Kaya ndi mphaka kapena chimbalangondo - alendo opita kumalo osungira nyama sangathe kudziwa kuti amawoneka bwanji binturong? Nyama yaubweya iyi yomwe ili ndi mchira wautali ndi masharubu ndiyotikumbutsa za nyamayi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imadziwa kung'ung'udza ngati nkhumba. Komabe, chithumwa sichikugwirizana ndi nyama zomwe zidatchulidwa. Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera kwambiri, wodziyimira pawokha, chidwi chomwe chakula m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Binturong
Ndi zizolowezi zazimphona komanso chimbalangondo chosasunthika, binturong komabe imachokera kubanja la civerrid. Ngakhale Binturong adakali ndi mizu yofanana ndi banja la feline, amabwerera ku Paleogene woyambirira. Dzina lachi Latin la mdani ndi Arctictis binturong. Mamembala onse a banjali ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana: thupi lowonda, mchira wautali ndi miyendo yayifupi.
Kunja, amafanana ndi weasel, kapena mphalapala, wokhala ndi thupi losinthasintha, laminyewa, khosi lapakati ndi mphuno yayitali. Makutu amakhala otakasuka ndipo maso amakhala akulu. Miyendo isanu. Viverrids ndi digito ndi mapulani. Zonse pamodzi, banjali limaphatikizapo mitundu 35, yomwe imaphatikizidwa m'magulu 15 ndi mabanja anayi. Mitundu yambiri yamitundu siyikumveka bwino.
Kanema: Binturong
Binturong ili ndi ma subspecies 6 odziwika ndi ena 3 osadziwika. Binturong subspecies, mwachitsanzo, ochokera ku Indonesia kapena ku Philippines Islands, ali ndi malo ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazinthu zazing'ono:
- binturong albifrons;
- binturong binturong;
- binturong bengalensis;
- binturong kerkhoven;
- binturong woyera;
- binturong penicillatus.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Binturong - chimbalangondo
Binturong ndi nyama yocheperako, yamiyendo yayifupi. Imalemera 9 mpaka 15 kg, ngati galu wapakatikati. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 60-100 cm, kupatula mchira, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi. Mchira wa binturong uli ndi zovuta zingapo. Izi zonse ndi dzanja komanso thandizo poyenda.
Ndi kinkajou yekha, yemwe amakhala ku South America, yemwe angadzitamande ndizosangalatsa izi, koma ku Asia ndiye yekhayo amene amayimira adani awo. Mchira wa binturong umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lolimba, m'munsi mwake ndi opepuka pang'ono. Ambiri, ndi nyama shaggy kwambiri ndi tsitsi wochuluka ndi coarse.
Pathupi, malaya amawala, pafupifupi wakuda-wakuda, nthawi zina amakhala ndi imvi, yomwe amatchedwa "mchere ndi tsabola" mwa obereketsa agalu. Komabe, palinso mitundu yakuda yakuda, yolowetsedwa ndi madera achikaso kapena akuda. Mutu ndi wotakata, wogundana kwambiri pamphuno. Mwa njira, mphuno yakuda imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi ya galu, nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa komanso yozizira.
Mutu ndi chimbudzi zili ndi zingwe zoyera kwambiri pa malaya akuda. Ngakhale mizere ya vibrissae yolimba komanso yayitali, komanso nsidze ndi ma auricles, imadzazidwa ndi "mchere ndi tsabola". M'makutu ozungulira bwino, pali maburashi akuda popanda kupopera. Miyendo ndi yolembedwera kotero kuti ndi kutsogolo amatha kukumba, kugwira ndi kumamatira ku nthambi zamitengo, ndipo kumbuyo kwake amatha kutsamira ndikukhazikika akamakweza.
Maso a Binturong ndi abulauni, cilia wopindika. Maso a mphaka siabwino kwenikweni, monganso kumva. Koma mphamvu ya kununkhiza ndi kukhudza ndiyabwino kwambiri. Mwa izi amathandizidwa ndi ma vibrissae angapo, amawagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama akapopera zinthu zosazolowereka. Nyamayo ili ndi mano 40 pakamwa, makamaka ziphuphu, kutalika kwa 1.5 cm, kuonekera.
Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi utoto - mkazi wamkazi ndi wopepuka pang'ono kuposa wamwamuna. Akazi nawonso ndi okulirapo. Amakhala ndi mawere awiri akulu komanso mawonekedwe apadera a maliseche, omwe amakhala ndi mafupa, ndichifukwa chake ambiri amawasokoneza ndi amuna.
Kodi binturong amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Animal Binturong
Palibe malo ambiri padziko lapansi omwe nyama izi zimakhala. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ku Southeast Asia. Malo okhala binturong amachokera ku India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, mpaka Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, chigawo cha China cha Yunnan komanso kuzilumba za Indonesia: Sumatra, Kalimantan ndi Java, komanso amakhala pachilumba cha Palawan ku Philippines.
