Wamkulu chifuwa m'manja mwa munthu zimawoneka ngati chidole chofewa, chamoyo. Iwo adalembedwanso mu Guinness Book ngati anyani ocheperako kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyani zazing'ono zimakhala ku South America, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso m'nkhalango.
Dzuwa likutuluka, njuchi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo anthu am'banja limodzi, zimayamba moyo wokangalika. Madzulo, aliyense amabwerera kumalo ake ogona usiku kumabowo awo, omwe amadzipangira okha mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Asayansi ya nyama amachita kafukufuku m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake akatswiri ofufuza zamakhalidwe amaphunzira mores, zizolowezi, cholowa komanso machitidwe achibadwa a anthu okhala mndende ndi ukapolo, amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse.
A Primatologists adaphunzira anyani magawo osiyanasiyana pakukula kwawo, adazindikira malo awo pakati pa nyama:
- ndi mtundu wa zovuta, mtundu ndi mitundu yazinyalala;
- banja la ma marmosets;
- gulu la zinyama;
- inflaclass placental;
- anyani;
- suborder mphuno youma;
- infraorder yotakata kwambiri.
Pygmy marmoset ndipo mbewa lemur amapikisana nawo pamutu wa anyani ocheperako ndi magawo. Ali ndi kutalika:
- thupi - 14 cm;
- mchira - 23 cm;
- kulemera - 149 magalamu.
Makulidwe a marmoset wamba amakhala okulirapo pang'ono atayeza - thupi lokhala ndi mutu linali masentimita 26, mchira kutalika kwa 36 cm, ndikulemera kwake - 321 magalamu.
Chigawo chilichonse cha thupi ndi chojambulidwa ndi mitundu yowala:
- pa thupi pali ubweya ndi bulauni mtundu ndi kulocha chikasu;
- mchira uli wolumikizidwa ndi mabwalo amvi;
- nsonga ya mchira ndi pamphumi imadziwika ndi mawanga owala;
- mimba ndi ziwalo ndi lalanje;
- nkhope ya mutu ndi yakuthupi yolowetsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera.
Zolengedwa izi sizimakula agologolo ambiri, pomwe palibe kusiyana pakati pa kugonana. Thupi lonse la nyama limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lofewa; kusasitsa kumadziwika ndi ngayaye m'makutu. Achichepere alibe iwo. Zikhadabo za miyendo zimasungidwa pa thunthu ndi nthambi. Ndi mano opangidwa ndi ma incisors awiri akuthwa, anyaniwo amatsekera m'mitengo, komwe amakhala usiku.
Kumtchire amasochera zigawo zing'onozing'ono. Pamene tiziwalo timene timatulutsa chinsinsi, zimayika malo okhala, gawo losakira. Kwa malire awa akumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi akunja.
M'makangano, ma marmosets amapanga phokoso, amapanga mayendedwe owopseza, nthawi zina amabwera kumenyana. Pochita mantha ndi mdani, amatha kutulutsa maso, kupindika misana, ndikutulutsa ubweya wawo. Nthawi zina amachipeza, ngakhale mdani amabweza nkhonya.
Zamoyo zazing'ono sizinasiyane ndi anyani akuluakulu, mitundu iyi yazinyama ndiyotsogola, yosewera, imatsuka ubweya wake komanso banja lonse. Amapanga mawu osangalatsa - kulira, kutsanzira mbalame.
Mitundu
Kuchuluka kwa anyani am'banja la ma marmosets, chifukwa chobereketsa mwachangu, afalikira. Mitundu 40 idalembetsedwa mwalamulo. Koma akatswiri a zamoyo, oteteza zachilengedwe akuchenjeza, kuwalimbikitsa osaka nyama kuti apulumutse nyama kuchokera ku chiwonongeko. Mtengo wawo wokwera unachita zoyipa. Anyani samangogwidwa m'malo osungira nyama kapena m'malo osungira ana, komanso amasungidwa kunyumba.
