Rook - mbalame yomwe imabweretsa kutentha. Izi ndi zomwe anthu adazitcha kuyambira kale, pomwe zidadziwika koyamba kuti pofika kubalaka, kutentha kudayamba kumadera akumpoto. Pachifukwachi, malingaliro ama rooks ndi ofunda kuposa ena onse a corvids. Ma rook amangolengeza zakubwera kwa kasupe yemwe akhala akuyembekezeredwa kwanthawi yayitali, komanso ndi anzeru kwambiri, nyama zopupuluma. Mungakhale otsimikiza za izi mwa kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mbalamezi, zizolowezi zawo, moyo wawo komanso mawonekedwe achilengedwe.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Grach
Rook zimalumikizidwa ndi matalala ambiri, dzuwa lowala, mitsinje yoyamba yothamanga. Ngakhale kuti anali mbalame zosawoneka bwino, mbalamezi zinkakopa chidwi cha anthu. Ndipo zonsezi ndichifukwa choti ndiwo opangira kubwera kwa masika. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikilo ndi zikhulupiriro zina zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi ma rook. Ndi chithandizo chawo, samangolosera zanyengo, komanso amakonzekera ntchito zina zaulimi.
Kanema: Grach
Rook la dongosolo la odutsa, banja la ma corvids. Mbalameyi ndi yamtundu wa akhwangwala pazizindikiro zambiri zakunja ndi zamakhalidwe. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbalamezi. Rook imasiyanitsidwa ndi khwangwala wamba ndi kamangidwe kocheperako, kamlomo kakang'ono komanso kakang'ono. Ndizosavuta kuzindikira ma rook. Izi ndi mbalame zakuda kwathunthu, zomwe kukula kwake sikupitilira masentimita makumi anayi mphambu asanu ndi awiri. Dzuwa, mtundu wa nthenga zawo utha kupanga chibakuwa.
Chosangalatsa: Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mulingo wanzeru za rook umafanana ndendende ndi chimpanzi. Mbalamezi zimadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosakira kuti zipeze chakudya, monga anyani.
Mbalame yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi luso, luso. Amadziwa momwe angadzipezere chakudya kuchokera kumakona osafikirika. Pankhaniyi, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi ndodo, nthambi ya mtengo, waya. Mbalame sizimangogwiritsa ntchito zinthu, komanso zimatha "kuwongolera" kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo. Mwachitsanzo, nyama imatha kupanga waya mosavuta kuti itenge chidutswa cha mkate mu botolo lopapatiza.
Ma rook amapanga mawu omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi phokoso lomwe akhwangwala wamba. Komabe, nyamazi sizingatchulidwe kuti zoyimba. Ali ndi mawu osokosera, mabasi, osakhala mawu osangalatsa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Rook bird
Sikuti munthu aliyense wamakono amatha kusiyanitsa rook ndi khwangwala wamba. Nyama izi ndizofanana, ndikosavuta kuzisokoneza patali. Komabe, sikovuta kuzindikira rook pafupi.
Ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja:
- munthu wamkulu samafika masentimita makumi asanu m'litali. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita makumi anayi mphambu asanu ndi awiri, omwe ndi ocheperako kukula kwa khwangwala;
- Nthenga zimakhala ndi utoto wakuda wakuda. Dzuwa lokha limatha kupanga mbalame yofiirira. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi la mbalameyi limatulutsa sebum. Amakongoletsa nthenga, kuzipangitsa kukhala zonyezimira, zopanda madzi komanso zowirira. Izi zimathandiza nyamazi paulendo. Chifukwa cha sebum, ma rook amakula msanga, amatha kulekerera maulendo ataliatali mosavuta;
- Milomo ya rooks ndi yayifupi, yopyapyala, yamphamvu. Ichi ndichofunikira pamitundu iyi ya mbalame, yomwe imawasiyanitsa ndi ma corvids ena onse. M'masokosi achichepere, milomo imapangidwa utoto wowala wakuda. Koma popita nthawi, mtunduwo umatha, umakhala wotuwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama ndizochulukirapo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakumba pansi;
- zolimba zolimba. Mapazi a mbalameyi ali ndi zikhadabo zolimba, pamwamba pake ali ndi "mathalauza". "Mathalauza" amapangidwa kuchokera ku nthenga zazing'ono;
- otukuka, minofu yolimba. Minofu ya nkhuku imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chambiri. Pafupifupi naintini peresenti ya kulemera konse kwa thupi ndi minyewa yothamanga. Izi zimalola kuti nyamayo isunthike modutsa mumlengalenga, ipeze liwiro mwachangu;
- kuthawira kwakuthwa, pafupifupi kwathunthu. Kuyang'ana kumwamba, mbalamezi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zina. Amawuluka mokongola, mwachangu. Komanso, mawonekedwe awo ndi kuthekera kwachangu kuchoka pamalo. Khwangwala amafunika kuthamangitsidwa pang'ono. Ayenera kukupiza mapiko awo akulu mwachangu komanso molimba kuti akwere kutalika.