Nyama yamtunduwu imakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapiri ndi zigwa za Assam, koma nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonekera m'mapiri ndi mapiri okhala ndi nkhalango zabwino. Ma Binturong adalembedwa ku Manas National Park, m'nkhalango zotetezedwa ku Lahimpur, m'nkhalango zamapiri kumpoto kwamapiri a Kashar komanso mdera la Khailakandi.
Ku Myanmar, Binturongs amajambulidwa ku Taininthayi Nature Reserve pamtunda wa mamita 60. M'chigwa cha Hawking, amakhala pamtunda wa mamita 220-280. Mu Rakhine Yoma Elephant Sanctuary, pamtunda wa 580. Ku Thailand, ku Park ya Khao Yai National, Binturongs adawonedwa m'nkhalango zamitengo yamkuyu ndi mipesa.
Ku Laos, amapezeka m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ku Malaysia - m'nkhalango zazing'ono za kanjedza zomwe zidapangidwa zokha zitadulidwa mu 1970. Ku Palawan, amakhala m'nkhalango za pulayimale ndi sekondale, kuphatikizapo malo odyetserako nkhalango.
Kodi binturong amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyamulani mphaka binturong
Ngakhale kuti ndi nyama yolusa, binturong ndi yopatsa chidwi. Ndipo m'malo mwake, amakonda chakudya chodzala kwambiri kuposa mapuloteni, mosiyana ndi ma viverrids ena.
Gawo la protein ndi 30% yokha; mu binturong, imaperekedwa motere:
- Mbalame zazing'ono;
- Makoswe, mbewa, ma voles;
- Nyongolotsi;
- Tizilombo;
- Mazira;
- Nsomba;
- Molluscs;
- Otsatira;
- Achule.
Komanso, awa okongola samanyoza zovunda, amaba zisa za mbalame. Koma amangodya nsomba ndi mphutsi ngati njira yomaliza, popeza kulowa m'madzi ndikukumba pansi sindiko komwe amakonda, ngakhale amasambira bwino.
Ponena za zakudya zazomera, zomwe zimapanga 70% yazakudya zawo, zipatso ndizo maziko apa:
- Chith;
- Mphesa;
- Malalanje;
- Amapichesi;
- Nthochi;
- Maapulo;
- Cherries.
Zipatso za Binturong zimapezeka popanda vuto lililonse, zimakwera mitengo mwangwiro. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti adule zipatso zowutsa mudyo, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito zikono zazifupi, koma mchira wawo wabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zina ma Binturongs amapitanso kukasaka chakudya; sizowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa samaukira konse.
Ali mu ukapolo, amasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama ndikudyetsedwa nyama yatsopano yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nsomba, zipatso zonse, komanso malo apadera odyetserako mavitamini ndi mchere. Monga nyama zonse zoyamwitsa, nyama za uchi izi sizidzadzikana zokha kuyesa kuyesa mkaka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Binturong - chimbalangondo
Ma Binturongs amakhala usiku, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala otakataka masana - kukhala pafupi ndi anthu sikungakuphunzitseni chilichonse. Ma Binturong amakhala m'mitengo yokha. Kapangidwe kabwino ka mafupa kamawathandiza mu izi, minofu yolimba ya lamba wamapewa imapangitsa kuti miyendo yakutsogolo ikhale yolimba kwambiri.
Kuti ikoke pamapazi ake kapena popachika panthambi, nyamayo imayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zala zake zonse zakumaso, komabe, imachita izi popanda kutsutsidwa. Mapazi akumbuyo amatha kuzungulira kumbuyo. Izi ndizofunikira kutsika mtengo wamtengo. Binturong amatsikira kumutu. Amakwera pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalala, osachita mwadzidzidzi, kulumpha, ngati nyani. Zikatero, mchira umamuthandiza kwambiri, womwe umathandiza kumamatira ndikusunga bwino. Chinyama chimayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi, koma m'madzi chimayenda mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Binturongs ndi osambira odziwika.
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi ya moyo wa nyama yoyamwitsa imakhala pafupifupi zaka 10, nthawi zina manambalawa amafikira 25. Ali mu ukapolo, m'malo abwino, ma binturong amakhala moyenera kawiri kuposa. Amasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Alendo amakonda kujambula zithunzi zawo, ndipo amphaka achenjerewa aphunzira kuzijambula. Amapatsidwa m'manja, amasangalatsa munthu ndikupempha maswiti. Pambuyo pa gawo la marshmallow kapena keke yotsekemera, nyama zomwe zili ndi shuga zimayamba kudumpha ndikuthamanga. Komabe, patatha ola limodzi amagwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagona tulo tofa nato.
Ma Binturong amamveka mosiyanasiyana. Amayenda ngati amphaka, amalira ngati mimbulu yolusa, amalira, amaluma ngati nguluwe. Ngati chinyama sichikhutira ndi zinazake, chimatha kung'ung'udza kapena kufuula mokweza. Ena amati kuseka kumamveka kuchokera ku Binturong wokhutira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Animal Binturong
Zinyama izi ndizosungulumwa, zimayamba kufunafuna kampani pokhapokha kuti zibereke ana. Ndiye samangodzipeza okha awiri okhazikika, komanso amatayika kumadera akulu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, akazi ndi omwe amalamulira madera amenewa. Mbali ina ya binturong ndi kupezeka kwa zotulutsa zonunkhira zomwe zili mdera lamkati.
