Kalulu wokwera ku Japan ndi kalulu wamitengo (Pentalagus furnessi) kapena kalulu wa amami. Ndilo Pentalagus yakale kwambiri yomwe ilipo, ndi makolo ake kumapeto kwa ayezi zaka 30,000 mpaka 18,000 zapitazo.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa kalulu wokwera ku Japan
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan amakhala ndi thupi lokwanira masentimita 45.1 mwa amuna ndi 45.2 cm mwa akazi. Kutalika kwa mchira kumakhala pakati pa 2.0 mpaka 3.5 cm mwa amuna ndipo kuyambira masentimita 2.5 mpaka 3.3. Kukula kwazimayi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo. Kulemera kwapakati kumayambira 2.1 kg mpaka 2.9 kg.
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan waphimbidwa ndi ubweya wandiweyani wakuda kapena ubweya wakuda. Makutu ndi amfupi - 45 mm, maso ndi ochepa, zikhadabo zazikulu, mpaka 20 mm kutalika. Njira yopangira mano yamtunduwu ndi 2/1 incisors, 0/0 canines, 3/2 premolars ndi 3/3 molars, mano 28 onse. The foramen magnum imawoneka ngati yaying'ono, yopingasa, pomwe imakhala yaying'ono kapena yopingasa.
Kufalikira kwa kalulu wokwera ku Japan
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan amafalikira kudera laling'ono la 335 km2 ndipo amapanga anthu 4 ogawanika m'malo awiri:
- Amami Oshima (712 km2 malo onse);
- Tokuno-Shima (248 km2), ku Kagoshima Prefecture, kuzilumba za Nansei.
Mitunduyi akuti imagawidwa pachilumba cha Amami ndi malo a 301.4 km2 ndi 33 km2 ku Tokuno. Dera lazilumba zonsezi ndi 960 km2, koma ochepera theka la malowa amapereka malo abwino.
Malo okhala akalulu okwera ku Japan
Ma Hare okwera ku Japan poyamba ankakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, pomwe kunalibe kugwetsa kulikonse. Nkhalango zakale zidachepetsa malo awo ndi 70-90% mu 1980 chifukwa chodula mitengo. Nyama zosawerengeka tsopano zimakhala m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa cycad, m'malo okhala ndi mapiri okhala ndi nkhalango za thundu, nkhalango zobiriwira zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso m'malo odulidwa omwe udzu wosatha umakhalapo. Nyamazo zimapanga magulu anayi osiyana, atatu mwawo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Amadziwika pakukwera kuchokera kunyanja mpaka 694 mita ku Amami ndi 645 mita ku Tokuna.
Ku Japan kukwera kalulu kudyetsa
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan amadyetsa mitundu 12 yazomera zouma ndi mitundu 17 yazitsamba. Amagwiritsa ntchito ferns, acorns, mphukira ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazomera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi coprophage ndipo imadya nyansi zochokera m'zimbudzi, momwe fiber yolumikizira mbewu imakhala yofewa komanso yopanda ulusi.
Kuswana kalulu wokwera ku Japan
Anthu okwera ku Japan amakwera m'mabowo mobisa, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira. Kutalika kwa bere sikudziwika, koma kuweruza ndi kubereka kwa mitundu yofanana, ndi pafupifupi masiku 39. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana awiri chaka chilichonse mu Marichi - Meyi ndi Seputembara - Disembala. Mwana m'modzi yekha ndi amene amabadwa, amakhala ndi thupi lokwana masentimita 15.0 ndi mchira - 0,5 cm ndipo amalemera magalamu 100. Kutalika kwa miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yakumbuyo ndi 1.5 cm ndi 3.0 cm, motsatana. Mahatchi okwera ku Japan ali ndi zisa ziwiri zosiyana:
- imodzi yochita tsiku ndi tsiku,
- lachiwiri ndi lotsatira.