Kodi rook amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Black Rook
Rook ndi nyama zodziwika bwino. Amakhala kulikonse komwe nyengo ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zawo komanso komwe kuli chakudya choyenera. Mbalamezi zimakonda nyengo yotentha, koma zimatha kupirira kutentha ndipo zimatha kukhala m'malo ozizira. Zambiri mwa nyamazi zimakonda kukhala pakatikati pa Eurasia. Amapezeka kulikonse kuyambira ku Scandinavia mpaka ku Pacific Ocean. Rook sapezeka m'malo ena a Asia.
Palibenso anthu ambiri okhala ku Kazakhstan, Crimea, Turkey, Georgia, Italy, France, Turkmenistan. Komanso, mbalame zimakhazikika kum'mwera, zigawo zapakati pa Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland. Rook nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Afghanistan, India komanso Egypt. Pakatikati mwa Russia, mbalame sizikhala nthawi yayitali. Nyengo yozizira ikayamba, zimauluka kupita kumadera otentha. Makoko sangapezeke kumadera ozizira kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira.
Chosangalatsa: Rook amatha kutchedwa kuti nyama zachikoloni. Amagawidwa mofanana m'dera lawo lachilengedwe. Mbalamezi zimasankha zigawo zina zamoyo, nthawi zambiri zimasintha malo awo, zimasamukira kumayiko osiyanasiyana ofunda.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yama rook imapezeka m'mizinda, m'matawuni ndi m'midzi. Izi ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri zomwe zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu - komwe mungapeze chakudya nthawi zonse. Amakhala ozindikira mwachangu ndipo nthawi zonse amabwerera nyengo yozizira m'malo otentha panthawi yomwe nthaka imalima. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimapeza zikumbu, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina tambiri m'minda, tikukumba pansi.
Ngakhale pali "chikondi" china choyenda maulendo ataliatali, sianthu onse omwe amasamukira kwina. Ambiri amakhala m'malo awo okhazikika. Nthawi zambiri ma rook osakhalitsa amapezeka pakati pa omwe amakhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu komanso zigawo zomwe nyengo yake imakhala yopanda nyengo yozizira.
Kodi rook amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Big Rook
Chofunikira chofunikira pakukhalitsa kwa ma rook ndi kuchuluka kwawo ndichabwino kwambiri. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimapeza chakudya, kuti zibwezeretse mphamvu. Amadya pafupifupi chilichonse. Komabe, maziko a zakudya zawo akadali chakudya chama protein: mphutsi, kafadala, tizilombo, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Makoko amapeza chakudya chotere mobisa, akumakumba mwachangu ndi milomo yawo yayifupi koma yamphamvu. Mbalamezi zimatha kuwonedwa pagulu la minda yolima kumene. Pakadali pano, ndizosavuta kuti nyama zizipeza chakudya chama protein.
Maloko akhoza kuvulaza poyang'ana chakudya m'minda yolimidwa. Pamodzi ndi tizilombo, mbozi zimadya mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa ndi anthu. Koma vutoli ndilotsika kwambiri kuposa maubwino a rooks. Mtundu uwu wa mbalame umatsuka bwino minda, nthaka yaulimi kuchokera kuzirombo, ngakhale mbewa zakumunda.
