White amur nsomba zazikulu komanso zokongola zochokera kubanja la Karpov. Ndikofunika pamtengo wake wopindulitsa. Imakula msanga, imasinthasintha bwino ndikupanga zachilengedwe zamadzi osiyanasiyana. Ndi nsomba zamalonda. Ndi kukoma kwake kokoma, imapindulitsanso madamu ena, ndikuwayeretsa bwino ndi zomera zam'madzi zomwe zimadya.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Amur
Carp udzu (Ctenopharyngon idella) ndi wa banja la Carp, dongosolo la Carp, gulu la nsomba za Bony. Mitunduyi imachokera ku East Asia, komwe imagawidwa kwambiri ngakhale pano, kuyambira ku Mtsinje wa Amur ndikufika kumalire akumwera kwa China.
Kanema: White Cupid
Belamur idapezeka m'mitsinje yaku Russia munthawi ya Soviet Union, pomwe koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 60 idayambitsidwa ndikuzolowereredwa kuthana bwino ndi zomera zambiri zam'madzi. Imatsuka matupi amadzi bwino kwambiri, imadya mpaka makilogalamu awiri azomera zam'madzi pa 1 kg yolemera thupi lake tsiku limodzi. Pafupifupi, wamkulu wamkulu amatha kudya pafupifupi 20-30 kg ya algae patsiku.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti carp yoyera imatha kudya osati zomera zam'madzi zokha, komanso imatha kudya zomera zapadziko lapansi, chifukwa chake imapita kumalo amadzi osefukira. Milandu yalembedwa pomwe oimira mitunduyo adalumphira m'madzi kukatenga mbewu zapansi.
Mitunduyi imapezeka m'mitsinje yapakatikati yothirira komanso malo osungira mozizirira magetsi. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, nsomba sizingathe kubereka, ndipo kuberekana kwawo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mphutsi zochokera ku Krasnodar Territory ndi Moldova.
White carp ndi nsomba yothandiza yomwe imachita malonda. Ili ndi kukoma kwabwino. Nyama ndi yonenepa, yokoma komanso yolimba, yoyera, yathanzi. Chiwindi cha carp udzu ndichofunikanso, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya, chiwindi ndi chachikulu, chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Amur
Grass carp ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa 1.2 m ndikulemera mpaka 40 kg. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambasula; zina zomwe zimakhazikika pansi zimadziwika mumbali. Mutu ndi wotsika, kamwa ndiyowongoka, m'mphepete mwa mkamwa simadutsa m'mbali mwamaso mwa mzere wowongoka. Mphumi ndiyotakata kwambiri.
Mano ndi apadera - pharyngeal, yomwe ili m'mizere iwiri, yothinikizidwa mozungulira, m'mphepete mwa mano ndikuthwa kwambiri, titha kufananizidwa ndi macheka, okhala ndi mapiko osagwirizana. Mambawo ndi akulu, olimba, okhala ndi mzere wakuda womwe uli kumapeto kwenikweni kwa sikelo iliyonse. Pamimba, mamba ndi opepuka, opanda mkombero. Msana ndi mimba ndizazitali pakati pa zipsepse.
Zipsepse:
- dorsal fin pang'ono ozungulira, kuyambira pang'ono kutsogolo kwa zipsepse za m'chiuno, kutalika koma osati motalika, ndi kuwala kwa nthambi 7 ndi kunyezimira kwa 3 kopanda nthambi;
- zipsepse za m'chiuno sizifika kumtunda;
- kumatako kumapeto atazunguliridwa pang'ono, kukula kocheperako, ndimitundumitundu 8 yokhala ndi nthambi ndi 3 zopanda kuwala;
- fin ya caudal ndi yayikulu, notch yake ndiyapakatikati.
Zipsepse zonse ndizopepuka kupatula kwa caudal ndi dorsal. Kumbuyo kwa udzu wamtundu wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira, mbali zake ndi zopepuka zagolide, ndimiyeso 40-47 yomwe ili motsatira mzere wotsatira. Pamwambapa pali ma operculum, pomwe mikwingwirima imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mitsempha yokhala ndi ma spam ochepa komanso ochepa. Maso ali ndi chitsulo chagolide. White carp Ali ndi 42-46 vertebrae ndi mdima, pafupifupi wakuda peritoneum.
Kodi White Cupid amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Amur amakhala
Malo okhala nsomba ndi East Asia, kuyambira ku Mtsinje wa Amur ndi kumwera chakumwera, mpaka ku Xijiang. Ku Russia, carp amakhala mumtsinje womwewo, malo ake apakati komanso otsika. Ndi cholinga chololezera kuzaka za m'ma 60s, nsomba zinayambitsidwa m'mitsinje yambiri ya USSR.
Zina mwa izi:
- Don;
- Wotsitsa;
- Volga;
- Kuban;
- Amur;
- Enisey ndi ena.
Kuwukiraku kunachitika ndi cholinga chotsuka pazodzikweza.
