Wodya wakuda wofiira wakuda (Circaetus pectoralis) ndi wa dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja zakudya njoka yamfuwa yakuda
Wodya njoka ya chifuwa chakuda ndi mbalame yodya pafupifupi masentimita 71 kukula kwake ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 160 mpaka 185. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 1178 - 2260.
Wodya njoka wamabokosi akuda akuda pachifuwa chakuda nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi nyama ina yamphongo, Polemaetus abdimii, yemwenso ali ndi mutu wakuda, mchira komanso mbali zotsika zoyera za thupi. Nthenga za Chiwombankhanga Chamtundu Wakuda zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zoyera zoyera kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo underwings. Nthenga za mchira zili ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopapatiza. Mbalame zodyerazi zili ndi chibwano ndi pakhosi pomwe nthenga zimasanduka zoyera m'malo amenewa. Thupi lakumtunda ndi lakuda, lowala kwambiri kuposa mutu ndi chifuwa. Mlomo wolumikizidwawo ndi waimvi yakuda. Sera ndi imvi, ngati mapazi ndi zikhadabo. Iris wa diso ndi wachikaso, wowala pang'ono. Mtundu wa nthenga zamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndizofanana.
Omwe amadya njoka za mabere akuda akuda amafanana ndi mbalame zazikulu mumtundu wa nthenga, koma nthenga zawo ndizofiirira.
Pansi pake palinso mopepuka, zovundikira pansi zimakhala zofiirira. Mutu ndi wopepuka, wofiira-bulauni ndi korona womwe uli ndi mizere yoyera yakuda bulauni ndi imvi kumbuyo kwa mipata yamakutu. Mbali zake zimakhala zoyera, zokhala ndi mawanga akulu abulawuni kumtunda kwa bere, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri yofiirira m'mbali ndi nthenga zouluka.
Kukhazikika kwa chiwombankhanga chakuda
Omwe amadya njoka zakuda pachifuwa amakhala m'malo otseguka, nkhalango za savanna, madera okutidwa ndi tchire laling'ono, komanso m'malo am'chipululu. Mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama umapewa madera akumapiri komanso nkhalango zowirira. Ku South Africa, m'malo onse omwe amakhala, odya njuchi okhala ndi mabere akuda akuda amakonda madera omwe ali ndi Brachystegia, momwe mumakhala mbozi zambiri. Kwenikweni, omwe amadya njoka zamtundu wakuda mofunitsitsa amapeza malo aliwonse okhala nkhalango momwe mungasakire ndi kusaka.
Kufalitsa njoka yamfuwa yakuda
Wodya njoka yamabele akuda akupezeka ku Africa. Gawo lake logawidwa limayambira ku East Africa, Ethiopia ndipo limafikira ku Natal, kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Angola ndi Cape of Good Hope. Mulinso Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia.
Makhalidwe amakhalidwe a chiwombankhanga chakuda
Omwe amadya njoka zamtundu wakuda, nthawi zambiri amakhala okha, koma nthawi zina amakonza zolumikizana, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa anthu 40 kunja kwa nyengo yoswana. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zamitunduyi zimapezeka limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya circaètes brown (Circaetus cinereus) papilala limodzi kapena pa pylon.
Ku Ethiopia, anthu omwe amadya njoka za m'mawere nthawi zonse amakhala okha. Amatha kuwoneka nthawi zonse, choncho pamalo otchuka m'mbali mwa mseu kapena pamitengo. Muthanso kuwona mbalame zikuuluka mlengalenga zikufunafuna chakudya. Omwe amadya njoka zamtundu wakuda amasaka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amangobisalira panthambi, pang'ono pang'ono, kapena zimauluka pamalo otsika kwambiri, ndikusambira pansi kuti agwire nyama. Amayandikiranso, ngakhale njirayi yosaka ndi yachilendo kwa nyama yolusa yamphongo ya msinkhu uwu.
Omwe amadya njoka zamtundu wakuda amayenda pang'ono.