Chisamaliro chapadera cha munthu amene wakopeka chifuwa:
- wamba kapena wamakutu oyera;
- wamfupi - iye ndi marmoset;
- mkango.
Mtundu uliwonse umayenera kutetezedwa kwa akatswiri azachilengedwe ndi mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe. Ma marmosets ang'onoang'ono ndiwofulumira, ochezeka, osavuta kuphunzitsa. Chosemphacho ndi chojambulidwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kutsanzira masharubu. Chovala chachitali ndichosangalatsa komanso chofanana.
Nyaniyo imatembenuza mutu wake mbali zonse, ili ndi mano awiri okha ngati ma incis otuluka. Kutalika kwa miyendo yakumbuyo ndikotalikirapo kuposa yakutsogolo, miyendo imakankhira ndikudumphira mmwamba, zikhadabo zimakakamira mwamphamvu ku thunthu lamtengo.
Ana anyani amakhala amphongo yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa amakhala ndi mphuno yolimba yokhala ndi mphuno zopindika. Nthawi zambiri njuchi zimakula mpaka mamembala a 16, pomwe makolo awiriawiri ndiwotsogola, asayansi amatsindika za kusankhana.
Marmoset wamakutu oyera kukula kwake kumafanana ndi gologolo. Nyamayo imasangalala msanga, ikufuula mokweza, ngati itachita mantha, imadzidzimuka mwadzidzidzi pamalo owopsa. Mtima wokangalika umayamba m'mawa kwambiri, dzuwa likamalowa, nkhosa zimabwerera kumalo obisalako. Anthu akulu nawonso ndi am'banja la marmoset. Ndiwo kukongola kwenikweni, chikhalidwe chawo chalandira mphotho:
- tsitsi lalikiliki;
- mchira wautali;
- cholemera cholemera;
- kufotokoza;
- zokongola.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba mikango yamkango adafotokozedwa ndi wamonke woyenda. Anawayerekezera ndi amphaka onga anyani omwe amafanana ndi ana a mkango. Osati molondola, koma molondola, Jesuit adapereka chithunzi chake cha zolengedwa zowala, zazing'ono.
Pachithunzicho ndi mkango marmoset
Chifukwa cha malaya ochulukawo, anyaniwa adalandira dzina lachilendo pamagulu azachilengedwe. Tsitsi lawo lalitali, longa la mfumu ya nyama, limakuta bwino mutu wonse, likulendewera ngakhale masaya. Dera laling'ono lokha pamphuno lathyathyathali silidakulira. Nyama zimalemera magalamu 700, zimakula mpaka masentimita 77, ngati zimayesedwa kuyambira kolona mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Nyani wa Igrunka wokonda kudziwa, chikhalidwe chake chimamupatsa mayendedwe olimba, kucheza ndi ukhondo. Nyama siziwoneka ngati zankhanza. Kokha kusokonekera kwa otsutsa mdera lodziwika kumapangitsa mtsogoleriyo kukhala wowopsa, wakwinyata, ndikupotoza makutu ake. Ndi mchira wokhotakhota ngati chitoliro, umasonyeza kuti ndi wokonzeka kuukira.
Banja lalikulu limalera ana awo mosamalitsa, ndikutsimikizira kuti amaposa ana. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa ana kukhala ovuta, kulumpha, kusewera, koma ndi amanyazi kwambiri. Banja likakhala ndi mantha, kukuwa kwakukulu kumayamba, kuthamangira komweko.
Kum'mwera kwa Amazon, kuchuluka kwa nyama zosowa kwadziwika. Apaulendo amakumana nawo m'mbali mwa mitsinje, m'nkhalango zowirira. Anyamata amakonda kutentha. Ngati thermometer iwonetsa - madigiri 18. Kutentha kovuta, kovuta kupulumuka. Ngakhale madera ena akhazikika ku North Atlantic komanso malo ouma ndi nyengo zosakhazikika. Palibe chisomo ngati nkhalango yobiriwira, yobiriwira yomwe imapatsa ma marmosets.