Chosangalatsa: Mdani woipa kwambiri wa alimi ndi kamba kachilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwononga mbewu zambiri, ndikuwononga kwambiri. Ngakhale akamba ochepa, zokololazo zimawerengedwa kuti zatsala pang'ono kutha. Rooks ndi njira yothanirana ndi tiziromboto. Gulu laling'ono la mbalamezi limatha kuchotsa msanga kamba.
Komanso, zakudya zamasiku onse azamasamba zimaphatikizapo:
- molluscs, nkhanu zazing'ono, nkhanu. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango pafupi ndi madzi ndi mitsinje zimadyetsa nyama zoterezi;
- mbalame zazing'ono, ana awo. Nthawi zina gulu lankhwangwa limatha kuwononga zisa za mbalame zazing'ono;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Rook mosavuta kuthana ndi mbewa zakutchire, makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- mbewu, zipatso, njere, masamba, zipatso, zipatso;
- zinyalala chakudya. Maloko omwe amakhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu amakonda kudya mwachindunji m'malo otaya zinyalala ndi malo otayira zinyalala.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Rook m'nyengo yozizira
Rook ndi mbalame zomwe zikubwera. Amakonda kuthera nthawi m'malo otseguka, aulere. Amatha kuwoneka nthawi zambiri m'minda yolima, m'minda, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mtsinje. Mbalamezi zimakhala nthawi yambiri m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, nthawi zina zimapezeka m'mapaki akuluakulu mumzinda. Ma rook amzindawu amatha tsiku lonse pafupi ndi anthu. Amamva bwino akakhala ndi nkhunda, akhwangwala ndi nthumwi zina za banja lolimba.
Mbalamezi zimamanga zisa zawo pamitengo yayitali kwambiri, m'magawo onse. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa maanja omwe amakhala m'malo amodzi kumatha kufikira chikwi. Ngati mbalame zimakhazikika pafupi ndi mzinda wawukulu, nzika zake zidzadziwa izi nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa gulu lalikulu laphokoso limapanga phokoso kwambiri. Nyama nthawi zonse zimalankhulana, nthawi zina sizimveka bwino. Monga asayansi apezera, pakulumikizana kotere, ma rook amatha kutumiza chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, za malo omwe mungapindule nawo.
Zinaululidwanso mwakuyesera kuti pagulu lililonse la ma rook pamakhala mtsogoleri. Iyi ndi mbalame yofunika kwambiri. Aliyense amamvera ndikumulemekeza. Pangozi, ndiye mtsogoleri amene amachenjeza gulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachoka pamalo osatetezeka. Nthawi zonse omasuka kumanga chisa, kusamalira ana ndi kupeza chakudya, rook amathera pamasewera. Amatha kusamutsa ndodo wina ndi mnzake, kusewera ndi nthambi, zinthu zonyezimira. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyama zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwawo.
Chikhalidwe cha ma rook sichingatchedwe kukhala chete. Zimakonda kucheza, mbalame zoseketsa, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zankhanza. Kupsa mtima nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pokhudzana ndi oyandikana nawo paketiyo. Amachotsa ofooka, amatha kumenya nawo nkhondo yoopsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Rook pamtengo
Ndikutentha koyamba, ndikuwoneka kwa dzuwa la masika, ma rook amabwerera kuchokera kumaiko ofunda. Mu Marichi, nyengo yawo yokwatirana imayamba. Pakadali pano, mbalamezi zimaswa awiriawiri ndikuyamba kumangapo nyumba zawo ndi ana awo amtsogolo. Ntchito yomanga imayambira pafupi ndi Epulo. Pazinthu izi, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma, ubweya wa agalu, nthambi, nthaka yonyowa, dongo, mapepala, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili pafupi. Zisa za mbalame zimayikidwa pamitengo yayitali.
Chosangalatsa: Rooks ndi "banja", mbalame zokhulupirika. Amadzisankhira okha kwa moyo wonse ndipo samasiyana ndi wokondedwa wawo. Chokhacho ndichomwe chimachitika pomwe mnzake adamwalira mosayembekezereka komanso asanakalambe.
Malo okwera a zisa ndi chifukwa chakuti amawonekera kwambiri. Chisa chimatha kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, motero mbalame ziyenera kuziteteza kuzilombo zolusa kapena anthu. Nyumba za mbalame zimamangidwa modalirika, chifukwa amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito chaka chimodzi. Ngakhale osakhala panyumba kwa nthawi yayitali, rook nthawi zonse imapeza chisa chake, pomwe, limodzi ndi mnzake, imasamalira ndikulera ana atsopano.