Komanso, kuyika nsomba m'madamu amadzi oyera kunachitika:
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika;
- Europe;
- Asia;
- pa Sakhalin.
Cholinga chachikulu cha kuyambitsa ndi kuswana nsomba monga chinthu chowetera nsomba. Amatulukira makamaka mumtsinje wa Sungari, Nyanja Khanka, Mtsinje wa Ussuri, mumtsinje wa China, pa Don, pa Volga.
Tsopano carp yaudzu imakhala pafupifupi m'malo onse, nyanja zazikulu ndi makina amadzi:
- Moldova;
- Gawo laku Europe la Russia;
- Belarus;
- Central Asia;
- Ukraine;
- Kazakhstan.
Kupezeka kwa nsomba m'mitsinje, posungira ndi m'madziwe kumatsimikiziridwa kokha kudzera kuberekakuchita kupanga.
Amur amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: White carp fish
Chofunikira pakupezeka kwa nsomba ndikupezeka kwa zomera zochulukirapo, popeza udzu wam'mimba ndi nsomba yodyetsa ndipo imangodya zomera zokha. Poyamba, nyama zotchedwa zooplankton ndi tizinyama tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadya ndiwo nyama yaudzu. Ikukula, ikafika kutalika m'matumbo kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 10 cm, nsombayo imayamba kudya zomera.
Zakudya zazomera ndizofunikira kwambiri pachakudya, koma nthawi zina anthu amatha kudya nsomba zazing'ono. Kusadzidalira pa chakudya ndicho chinthu chachikulu pakudya. Ali mu dziwe, amatha kudya mosangalala zomwe zidapangidwira carp.
Dyetsani zakudya zomwe zimakonda udzu wamkati:
- udzu wofewa;
- kutalika;
- duckweed;
- zonyansa;
- chilim;
- nyanga;
- diso;
- masamba a bango;
- sedge;
- ndere zolimba.
Amakonda chakudya chopezeka mosavuta, chifukwa chake amakonda zimayambira zofewa komanso masamba a bango asanadulidwe. Komabe, chakudya chomwe "chimakonda" sichikupezeka, cupid imayamba kudya chilichonse, mosasankha, kuphatikiza mbewu zomwe zimamera, zomwe zimakoka ndikuzula. Amadya gawo lina, koma kulavulira kwambiri. Angadye nsonga za beet, masamba a kabichi, clover.
Kutentha kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 ° C ndikoyenera kwambiri kudyetsa kapu mwachangu. Unyinji wa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa munthawi yotenthetsayi chimafika 120% ya kulemera kwake. Njira yosakira m'mtundu uwu ndiyachangu, chakudya chodutsa munthawi yaying'ono yam'mimba sichimangiriridwa kwathunthu. Kawirikawiri, monga momwe zingathere, amadya tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, molluscs.
Chosangalatsa: M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumakhala kotsika ndipo sikokwanira, ndipo nthawi zina kulibe chakudya chomera, sichingadye konse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti thupi wapeza chakudya m'thupi pa nthawi yogwira zakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito amthupi amunthu aliyense.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Amur
Belamur imasamukira kumalo ake achilengedwe kutengera kuchuluka kwakanthawi. Ikatentha, imapezeka m'mbali mwa mitsinje, ndipo pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira komanso nthawi yachisanu imakhala mumtsinje, komwe imatha kusonkhana m'magulu a maenje amtsinjewo.
Carp yaudzu ndi yonyansa, ndiye kuti, imagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chocheperako - izi ndizomera zam'madzi, komanso mbewu zapamtunda zomwe zimamera m'malo otsetsereka a mitsinje komanso malo osungira amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuti achotse chomeracho, imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mano am'mimbamo, ulusi wazomera umasokonekera. Ana ang'onoang'ono osakwana 3 cm atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, ma crustaceans ndi ma rotifers.
Kukula msinkhu m'malo osiyanasiyana kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kotero, kumalo awo achibadwidwe - beseni la Mtsinje wa Amur, kukula kwa kugonana kumachitika zaka 10. M'mitsinje yaku China kale, pofika zaka 8-9.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Oimira mitundu yomwe ikukhala mumitsinje ya Cuba amafikira kukhwima msanga, ali ndi zaka 1-2.
Caviar imabereka m'magawo, kubala kumatambasula pakapita nthawi:
- mumitsinje yaku China kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti;
- mu beseni la Amur mu Juni ndi Julayi. Kubzala munthawi yomweyo kumaganiziridwanso.
Caviar ndi pelagic, ndiye kuti ikuyandama pagawo lamadzi. Pambuyo masiku atatu mutabereka, mphutsi zimaswa kuchokera kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa 20 ° C. Mwachangu posachedwa apita kunyanja, komwe amakhala ndizofunikira zonse, kuphatikiza chakudya - tizilombo, mphutsi, ma crustaceans ang'ono, algae. Thupi likakula masentimita atatu, limasintha ndikudya zomera.