Nyama nthawi zonse zimayenera kuwunika nthawi yopuma. Zinyama zazing'ono zimakhala mumitengo nthawi zonse, koma zimaopa kukwera pamwamba. Kumeneko mutha kukhala ngati mbalame yolusa. Pansi pa miyoyo yawo akuwopsezedwa ndi amphaka amtchire, mphiri.
Njuchi zimadutsa gawo lonselo kufunafuna chakudya, kutsamira ndikunyamuka ndi mapazi ake onse, kulumpha mitengo, kumamatira ku nthambi. Mu mitengo ikuluikulu, dzenje limatulutsidwa ndi zotsekemera, timadziti timatulutsidwa, timatabwa timatulutsidwa. Izi zimatenga nthawi yambiri, komanso zimatsalira kuti mupumule, kutsuka ubweya, kuthana ndi tizilombo.
Banja la marmoset lili ndi magawidwe omveka bwino azolowera. Abambo amalamulira amuna, amayi amalamula akazi. Kugawidwa kosangalatsa kwa maudindo. Mwana wakhanda amawoneka ndipo mamembala onse achikulire amathandiza mkaziyo pakubereka. Amanyamula ana kumbuyo kwawo pamene mayi akulimbikitsidwa, ndipo nthawi ikafika amawabweza kwa kholo.
Chikhalidwe cha anthuwa ndi chamtendere, ndewu komanso mikangano imayamba mwapadera. Amakangana pakakhala koyenera kukulitsa gawo la munthu aliyense, malo omwe amadziwika kuti akusowa chakudya.
Poganizira momwe zingakhalire marmoset pachithunzichi kuyika, mutha kuwona luso lazaluso. Ndipo ngakhale ali ang'onoang'ono, ali ndi chibadwa kuti chilengedwe chinapatsa anyani onse - chidwi, chidwi cha zinthu zabwino. Anyani amalumikizana ndimayendedwe amakono, nkhope. Chizindikiro cha zoopsa ndi mawu, kukalipira Akabwerera kudzenje usiku, amapinda bwinobwino kumeneko, atabisala mchira wawo.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zazilombo zazing'ono sizosiyana kwambiri. Amayamwa chilichonse kuti akhutiritse thupi ndi michere komanso mavitamini ofunikira. Mu amadyera, timadziti, utomoni, pali calcium yokwanira yolimbitsa mafupa.
Mavitamini amachokera ku zakudya zazomera:
- lalabala;
- mbewu;
- mbewu zazu;
- inflorescence;
- mankhwala;
- mycelium.
Mapuloteni ndi mafuta amabwera kudzera:
- ziwala;
- mphutsi;
- osati abuluzi akulu;
- achule;
- mazira.
Kuti mupeze zakudya zakutchire, muyenera kumenya nkhondo nthawi zonse kuti mupite patsogolo:
- mbalame;
- mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe;
- zanyumba;
- zotheka.
Kuthengo, ma marmosets amadya chilichonse chomwe chimakopa iwo, zomwe adazolowera ndikutha kupeza. Liti marmoset ngati chiweto Zomwe zilipo, kusamalira chakudyacho ndi udindo wa woweta. Mutha kumaliza thumba la chakudya m'njira zosiyanasiyana, bola ngati ndikudya komanso thanzi. Menyu yayikulu ili ndi:
- zipatso;
- masamba;
- tizilombo;
- Nkhono.
Tinyama tating'onoting'ono timazolowera mwiniwake, anthu omwe amawasamalira. Osataya nkhuku, mazira owiritsa, kanyumba tchizi, mkaka, utakula tirigu.
Chithandizo chapadera cha ma marmosets ndimitengo yobirira ya mitengo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
M'kalasi la zinyama zochokera kubanja la marmoset, palibe zoletsa zomveka pakanthawi kokwanira ndi kuswana. Mkazi amatha kupita kukamenyana ndi kubereka m'nyengo iliyonse. Koma ndi mayi yekhayo, yemwe adachokera kubanja, olumikizana m'gulu, ali ndi ufulu wopitiliza banja lake.