M'nyengo yotentha, awiriwa nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira kamodzi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zida ziwiri pachaka. Kuchuluka kwa mazira mu clutch imodzi sikupitilira zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mazirawo ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi ubweya wabuluu wobiriwira. Makolo onse amatha kukhalira mazira, koma nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala ndi mwana. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, anapiye amayamba kuwonekera. Poyamba, alibe chochita, amaliseche, motero makolo amayenera kuyang'anira ana awo mosamala.
Amayi amasamalira anapiye opanda thandizo, ndipo bambo ndi amene amawapatsa chakudya. Ana akakwanira, chachikazi chimathandiza champhongo. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mbadwo wachinyamatayo uli wokonzeka kuthawa koyamba, ndipo mwezi wina, kuti ukhale ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe a rook
Chithunzi: Grach
Monga nyama zina zilizonse, ma rook nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi adani achilengedwe.
Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
- zolusa mbalame. Ziwombankhanga, akadzidzi, ziwombankhanga zagolidi, ndi nyama zina zambiri zolusa zokhala ndi nthenga zimaukira rook ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimapambana pankhondo yoopsa;
- nyama zolusa. Ankhandwe, mimbulu, zimbalangondo, zolusa zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimasakanso mbalamezi. Komabe, sizinganenedwe kuti nthawi zonse kusaka kumatha bwino. Makoko si nyama yosavuta kwa adani awa. Ndiwotsogola, amatha kunyamuka mwamphamvu pamalo ndikubisala kumwamba;
- anthu. Ngakhale ma rook amapindulitsa kwambiri nthaka yaulimi, amawapwetekanso. Mbalamezi zimawononga mbewu zatsopano, chimanga, mbande zazing'ono. Kuwonongeka koteroko kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa alimi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu amakakamizidwa kutchera misampha yapadera komanso kuwombera. Komabe, kuwononga mbalame koteroko sikungatchulidwe kwakukulu;
- tizirombo ting'onoting'ono, utitiri, mabakiteriya. Zimawononga kwambiri thanzi la mbalame, zimachepetsa moyo wonse, ngati sizingapangitse kuti afe nthawi yomweyo.
Chosangalatsa: M'mbuyomu, mbalame zambiri zidagwidwa ndikuphedwa ndi anthu pazifukwa zosiyana. Nyama yokhota idadyedwa mwachangu ndi osauka. Chakudyachi chinali chotchuka kwambiri ku Germany ndi ku Ukraine.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Rook bird
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe, kudula mitengo kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pokonza minda, asayansi adayamba kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa nyama iliyonse. Rooks - osati zosiyana. Mwamwayi, mitundu ya mbalameyi imakhala ndi malo ambiri ogawa, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo pazaka zambiri. Pakadali pano, malo osungira mbalameyi akuti ndi Osavuta.
Kutetezedwa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti posachedwa ma rook sangakhale pachiwopsezo chotha padziko lathuli. Mbalame zachonde, zolimba izi zidzakhala imodzi mwamabanja ambiri a corvids kwanthawi yayitali. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mbalame zochokera m'mabanja ena, kuchuluka kwa ma rook sikokwanira. Amakhala wofatsa. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumakhudzidwa ndi adani achilengedwe, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso nthawi yayitali yamoyo.
Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kuthekera kwakukulu kwachilengedwe, ma rook samakhala kwanthawi yayitali. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amamwalira ali ndi zaka zinayi. Komabe, asayansi atangolemba mbiri yonse ya moyo. Ku UK, rook idapezeka yomwe idatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri mphambu zitatu kuthengo.
Maloko ndi mbalame zomwe zimayenera kusamalidwa ndi anthu. Iwo si okongola okha, komanso aluntha. Pamodzi ndi achibale awo akhwangwala, rook akuwonetsa luntha kwambiri. Amatha kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo. Palibe amene angadzitamande ndi kulingalira koteroko pakati pa mbalame.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03.06.2019
Tsiku losintha: 20.09.2019 nthawi ya 22:09