Zinali izi zomwe zidatengera nthano kuti binturong imanunkhiza ngati mbuluuli. Chinsinsi cha ma gland awa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu zonunkhira. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimafunikira kuti amuna ndi akazi aziyika ma tag. Ma tag awa ali ndi chidziwitso chonse cha omwe amawaika. Uku ndiye kugonana, msinkhu wa munthuyo komanso kufunitsitsa kwake kukwatiwa.
Pozindikira kuti nthambi zikukula, nyama zimakankhira tiziwalo timene timatulutsa ndikuzikweza. Ndipo kuti adziwe nthambi zomwe zili mozungulira, zaikidwa pamsana pawo, kukopa nthambiyo ndi zikoko zakutsogolo ndikulitsogolera kudera lomwe lili pafupi ndi mchira wawo. Amuna amatha kuyika zipsera mosiyana, amanyowetsa zikopa zawo ndi mkodzo wawo ndikupaka pamtengo. Gawo lina lamasewera okhathamira ndi kuthamanga kwaphokoso komanso kulumpha. Pogonana, mkazi nthawi zina amakumbatira mnzake, ndikudina mchira wake ndi dzanja lake kumunsi kwa mchira wake. Atapanga awiriawiri, ma Binturong amakhala ndi ana kawiri pachaka.
Mayi wosamala amakonzekereratu chisa cha ana amtsogolo pamalo otetezeka, nthawi zambiri mumtengo wa mtengo. Wamwamuna amaloledwa kukhala ndi banja kwakanthawi kokwanira kawiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwa mu Januware ndi Epulo. Mimba imatenga masiku 90 okha, kenako mwana mmodzi kapena 6 amabadwa.
Ana amatenga magalamu 300. Ana obadwa kumene amatha kumveka kale mofanana ndi kumeza. Anawo amatuluka m'chisa milungu iwiri. Amadyetsa mkaka kuyambira ola loyamba la moyo mpaka masabata 6-7, kenako nkumadziletsa kuyamwa, kudyetsa zitsamba zomwe mayi amabwera. Komabe, ma Binturong amakhala achikulire ndipo amakula msinkhu pazaka 2-2.5 zokha.
Adani achilengedwe a Binturong
Chithunzi: Nyamulani mphaka binturong
Binturong ili ndi adani ambiri. Zinyama zazing'ono komanso anthu ofooka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, mwachizolowezi.
Amagwidwa ndi zilombo zazikuluzikulu ndi nthenga zambiri:
- Ng'ona;
- Akambuku;
- Nyamazi;
- Akambuku;
- Ziwombankhanga;
- Hawks;
- Agalu amtchire;
- Njoka.
Munthu wamkulu, wathanzi binturong siwofooka momwe zimawonekera. Akhoza kuyimirira yekha. Ikasungidwa pakona, imakhala yoyipa, imavulaza chilombocho ndi ziweto zake, ikuluma mwamphamvu ndikulira mwamphamvu. Munthu ndi chikoka chake pa chilengedwe, makamaka, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, ndiwowopsa kwa iye.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Binturong
Ma Binturong m'maiko ambiri otentha amasungidwa ngati ziweto, nyama zonyengerera ndizosavuta kuweta. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri, chinyama sichidalandire izi chifukwa cha kununkhiza kwake. Ku Vietnam, komanso m'malo ena a Laos, nyama ya binturong imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino. Amaphedwa kuti apereke malo odyera ndi nyama yatsopano komanso ziwalo zamkati za nyama.
Ku Southeast Asia ndi China, nyamazi zimawonongedwa mwachangu, ndikuwatsogolera kukasaka kopanda malire. Ku Borneo, anthu aku Binturong atsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Ku Philippines, nyama zimagulitsidwa, monga ku Vietnam. M'mayiko ena, binturong yatetezedwa ndipo imatetezedwa ndi lamulo.
Chifukwa chake ku India kuyambira 1989 imaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya III CITES. Apa adapatsidwa udindo wapamwamba kwambiri wachitetezo. Ndipo ku China, nyamayo idalembedwa mu Red Book ndikupatsidwa mtundu wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Ku Thailand, Malaysia ndi Borneo, mtundu uwu wa civet umaphatikizidwanso pamalamulo oteteza nyama zamtchire. Ku Bangladesh, binturong yatetezedwa kuyambira 2012. Koma ku Brunei, palibe mayesero omwe adachitidwa kuti ateteze Binturong pamalamulo. Nyama yabwinoyi imasangalatsa alendo, alendo osungira nyama komanso okonda zachilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Maina osiririka ngati katsi chimbalangondo chimamatira chinyama. Zimangotembenukira kwa iwo kwa akuluakulu aboma komwe nyama iyi yawonongedwa mwankhanza. Kuti binturong sizinasangalatse ife tokha, komanso ana athu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 28.01.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 22:26