Akazi amakumba maenje pafupi sabata limodzi mwana wa ng'ombe asanabadwe. Burrow ili ndi m'mimba mwake mwa masentimita 30 ndipo imakhala ndi masamba. Nthawi zina yaikazi imasiya chisa tsiku lonse, pomwe imabisala polowera ndi nthaka, masamba ndi nthambi. Atabwerera, amapereka chizindikiro chachifupi, ndikudziwitsa mwana wake kubwerera ku "dzenje". Akazi okwera okwera ku Japan ali ndi ma gland atatu, koma sizikudziwika kuti amadyetsa ana awo nthawi yayitali bwanji. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu kapena inayi, ana ang'onoang'ono amasiya maenje awo.
Makhalidwe a kalulu wokwera ku Japan
Anthu okwera ku Japan akukwera usiku, amakhala m'malo awo masana, ndikudya usiku, nthawi zina amasuntha mita 200 kuchokera kubowola. Usiku, nthawi zambiri amayenda m'misewu ya m'nkhalango kufunafuna zomera zodyedwa. Nyama zimatha kusambira. Pokhala, mwamuna m'modzi amafunikira gawo la mahekitala 1.3, ndipo wamkazi amafunika mahekitala 1.0. Madera amuna amapezeka, koma madera azimayi samakumana.
Mahatchi okwera ku Japan amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndi mawu amvekedwe kapena kugunda miyendo yawo yakumbuyo pansi.
Nyama zimapereka chizindikiritso choti chilombo chimawonekera chapafupi, ndipo chachikazi chimadziwitsa anawo motere za kubwerera ku chisa. Liwu la kalulu wokwera ku Japan ndilofanana ndi phokoso la pika.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha akalulu okwera ku Japan
Kukwera hares ku Japan kuli pachiwopsezo cha mitundu yowononga yachilengedwe komanso kuwononga malo.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mongooses, komwe kumaberekana mwachangu kwambiri pakalibe zilombo zazikulu, komanso amphaka ndi agalu azinyama pazilumba zonse zomwe zimadya nyama zakukwera zaku Japan.
Kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala, monga kudula mitengo, kuchepa kwa nkhalango zakale ndi 10-30% yamalo omwe amakhala kale, kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwa Japan. Ntchito yomanga malo opangira malo (monga gofu) pachilumba cha Amami yadzetsa nkhawa chifukwa ikuwopseza malo okhala mitundu yosawerengeka.
Njira zotetezera kalulu wokwera ku Japan
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan amafunikira njira zapadera zodzitetezera chifukwa chakuchepa kwamtundu wachilengedwe; kusamalira malo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa nyama yosowa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa kumanga misewu yamatchire ndikuchepetsa kudula kwa nkhalango zakale.
Zothandizidwa ndi boma zimathandizira kumanga misewu mdera lamapiri, koma zochitika ngati izi sizothandiza kuteteza kalulu wokwera ku Japan. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo makumi asanu ndi anayi pa 100 aliwonse am'nkhalango zakale amakhala achinsinsi kapena am'deralo, 10% yotsalayo ndi ya boma ladziko, kotero chitetezo cha mitundu yosowa imeneyi sichingatheke m'malo onse.
Mkhalidwe wosungira kalulu wokwera ku Japan
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan ali pangozi. Mitunduyi imalembedwa pa IUCN Red List, popeza nyama yosowa imangokhala malo amodzi - pachilumba cha Nancey. Pentalagus furnessi alibe udindo wapadera pamsonkhano wa International Trade in Endangered Species (mndandanda wa CITES).
Kalulu wokwera ku Japan mu 1963 adakhala ngati chipilala chapadera ku Japan, chifukwa chake kuwombera ndi kutchera sikuloledwa.
Komabe, malo ake ambiri adakalibe chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwa ogulitsa mapepala. Mwa kubzala nkhalango m'malo osokonekera, kupsinjika kwa zinyama zosawerengeka kumatha.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchokera kuchimbudzi chokha, kuyambira 2,000 mpaka 4,800 pachilumba cha Amami ndi 120 mpaka 300 pachilumba cha Tokuno. Pulogalamu yoteteza kukwera kwa kalulu ku Japan idapangidwa mu 1999. Kuyambira 2005, Unduna wa Zachilengedwe udachita kuthetseratu ziphuphu kuti ziteteze hares zosowa.
