Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) ndi wa banja la ma penguin, dongosolo longa penguin.
Kufalitsa kwa Humboldt Penguin.
Ma Humboldt penguin amapezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri pagombe la Pacific ku Chile ndi Peru. Magawidwe awo amachokera ku Isla Foca kumpoto mpaka kuzilumba za Punihuil kumwera.
Malo okhala Humboldt penguin.
Ma Humboldt penguin amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi yomwe anyani amathera m'madzi zimadalira nyengo yobereketsa. Ma penguin osakhala zisa amasambira maola 60.0 m'madzi asanabwerere kumtunda, maola 163.3 pamaulendowa. Pakukhalira mazira, mbalame sizikhala kwakanthawi m'madzi, pafupifupi maola 22.4, maola 35.3. Monga mitundu ina ya ma penguin, ma Humboldt penguin amapuma, kubereka ndi kudyetsa ana awo pagombe. Gombe la Pacific ku South America nthawi zambiri limakhala lamiyala ndikutulutsa kwakukulu kwa guano. M'malo oterewa Humboldt penguins chisa. Koma nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mapanga m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Humboldt penguin.
Ma Humboldt penguin ndi mbalame zapakatikati, kuyambira 66 mpaka 70 cm m'litali komanso zolemera 4 mpaka 5 kg. Kumbuyo kwake, nthenga zimakhala ndi nthenga zakuda, pachifuwa pali nthenga zoyera. Mutuwu ndi mutu wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera pansi pa maso yomwe imayenda mbali zonse kuzungulira mutu ndikulumikizana pachibwano kuti ipange mphindikati wofanana ndi nsapato.
Chosiyanitsa cha mitunduyi ndi mzere wakuda, wakuda kudutsa pachifuwa, womwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusiyanitsa mitunduyo, ndipo umathandiza kusiyanitsa mitundu iyi ndi ma penguin a Magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus). Mzere wolimba pachifuwa umathandizanso kusiyanitsa mbalame zazikulu kuchokera ku ma penguin achichepere, omwe amakhalanso ndi mdima wakuda.
Kuswana ndi kuswana kwa ma Humboldt penguin.
Ma Humboldt penguin ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Amuna amalondera mosamala malowo ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, amenya mpikisano. Poterepa, wowukira nthawi zambiri amalandira zovulala zazikulu zosagwirizana ndi moyo.
Ma Humboldt penguin amatha kubereka pafupifupi chaka chonse pansi pa nyengo yabwino mdera lomwe amakhala. Kuswana kumachitika kuyambira Marichi mpaka Disembala, ndikukwera mu Epulo ndi Ogasiti-Seputembara. Ma penguin molt asanaswane.
Pakati pa kusungunuka, ma penguin amakhalabe pamtunda ndipo amafa ndi njala kwa milungu iwiri. Amapita kunyanja kukadya, kenako amabwerera kukaswana.
Ma Humboldt penguin amapeza malo okhala ndi zisa zotetezedwa ku kutentha kwa dzuwa komanso nyama zolusa zam'mlengalenga komanso zapadziko lapansi. Penguin nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma guano okutira kunyanja, komwe amakhala. Pobowola mazira, amaikira mazira ndipo amadzimva otetezeka mkati. Dzira limodzi kapena awiri pa clutch. Mazira atayikidwa, yaimuna ndi yaikazi imagawana nawo udindo wopezeka pachisa nthawi yokwanira. Anapiyewo ataswa kale, makolo amakhala ndi udindo wolera anawo. Mbalame zazikulu zimayenera kupereka chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse kuti anawo akhale ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, pali malire pakati pamaulendo ang'onoang'ono kudyetsa anapiye ndi atali oti atumikire. Ma penguin amapanga timadzi tating’ono tating’ono, tating’ono kuti tidyetse anapiye masana. Pambuyo pa kusungunuka, ma penguin achichepere amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo amapita kunyanja mwawokha. Ma Humboldt penguin amakhala zaka 15 mpaka 20.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa Humboldt penguins.
Humboldt Penguins nthawi zambiri amatuluka mu Januware. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti njirayi imayang'aniridwa ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro nthawi yomweyo, munthawi imeneyi, mahomoni ogonana a steroid amakhala ndi otsika kwambiri. Molting ndiyofunikira chifukwa nthenga zatsopano zimatenthetsa bwino ndikutchinga madzi.
Ma penguin amatuluka molt mwachangu kwambiri, mkati mwa milungu iwiri, ndipo pambuyo pake amatha kudya m'madzi.
Ma Humboldt penguin amasamala kwambiri za kupezeka kwa anthu. Kuberekana kumasokonezeka m'malo omwe alendo amapezeka. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale kuthamanga kwa ma Humboldt penguins kudakulirakulira kwambiri ndikupezeka kwa munthu pamtunda wopitilira 150 mita, ndipo zimatenga mphindi 30 kuti abwezeretse kugunda kwamtima kukhala kwachizolowezi.
Ma Humboldt Penguin amakhala m'magawo akulu ndipo ndi mbalame zokomera anthu kupatula nthawi yodyetsa.
Ma Penguin omwe samanga chisa amatha kuwona malo osiyanasiyana ndikusambira kutali ndi njuchi kuti adye osabwerako kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ma penguin omwe amadyetsa anapiye awo nthawi zambiri samayenda usiku kuti akadye ndipo samakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi.
Kuyang'anira satelayiti, komwe kumatsata mayendedwe a anyani a Humboldt, kunapeza mbalame pamtunda wa makilomita 35 kuchokera kumudzi, ndipo anthu ena amasambira mopitilira mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 100.
Maulendowa amakula kwambiri pomwe ma penguin amasiya malo awo obisalira ndikupita kukasaka chakudya, kupita ku 895 km kuchokera pagombe. Zotsatirazi zikutsutsana ndi lingaliro lomwe lidavomerezedwa kale loti Humboldt penguins amakhala pansi kwambiri ndipo amadyera m'malo amodzi chaka chonse.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa pa Humboldt penguins awonetsa kuti mbalamezi zimamveka bwino. Amazindikira anapiye awo ndi fungo, ndipo amapezanso dzenje lawo usiku ndi fungo.
Ma Penguin sangapeze nyama pamalo opanda kuwala. Koma amatha kuwona mofananamo mumlengalenga ndi m'madzi.
Kudyetsa Humboldt penguin.
Humboldt Penguin amakhazikika pa kudyetsa nsomba za pelagic. M'madera akumpoto kwamtunduwu, pafupi ndi Chile, amadyetsa pafupifupi nsomba za garfish zokha, m'chigawo chapakati cha Chile amagwira ma anchovies akulu, sardines ndi squid. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kapangidwe ka zakudya kumatsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe am'malo odyetsera. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Humboldt penguin amatenga hering'i ndi atherina.
Kuteteza kwa Humboldt penguin.
Ma penguin a Humboldt amathandizira pakupanga ma guano, omwe ndi zida zopangira umuna ndipo zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri kuboma la Peru. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma Humboldt penguin adasandulika kwambiri, koma mbalamezi ndizamanyazi ndipo sizimatha kupezeka ndi anthu pafupi. Mu 2010, malamulo adapangidwa kuti achepetse zovuta panthawi yakuswana, koma pokhalitsa zochitika za alendo munthawi zina.
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa anthu a Humboldt penguin ndizosodza komanso kuwonekera kwa anthu. Ma Penguin nthawi zambiri amatanganidwa ndi maukonde ndipo amafa, kuwonjezera apo, kukula kwa nsomba kumachepetsa chakudya. Kukolola guano kumakhudzanso kupambana kwa ma penguin.