Belamur sali wamanyazi, koma wochenjera kwambiri. Ali ndi malo obisalapo, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa dzenje lamtsinje kapena munthambi. Njira zomwe nsomba zimasambira ndizofanana. Nthawi yotentha, amakonda kusambira m'malo otentha am'madzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Belamur
Akuluakulu amtunduwu amatha kusonkhana m'masukulu, izi zimawoneka makamaka nthawi yachisanu, yomwe nsombazi zimathera m'maenje pansi pamtsinje.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ta khungu timatulutsa chinsinsi cholimba, ulusi wake woyera womwe umayandama m'madzi, ndikupatsa malo okhala nsomba zochulukirapo.
Atatha msinkhu, (pafupifupi zaka 7) mchilimwe, Amur amapita kukayamba. Iyenera kukhala madzi osaya, okhala ndi maziko olimba, omwe maziko ake ndi mwala kapena dongo. Kuyenda kokwanira komanso kutentha kwa madzi kwa 25 ° C zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira.
Mkazi amatulutsa pafupifupi mazira zikwi 3.5, akuyandama m'madzi ofunda, omwe amafalikira ndikutuluka kwamadzi. Pambuyo masiku atatu, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira.
Pasanathe sabata, mphutsi, yomwe idakhazikika kale pazomera zam'madzi zam'madzi, imakula mwachangu. Malek, pokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amadyetsa zooplankton ndi benthos zamoyo. Akafika kutalika kwa masentimita atatu, Malek amasintha kudya zakudya zamasamba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka - kusowa kwa chakudya, mphamvu zamphamvu, kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwamphamvu, kubereka kumayima ndipo mazira awonongedwa, otchedwa kuyambiranso.
Adani achilengedwe amakapu oyera
Chithunzi: Amur
Wamkulu wa White Cupid ali ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, chifukwa alibe adani achilengedwe munthawi ya mitsinje yamadzi. Koma kwa anthu ochepa, omwe akukula, pali zoopsa zambiri, kuphatikiza:
- nyengo zosasinthasintha, kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha, kusintha kwa liwiro lamakono, chilala, kusefukira kwamadzi;
- tizilombo, amphibiya, nyama zina zomwe zimatha kudya caviar. Poganizira kuti palibe mazira ochulukirapo, izi zitha kuwopseza kukhalapo kwa anthu;
- kwa nsomba zazing'ono ndi zapakatikati, nsomba zodya nyama, kuphatikizapo pike ndi catfish, zimawopseza pokhapokha ngati tikulankhula za madzi otseguka;
- Mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, komanso mbalame zam'madzi, zimatha kudyetsa oimira ang'onoang'ono komanso azaka zapakati pazamoyo, zomwe zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa anthu;
- munthu wamakhalidwe osasamala komanso nthawi zina adyera posodza.
Popeza Amur ndi nsomba yokoma kwambiri komanso yathanzi, msodzi aliyense amayesetsa kuti agwire. Mavuto azachilengedwe, mwatsoka, akuchulukirachulukira. Madzi amaipitsidwa ndi zinyalala ndi zotuluka m'mapangidwe amakankhwala; kuti ziwonjezere phindu, zinthu zokula ndi mahomoni zimawonjezedwa kuti zizidyetsa, zomwe zimasintha biocenosis yonse yazachilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: White carp m'madzi
Belamur ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda komanso kuyeretsa. Kukula kwa anthu mumtundu wake wachilengedwe (madera amtsinje wa Amur) kwakhalabe otsika. Zinthu zosiyanazi zadziwika pambuyo panjira zowukira komanso kuzolowera m'madzi osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Pokhala ogula osadzichepetsa azakudya zamasamba, belamur imakula msanga, komanso, siyopikisana nayo potengera mtundu wa nsomba zina.
Cholepheretsa chokha pakukula kwakukula kwa anthu osamukira kudziko lina ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zoyenera kuti abereke. Apa amayamba kubweretsa mwachangu kuchokera kumalo awo achilengedwe ndikupanga malo okhala atsopano. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, wowononga cupid nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la nsomba zonse.
Monga chogulitsa, cupid ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kukoma kwake, nyama yake imathandizanso.
M'misodzi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe amakonda, pamodzi ndi carp, pomwe palibe mpikisano pachakudya. Chifukwa chakuti nsombazi ndizodzichepetsa, zomwe zimadziwika ndikukula mwachangu, zimathandiza kuyeretsa matupi amadzi kuti asachulukane, pokhala ameliorator wachilengedwe, amasankhidwa poswana.
White amur nthumwi yabwino ya Karpovs. Nsomba yokongola yokhala ndi kukula kodabwitsa. Osadzitengera kuzikhalidwe zakukhalapo. Lili ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yofunika, yomwe kuyeretsa kwa malo osungira kumawathandiza, komanso kulawa kwabwino komanso zakudya zabwino. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi am'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kulima kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/21/2019
Tsiku losintha: 18.09.2019 nthawi 20:39