Ku Transvaal, mbalamezi zimangopezeka m'nyengo yozizira yokha. Ku Zimbabwe, amakhala ndi usiku umodzi m'nyengo yadzuwa. Mitundu ya mbalameyi siimaphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi malo okhala kwamuyaya. Amakhala m'malo ena kwa chaka chimodzi ndipo samabwerako nyengo ikubwerayi.
Kubalana kwa chiwombankhanga chakuda
Omwe amadya njoka zamtundu wakuda ndi mbalame zokhazokha komanso malo amodzi. Nthawi zoberekera zimatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe dera limakhalira. Ku South Africa, kuswana kumachitika pafupifupi miyezi yonse ya chaka, koma kumakhala kovuta nthawi yadzuwa, ndiye kuti, kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Novembala. M'madera ena ku South Africa, nthawi yogona imakhala kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, pomwe m'malo ena imayamba mu Marichi ndipo imatha mpaka Okutobala, ndipamwamba kwambiri mu Juni-Seputembala ku Zimbabwe ndi Seputembara-Okutobala ku Namibia. Ku Zambia, nyengo yoswana ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imayamba kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Seputembara. Pa zisa 38 zomwe zidapezeka, 23 (60%) anali akugwira kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Ku Zimbabwe, kuikira dzira kumachitika mu Juni-Seputembara. Komabe, kumpoto kwa Somalia, chisa chomwe chimayikira mazira chinapezeka ngakhale mu Disembala.
Mbalame zonsezi zimamanga chisa, chomwe chimawoneka ngati msuzi waukulu wa nthambi zowuma, zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Chisa chimabisika mkati mwa korona wa mthethe, milkweed, mistletoe, kapena wokutidwa ndi gulu la gui kapena gulu la epiphytic. Itha kukhalanso pamtengo kapena positi. Odya njoka zamtundu wakuda samagwiritsa ntchito chisa kangapo. Nthawi zonse yaikazi imaikira dzira limodzi loyera komanso lopanda mawanga, lomwe limaswana masiku pafupifupi 51-52. Yaimuna imabweretsa chakudya chachikazi kenako nkudyetsa anapiye.
Kusamalira kwambiri anapiye kumachitika masiku 25 oyamba.
Pambuyo pake, mbalame zazikulu zimapita pachisa nthawi yayitali kuti zikangodyetsa anawo. Omwe amadya njoka akuda pachifuwa chakuda pamapeto pake amasiya chisa ali ndi masiku pafupifupi 89-90, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala odziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makolo awo pafupifupi miyezi 18 atathawa.
Njoka yamabere akuda imadya chakudya
Zakudya za omwe amadya njoka za chifuwa chakuda makamaka zimakhala, monga ma circaète ena onse, njoka ndi abuluzi. Koma mtundu uwu wa mbalame zodya nyama umadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuposa mitundu ina yofanana. Amadyanso nyama zazing'ono, makamaka makoswe, komanso amphibians ndi arthropods. Nthawi zina amasaka ngakhale mileme ndi mbalame.
Imasaka njoka zikamauluka m'mwamba kapena kuuluka pamwamba; akangodziwa china chake, izi zimachitika magawo angapo, mpaka pamapeto pake adatsitsa mapazi ake pa nyamayo, ndikuphwanya chigaza chake. Ngati yagunda njokayo mosalongosoka, imatha kulimbana nayo, ikudziphatika ndi mbalameyo, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa ya njokayo komanso chilombo.
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi:
- njoka;
- zokwawa;
- makoswe;
- mbalame.
Komanso Anthropods ndi chiswe zimatha kutengera.
Kuteteza kwa wakudya njoka za m'mawere akuda
Wodya njoka ya chifuwa chakuda ali ndi malo okhala ochuluka kwambiri. Kugawidwa kwake konsekonse kumakhala kosafanana, ndipo anthu onse sakudziwika, koma kutsikako sikukufulumira kokwanira kudetsa nkhawa, chifukwa chake zomwe zimawopseza mitunduyo ndizochepa. Komabe, madera ena, alimi ndi abusa amasokoneza nyama yodya njoka yakuda ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimawononga zoweta, amaziwombera ngati nyama ina iliyonse yamphongo.