Khalidwe ili ndilopatula pamalamulo, osati pafupipafupi, pomwe nyama zimatha kukonza moyo wawo mothandizana. Banja lonse limabweretsa ndikusamalira ana.
Zazimayi zimatha kukhala ndi amuna okhaokha ndikuyenda ndi amuna angapo. Kusankha mnzawo ndi kwawo atakula msinkhu ndi kubereka ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Banja lachinyamata likapangidwa, amasiyanitsidwa ndi makolo awo.
Kholo limabala mwana masiku 150. Amapasa kapena atatu amabadwa nthawi yomweyo, pomwe aliyense amalemera magalamu 15. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pali kugawa maudindo. Mwana wakhanda amasamaliridwa ndi mkazi.
Atakwanitsa miyezi iwiri, bambowo amalowa maphunziro. Amavala mwana, kuyeretsa ndipo pokhapokha atamva njala amabwerera kwa kholo. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, ng'ombe imakhala yodzikwanira kwathunthu. Munthawi imeneyi, makolo ake amuphunzitsa momwe angapezere chakudya, azisamala moyenera, kutsatira malamulo ndi zofunikira kumudzi, ndikumvera akulu.
Anyani amtunduwu amakhala kuthengo kwazaka zoposa 11. Amasungidwa m'khola kunyumba kwa zaka 15 chifukwa cha chisamaliro choyenera, mayeso a ziweto, katemera omwe amatalikitsa moyo.
Zolemba kunyumba
Chanzeru komanso choseketsa, kanyama kameneka amakopa obereketsa. Anyani amakhala ziweto pamodzi ndi amphaka, agalu, hamsters ndi zinkhwe. Mtengo wa Marmoset zimatha kuyambira 50 mpaka 90,000 ruble. Woweta akuyenera kuganiza kuti ichi si chidole, koma cholengedwa chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, chofunikira chidwi, kudyetsa, ukhondo, ndi njira zothanirana ndi matenda.
Ngati mwiniwakeyo apanga chisamaliro choyenera, mwanayo amabweretsa nthawi zambiri zosangalatsa kwa ana ndi akulu. Sakhala wopanda pake, usiku amagona limodzi ndi anthu. Koma uyenera kugula nyumba yapadera, apo ayi nyani ayamba kulemba gawo lake. Chikhumbo chochepetsera dera lanu sichitha, chimakhala mpaka kalekale. Kuthengo, gulu limodzi limakhala ndi mahekitala onse nkhalango.
Pangodya ya nyumbayo imatha kubweretsedwera kufupi ndi madera, kumanga mtunda wa mita imodzi ndi theka ndikufanana mofanana m'lifupi ndi kutalika. Mkati, bokosilo liyenera kukhala ndi zida zosunthira, nthambi, makwerero, pangani nkhalango, malo omwe mungathamange, kudumpha, kutentha. Vuto ndiloti chinyama sichilola kukhala chokha, ndipo anthu olemera okha ndi omwe amatha kugula awiriawiri.
Mutasamukira kumalo ena, marmoset imayamba kupsinjika, zimatenga masiku angapo kuti muzolowere eni ake atsopano komanso ogona nawo. Poyamba, amfupi amawopa mayendedwe aliwonse anyumba. Nthawi imeneyi sikukhalitsa. M'masiku angapo adzawona mwachidwi machitidwe a anthu owazungulira, ayamba kudya ndi chilakolako, azolowera ngodya zamchipindacho, zinthu.
Mwiniwake akuyenera kuyesedwa ndi veterinarian ndi kusunga ziweto zonse zaukhondo. Alibe fungo losasangalatsa, koma ndikofunikira kusintha nthaka mu khola pafupipafupi, kukonza kuyeretsa pamwezi.
