe a huakinto macaw
Chithunzi: Hyacinth macaw
Kumtchire, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi adani ambiri. Choyamba, izi ndi zolusa kuchokera ku mbalame. Ziwombankhanga zimafikira malo okhala mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe - Turkey, katarta wamutu wachikaso, chiwombankhanga cha mfumu, osprey, komanso ma cayenne ndi ma kites omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Ma harpies, osprey ndi mitundu yoposa 12 ya mbalame zamphamba sizonyansidwa ndi kudya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe.
Mbalame zina zimasaka mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, ndipo zina sizidana ndi mazira awo. Toucans ndi jays awonedwa akuwononga zisa za parrot. Nthawi zina amphaka amphaka, njoka ndi ma raccoon ambiri amapangira zolimba pa clutch. Nosoha mokangalika akukwera mitengo ndikukwera zisa. Pali nthawi zina pomwe adayamba kumenya nkhondo ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe chifukwa chogona.
Njoka zazikulu zamitengo yayikulu komanso yapakatikati imasakanso osati mazira ndi ana obadwa kumene. Zina mwa njoka zoopsa kwambiri ndi boa constrictor, anaconda, ndi abuluzi. Amphaka a m'nkhalango zakutchire monga ocelot, kambuku wa kambuku wa m'nkhalango ndi mphaka wa udzu sachita manyazi kudya ma parrot.
Komabe, choopsa chachikulu kwa chiphulusocho ndi anthu. Nthenga zokongola ndi milomo yamtengo wapatali zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo kokhala ngati kachilombo kukhala nyama yofunika kwambiri. Nthenga zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zowonjezera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikumbutso ndi zithumwa.
Anapiye aswedwa amachotsedwa zisa zawo kuti akagulitsenso kwa osonkhanitsa ndi malo osungira nyama. Chifukwa chokhala chete komanso chosasinthasintha, Hyacinth macaw ndi mwayi wolandila. Mu ukapolo, parrot wabuluu samabala. Mbalame zazikulu zotchedwa zinkhwe zazikulu ndi zolengedwa zachikondi ndi zokondana. Kutha kwawo kulumikizana ndi kubereka mawu kumakweza kufunika kwawo.
Amwenye amitundu ina ochokera kum'mwera ndi pakati pa Brazil amagwiritsa ntchito nthenga za chiphuphu cha huwakinto popanga zipewa komanso zokongoletsa mayiko.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimawonongeka chifukwa chotaya malo awo okhala. Selvas, nkhalango zam'malo otentha zikutha chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Nkhalango amazidula ndi kuzitentha. Umu ndi m'mene anthu amasungira malo kuti alimepo minda yatsopano komanso pomanga mafakitale.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Parrot hyacinth macaw
Hyacinth macaw ndi nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha malonda amsika wakuda, opha nyama mozemba komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, m'ma 80 okha azaka zapitazo, pafupifupi mbalame zikwi khumi zidachotsedwa kuthengo. Pafupifupi theka amapita kumsika waku Brazil.
Mu 1972, wogulitsa ku Paraguay adalandira ana 300, ndipo mbalame zitatu zokha ndizomwe zidatsala. Kusaka achinyamata kwadzetsa kutha kwa anthu. Anthu akukhudzidwanso ndi kusowa kwa malo okhala. Derali likusintha chifukwa cha kasamalidwe ka kuswana ng'ombe ndi ulimi wamakina, komanso chifukwa chakumanga kwa magetsi opanga magetsi.
Moto wa pachaka wa alimi umawononga malo okhala ndi parrot. Malo obisalira mbalame salinso oyenera kukhala ndi moyo komanso kuberekana. M'malo mwawo munali minda ya ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso ndi fodya. Ma Parrot am'banja la Psittacidae ali pangozi. Mitundu 46 mwa mitundu 145 ikutha.
Pofika koyambirira kwa 21, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zazikulu zazikulu zamtundu wabuluu sikunapitirire anthu 3000. Kuopsa kwa mitunduyi kwakakamiza anthu kuti akhazikitse njira mwachangu zotetezera mbalame zosowa. Kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, anthu awonjezeka kawiri - anthu 6400.
Kuteteza kachilombo macaws
Chithunzi: Hyacinth Macaw Red Book
Maboma akumayiko aku South America omwe ali m'malo okhala ndi hyacinth macaws akutenga njira zingapo zotetezera anthu. Pulogalamu yakhazikitsidwa kuti asunge mitundu yachilengedwe yakutchire, komanso kuti ibereke muukapolo.
Parrot wamkulu wabuluu amatetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Brazil ndi Bolivia. Kugulitsa ndi kutumiza kumayiko ena ndikoletsedwa. Pali njira zingapo zomwe zachitidwa kuti zithandizire kukonzanso chilengedwe. Malinga ndi ntchito ya Hyacinth Macaw, malo osungira mbalame zachilengedwe adapangidwa m'dera la Pantanal Nature Reserve ku Brazil.
Akatswiri okhulupirira mbalame akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zisa zopangira ndi njira zolerera anapiye mwachilengedwe. Izi zimawonjezera chitetezo ndi kupulumuka kwa mbalame zazing'ono m'chilengedwe.
Mabungwe aboma ndi omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe amachita ntchito yophunzitsa pakati pa anthu amderalo. Alimi ndi oweta ziweto ku Pantanal ndi Gerais achenjezedwa za milandu yaupandu wowononga malo okhala ndi kutchera misampha ya mbalame.
Chifukwa cha ntchito ya Hyacinth Macaw, apolisi apadera adakhazikitsidwa ku Bolivia ndi Paraguay kuti athane ndi achiwembu komanso ozembetsa omwe amagulitsa katundu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mbalame mosavomerezeka, ophwanya malamulo amalangidwa ndi zaka ziwiri ndikulipiritsa chindapusa chofanana ndi mtengo wake wonse.
Kuchuluka kwa malo osungira nyama ndi kusonkhanitsa kwaokha kukukulira. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo akuyembekeza kuti ngati zingabwezeretsere bwino malo okhala mbalame ndikuyika zisa zopangira mitengo yazipatso, zitha kuyamba kukhazikitsanso mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe kuchokera ku ukapolo wa nyama zamtchire.
Hyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ndiye wamkulu kwambiri komanso amodzi mwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. M'mbuyomu, kufalikira kwake kudafalikira m'chigawo chapakati cha Brazil mpaka Mato Grosso. Anthu ochepa akupezekabe ku Paraguay ndi Bolivia. Pali zifukwa zikuluzikulu ziwiri zakuchepa mwachangu kwa ma hyacinthine macaws.
Choyambirira, hyacinth macaw amakopa anthu osaka nyama omwe amagulitsa mbalame pamsika wosaloledwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Chachiwiri, kuwonongeka kwa malo akupita patsogolo mofulumira. Vuto lachitatu likubwera posachedwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: Meyi 16, 2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 20:26
