Zinyama za Red Data Book: Amur tiger
Nyalugwe wa Amur - nthumwi yosowa kwambiri ya nyama. Kalelo pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, chiŵerengero chawo chinali chachikulu, koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino, pafupifupi anthu 100 anaphedwa chaka chilichonse.
Chifukwa cha izi, pafupifupi zaka za m'ma 30 za m'ma 1900, nyalugwe wa Amur anali pafupi kutheratu padziko lapansi. Panthawi imeneyo, ku United States kunali akambuku osachepera 50.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikuluzikulu za izi:
- Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango ndi zitsamba zomwe Amur ankakhala;
- Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zazikulu;
- Kuwononga mwachindunji anthu ndi ozembetsa nyama.
Chimodzi mwazilombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - Nyalugwe wa Amur. Buku Lofiira wakhala akuteteza anthu amtunduwu kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, mu Epulo 2007, malinga ndi akatswiri a World Wildlife Fund, akambuku a Amur adafikiranso zaka zana zapitazo. Pankhaniyi, pakadali pano nyalugwe sali pafupi kutha.
Mu 2008 - 2009, ulendo wovuta unachitika mkati mwa pulogalamu ya Amur Tiger, chifukwa chake zidatsimikizika kuti oyimira 6 amtunduwu akhoza kuwerengedwa m'dera la Ussuriysky Reserve. Zinapezeka kuti nyamakazi ya amur imagwiritsa ntchito malo okhala, lomwe limapitilira kawiri dera lonselo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti akambuku amapitanso kunja kwa malo otetezedwa, komwe angayembekezere ngozi zowonjezereka. Poganizira izi, funso lidayamba pakupanga malo otetezedwa kunja kwa gawo lachitetezo chokha.
Kufotokozera kwa nyalugwe wa Amur
Kalasi ya tiger ya Amur - nyama. Ndi m'modzi mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira 300 kg. Ndipo malinga ndi magwero ena, anthu olemera mpaka 390 kg adadziwika, koma lero ndizovuta kukumana ndi nthumwi zazikuluzikulu za akambuku a Amur. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 1.6 - 2.9 m, ndikutalika mchira ndi 1.1 m.
Nyama izi ndizodzikongoletsa ku taiga yaku Far East, komanso zinthu zopembedzedwa ndi anthu ambiri. Nyalugwe wa Amur amawonetsedwa pa mbendera ndi malaya amu Primorsky Territory komanso pazizindikiro zina zamizinda ndi zigawo zambiri za dera lino.
Nyama ili ndi mawonekedwe akulu kwambiri: imatha kunyamula nyama yakufa yayikulu yolemera theka la tani. Kuthamanga kwake kumafika 80 km / h, chachiwiri kupatula ma cheetah pachizindikiro ichi.
Akambuku a Amur ali ndi khungu lokongola, longa kanyama kalikonse: pali mikwingwirima yakuda kumbuyo ndi mbali yakumbuyo kofiira. Pali malingaliro kuti ndizosatheka kukumana ndi anthu osachepera awiri omwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo, chifukwa onse ndi osiyana. Mtundu uwu, ngakhale uli wowala, umagwira ntchito yobisa.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, nyalugwe alibe mphamvu. Kuti agwire nyama, amayenera kuyandikira pafupi momwe angathere, momwe utoto umathandizira, womwe umaphatikizana ndi udzu wouma.
Onani chithunzi cha nyalugwe wa Amur, ndipo udzadzionera wekha. Pafupifupi akambuku amenewa amakhala zaka pafupifupi 15. Ngakhale kutalika kwa moyo kumakhala theka la zana, akambuku, monga lamulo, amamwalira asanakalambe.
Nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zimangodya chakudya cha nyama zokha, makamaka nyama zazikulu. Amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yayikulu kusaka, koma zoyesayesa khumi zokha kuti agwire nyama zimapambana.
Gwape wofiira, nguluwe zakutchire, komanso mphalapala ya sika ndi zomwe zimadya nyama. Kukhalapo kwathunthu kwa munthu pachaka, amafunikira maulalo opitilira 50.
Ndikusowa kwa chizindikirochi, olusa amatha kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono (mbira, agalu, ziweto, ndi zina zambiri) Nyalugwe amatha kudya makilogalamu 30 a nyama kamodzi, ndipo chizolowezi chake cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimakhala pafupifupi 10 kg.
Monga anyani ambiri, nyalugwe a Amur amasankha kukhala payekha. Pakukhalapo kwake, munthu amasankha dera lina lake, kupitirira pomwe amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Nyalugwe amasiya zilembo zapadera mdera lake:
- Kutulutsa mkodzo pamiyala kapena pamitengo;
- Zolemba paminda;
- Mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo, nyalugwe amang'amba makungwa amtengo.
Mwamuna wamkulu amateteza tsamba lake kwa alendo osayembekezereka, ndipo amatha kukonza zinthu ndi anthu ena pogwiritsa ntchito mkokomo. Amuna samalowa nawo nkhondoyi. Komabe, ambiri, nyama zachetezi zimatha kukhala chete kwa zaka zingapo.
Ziweto zimaswana pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Amuna ndi nyama zamitala zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi akazi angapo mdera lawo nthawi imodzi. Ndipo ngati pali mpikisano ndi amuna ena, amatha kuchita nawo nkhondo ndi otsutsana nawo.
Malo okhala nyalugwe wa Amur
Nkhani yotchuka kwambiri masiku ano - Nyalugwe wa Amur. Malipoti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mutu wofotokozera malo okhala nyama zolusa.
Nyama zimakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia, m'mbali mwa Amur ndi Ussuri, ku Manchuria, kumpoto kwa DPRK. Amapezeka ku Primorsky Territory komanso kum'mawa kwa Khabarovsk Territory. Mtundu wawo kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera ndi pafupifupi makilomita chikwi, komanso kuchokera kumadzulo mpaka kummawa - pafupifupi 700 km. Akambuku amapezeka kwambiri mdera la Lazovsky m'chigawo cha Primorsky.
Akambuku a Amur amasankha zigwa zam'mapiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitengo monga thundu ndi mkungudza ngati malo okhala. Munthu aliyense wamkulu amakhala payokha payokha, yomwe imatha kukhala mpaka ma 450 kilomita azimayi mpaka 2 kilomita lalikulu amuna.
