Apteronotus albifrons (lat. Apteronotus albifrons), kapena momwe amatchulidwira nthawi zambiri - mpeni wakuda, ndi imodzi mwasamba zachilendo kwambiri zam'madzi zomwe amateurs amasunga m'madzi.
Amamukonda chifukwa ndi wokongola, wosangalatsa m'makhalidwe komanso osazolowereka. Kunyumba, m'nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon, mafuko am'deralo amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya makolo imalowa m'nyanjayi atamwalira, motero imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopatulika.
Ngakhale atha kukula kwambiri, mwa dongosolo la masentimita 40, amakhalabe achisomo kwambiri.
Manyazi mwachilengedwe, apteronotus amasintha pakapita nthawi ndikuyamba kuchita molimba mtima, mpaka momwe amadyera ndi manja awo.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Apteronotus albifrons adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1766. Amakhala ku South America, Amazon ndi mitsinje yake. Dzinalo la sayansi ndi white-laimu aperonotus, koma nthawi zambiri limatchedwa mpeni wakuda. Dzinalo limachokera ku Chingerezi - Black Ghost Knifefish.
Mwachilengedwe, imakhala m'malo opanda madzi ofooka komanso okhala ndi mchenga, osamukira kunkhalango za mangrove nthawi yamvula.
Monga nsomba zambiri zamtundu wake, imakonda malo okhala ndi zipinda zambiri. Ku Amazon, malo omwe Apteronotus amakhala amakhala opanda kuwala komanso samatha kuwona bwino.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kufooka kwa masomphenya, mandimu yoyera amatulutsa magetsi ofooka mozungulira, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amazindikira kuyenda ndi zinthu. Mundawo umathandizira kusaka ndi kuyenda, koma kuwonjezera apo, mothandizidwa ndi magetsi, ma ateronotus amalumikizana ndi mtundu wawo.
Mipeni yakuda ndi nyama zolanda usiku zomwe zimasaka tizilombo, mphutsi, nyongolotsi ndi nsomba zazing'ono m'mitsinje.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma ateronotus onse ogulitsa amagulitsidwa kuchokera ku South America, makamaka ku Brazil. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, adasungidwa bwino mu ukapolo, makamaka ku Southeast Asia, ndipo kukakamizidwa kwa anthu m'chilengedwe kwatsika kwambiri.
Kufotokozera
Mpeni wakuda ukhoza kukula mpaka 50 cm ndikukhala zaka 15. Thupi ndi lathyathyathya komanso lalitali. Palibe zipsepse zakuthambo ndi m'chiuno, kumatako kumatambalala thupi lonse mpaka kumchira.
Kusunthika kosasunthika kwamalond kumapeto kumapangitsa aperonotus chisomo chapadera. Ngakhale zimawoneka zovuta, kayendedwe kawo kogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi kumapeto kumatako amalola kuyenda kokongola kwina kulikonse.
Kulungamitsa dzina lake, ateronotus ndi wakuda wakuda, pamutu pake pamakhala mzere woyera, womwe umayendanso kumbuyo kwake. Komanso mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera kumchira.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Ovomerezeka kwa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi.
Popeza mpeni wakuda ulibe masikelo, umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi mankhwala m'madzi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa fyuluta yakunja ndi cholembera cha UV, chomwe chimachepetsa mwayi wamatenda.
Komanso, nsomba zimazindikira magawo amadzi komanso momwe amasinthira.
Monga nsomba zambiri zofananira, Aperonotus ndi wamanyazi komanso wosankha zochita, makamaka mumtsinje watsopano.
Vuto linanso ndiloti ndi nyama yodya nyama usiku, ndipo imayenera kudyetsedwa usiku kapena kulowa kwa dzuwa.
Kudyetsa
Mipeni yakuda ndi nsomba zolusa. Mwachilengedwe, zochitika zimachitika usiku, akasaka tizilombo, nyongolotsi, nkhono ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
M'nyanja yam'madzi mumadyedwa zakudya zouma kapena zowuma, mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi zamagazi, nyama ya shrimp, brine shrimp kapena tubule, timadzi ta nsomba, mutha kuzolowera mapiritsi ndi ma granules osiyanasiyana.
Amasakanso nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi mipeni.
Ndibwino kudyetsa madzulo kapena usiku, koma akamazolowera, amatha kudyetsa masana, ngakhale m'manja mwawo.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri pafupi ndi pansi. Mpeni wakuda wakuda ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe imafunikira aquarium yayikulu. Zosungidwa bwino m'malo am'madzi a malita 400 kapena kupitilira apo.
Fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu imafunika, ndikuphatikizira UV wowonjezera. Nsomba zimapanga zinyalala zambiri, zimadya zakudya zamapuloteni komanso zimazindikira za madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotere kumathandizira kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri mukaiwala kuchotsa chakudya chotsala, mwachitsanzo.
Nthaka ndi mchenga kapena miyala yoyera. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale malo ambiri obisika komanso malo ogona omwe ateronotus woyera amatha kubisala masana.
Ena mwa ma aquarist amagwiritsa ntchito machubu omveka bwino pomwe nsombazo zimamva kuti ndizabwino koma zimawonekabe. Adzakhala tsiku lonse akubisala.
Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi mbewu zoyandama kuti zikhale mdima pang'ono ndikupanga mphamvu yapakatikati yamadzi.
Magawo amadzi: kutentha kuyambira 23 mpaka 28 ° С, ph: 6.0-8.0, 5 - 19 dGH.
Makhalidwe mu aquarium
Nsomba zamtendere poyerekeza ndi nsomba zapakatikati ndi zazikulu, zomwe nsomba ndi nyama zopanda mafupa zimatha kumeza, zimawoneka ngati chakudya.
Komabe, amatha kukhala olimbirana ndi nsomba zamtundu wina kapena mitundu ina ya mipeni; Ndi bwino kusunga aperonotus m'madzi, osakhala ndi abale.
Kusiyana kogonana
Zosadziwika. Amakhulupirira kuti amuna amakhala achisomo kwambiri, ndipo akazi amakwaniritsidwa.
Kuswana
Kuti muberekenso, muyenera aquarium yamalita 400. Amuna amodzi kapena awiri kapena atatu aakazi ayenera kubzalidwa kuti aswane.
Pambuyo pophatikizana, akazi otsalawo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Apatseni zakudya zingapo zomanga thupi kwambiri. Kutentha kwamadzi - 27 ° С, pH 6.7. Awiriwo amabala usiku, pansi, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyang'anira m'mawa uliwonse kuti aberekane.
Pambuyo pobereka, mkazi amafunika kubzalidwa, ndipo wamwamuna amakhalabe - amateteza mazira ndikuwatsanulira ndi zipsepse. Monga lamulo, mwachangu amaswa tsiku lachitatu, pambuyo pake mwamunayo amathanso kubzalidwa.
Pambuyo pothira mwachangu, imadya yolk sac masiku awiri, ndipo kudyetsa kumatha kuyamba tsiku lachitatu.
Chakudya choyambira - infusoria. Pa tsiku la khumi, mutha kusamutsa mwachangu kuti mudye shrimp nauplii, kudyetsa katatu patsiku. Pakapita kanthawi, mwachangu amatha kudyetsedwa ndi chubu chodulidwa; ndikofunikira kuwadyetsa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri.