Zomwe simuyenera kuchita poyamba:
- kukangana;
- pangani phokoso;
- kupanga kusuntha, kusuntha modzidzimutsa;
- kuyatsa olandila ndi voliyumu yonse;
- kugwira;
- kondwerani mwamphamvu, finyani;
- kulankhulana, kunyamula kuledzera;
- kuyiwala za ukhondo.
Ngati amalankhula ndi nyama, pang'ono ndi pang'ono amazolowera kulankhula kwa anthu, amayamba kumvetsetsa, kusaka choti achite, kufufuza mosamalitsa zomwe zasinthidwa. Pomwe chiweto chizolowere, chimayamba kumwa kuchokera m'manja mwake, kudalira anthu oyandikana nawo, ndiye kuti mutha kusewera nawo, kuwaphwanya.
Simungathe kudyetsa chakudya chowonongeka, chakudya chimaperekedwa mwatsopano. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo chimanga, masamba odulidwa bwino ndi zipatso. Simuyenera kupereka shuga, maswiti. Ndi bwino kugula malo ogulitsira m'masitolo apadera. Pambuyo pake, lembani menyu, yomwe imaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zofunika pamoyo. Borscht ndi supu ziyenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, zakudya zimaphunzitsidwa kuyambira masiku oyamba.
Kuthengo, zolengedwa zazing'ono ndizosaka. Woweta ayenera:
- bweretsani ziwala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana;
- sankhani zovala zapamwamba kuchokera kuzinthu zolimba;
- perekani madzi oyeretsa ku chlorine.
- Sambani mbale zitatha kuipitsidwa.
Kusunga nyama yachilendo mnyumba ndi zochitika zingapo:
- Amayamba ndikupanga terrarium yapadera ndi zida ndi zoseweretsa. Zomwe zimangotopa msanga ndikuyenera kusintha zina ndi zina zatsopano. Simungalole kuti nyani aziyenda mozungulira nyumbayo. Kuopsa sikungokhala kwa anthu okha, komanso kwa iye. Adzalumphira pazenera, kudziluma ndi mawaya, zinthu zamatabwa, mipando.
- Asanabweretse cholengedwa chachilendo, amawonetsedwa kwa veterinarian. Adzapereka upangiri pa katemera, upangiri ngati atadwala, akuwonetsa zizindikilo za matenda.
- Nyumbayi iyenera kukhala yotentha, kutentha kwanyumba konse kudzachita. Zipinda zili ndi mpweya wokwanira, koma zotetezedwa kuzinyontho.
- Ana anyani sangakhale osungulumwa, ngati palibe awiriawiri, eni ake ayenera kulumikizana, kuyankhula. Kupanda kutero, amakwiya, kulakalaka, kuwonetsa momwe akumvera.
- Musanagule, funsani wogulitsa momwe chiweto chidawonekera. Anabadwa kunyumba kapena anabadwira kunyumba yovuta. Ndizovuta kuphunzitsa omwe abweretsa kuchokera kuufulu kupita ku khola, chakudya chatsopano.
Ma marosets amalumikizana mwachangu ndi anthu. Amasankha "mbuye" wawo, atatanthauzira wamkuluyo m'njira yawo. Nyengo yokwatirana ikayamba, amatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe. Pakadali pano, mufunika thandizo la veterinarian. Adzapereka mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukwiya kwakanthawi.
Sikoyenera kuyenda panja, zolengedwa zazing'ono zimawopa chilichonse. Kuchulukana kwa anthu kumabweretsa kupsinjika kotero kuti dongosolo lamanjenje silingapirire, nyani amadwala. Nthawi yakusintha ikadutsa, marmoset amakhala okongola, ochezeka ndi mwininyumbayo, kumamuyesa ngati wachibale wake.
Musanaganize zoyambitsa marmoset, muyenera kuganizira mozama, osangowerengera ndalama pazogula zokwera mtengo, komanso kuthekera kwanu kusamalira, nthawi ndi ndalama zaulere. Yesetsani kubweretsa ngodya yolekanitsidwa mnyumbayo pafupi ndi chilengedwe, kuti mukhale osamala komanso omvetsera, monga ana.
