Common macropod (lat. Macropodus opercularis) kapena nsomba za paradiso ndizodzichepetsa, koma tambala ndipo zimatha kumenya oyandikana nawo m'nyanja. Nsombazo zinali chimodzi mwa zoyambirira kubweretsedwa ku Ulaya; nsomba zagolide zokha zinali patsogolo pake.
Inabweretsedwa ku France koyamba mu 1869, ndipo mu 1876 idawonekera ku Berlin. Nsomba yaying'ono koma yokongola kwambiri ya aquarium yatenga gawo lofunikira pofalitsa zochitika zam'madzi padziko lonse lapansi.
Pakubwera mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, kutchuka kwa mitunduyi kwatsika pang'ono, komabe imakhalabe imodzi mwa nsomba zotchuka kwambiri, zosungidwa ndi pafupifupi aliyense wamadzi.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Macropod wamba (Macropodus opercularis) adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1758. Kumakhala malo akuluakulu ku Southeast Asia.
Habitat - China, Taiwan, kumpoto ndi pakati pa Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Japan, Korea. Kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuzika mizu ku Madagascar ndi USA.
Ngakhale kuti idafalikira kwambiri, adatchulidwa mu Red Book ngati zomwe sizikudetsa nkhawa kwenikweni.
Zachilengedwe zimapangidwa mwakhama, magwero amadzi awonongeka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komabe, saopsezedwa kuti atha, iyi ndi njira yodzitetezera.
Macropod ndi amodzi mwamitundu isanu ndi inayi pamtundu wa Macropodus, pomwe 6 mwa 9 imafotokozedwa mzaka zaposachedwa.
Kawirikawiri akhala m'madzi okwanira kwazaka zopitilira zana. Choyamba chinabweretsedwa ku Paris mu 1869, ndipo mu 1876 ku Berlin.
Mndandanda wa mitundu yodziwika:
- Macropodus opercularis - (Linnaeus, 1758) Paradise Nsomba)
- Macropodus ocellatus - (Cantor, 1842)
- Macropodus spechti - (Schreitmüller, 1936)
- Macropodus erythropterus - (Freyhof & Herder, 2002)
- Macropodus hongkongensis - (Freyhof & Herder, 2002)
- Macropodus baviensis - (Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005)
- Macropodus lineatus - (Nguyen, Ngo & Nguyen, 2005)
- Macropodus oligolepis - (Nguyen, Ngo & Nguyen, 2005)
- Macropodus phongnhaensis - (Ngo, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005)
Mitundu imeneyi imakhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana m'zigwa. Mitsinje, mitsinje ikuluikulu yamitsinje yayikulu, minda ya mpunga, ngalande zothirira, madambo, maiwe - amakhala kulikonse, koma ndimakonda madzi othamanga kapena osayenda.
Kufotokozera
Ndi nsomba yowala yowonekera. Thupi labuluu lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira, zipsepsezo ndizofiira.
Macropod ili ndi thupi lolimba, zipsepse zonse ndizoloza. The fin caudal ndi fork ndipo imatha kukhala yayitali, pafupifupi 3-5 cm.
Monga ma labyrinths onse, amatha kupuma mpweya, kuwameza kuchokera pamwamba. Ali ndi chiwalo chomwe chimawathandiza kuyamwa mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndikukhala m'madzi otsika a oxygen.
Labyrinthine yonse, yapanga chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopuma mpweya. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azikhala m'madzi opanda mpweya wabwino, madzi othamangira omwe amakonda.
Komabe, amatha kupuma mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi, komanso mpweya wamlengalenga pokhapokha mpweya wa njala utafa.
Amuna amakula pafupifupi masentimita 10, ndipo mchira wautali wowoneka amawapangitsa kukulira. Akazi ndi ocheperako - pafupifupi masentimita 8. Nthawi yamoyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 6, ndikuwasamalira bwino mpaka 8.
Koma ndi okongola, athupi lamtambo wabuluu, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ndi zipsepse zomwezo. Mwa amuna, zipsepse ndizotalika, ndipo zipsepse za ventral zasanduka ulusi woonda, mawonekedwe a labyrinths.
Palinso mitundu yambiri yamitundu, kuphatikiza maalubino ndi ma macropod akuda. Iliyonse mwa mitundu iyi ndi yokongola m'njira yakeyake, koma zonsezi ndizosiyana ndi zachikale.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Nsomba zopanda ulemu, chisankho chabwino kwa woyambira m'madzi wam'madzi, bola ngati amasungidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu kapena zokha.
Popanda kufuna magawo amadzi ndi kutentha, amatha kukhala m'madzi opanda madzi. Amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Amakhala omasuka ndi oyandikana nawo ofanana kukula, koma kumbukirani kuti amuna azimenyera wina ndi mnzake.
Amuna amasungidwa okha kapena ndi akazi omwe amafunika kuti pogona.
Macropod ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi chilakolako chabwino, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale nsomba yabwino kwa oyamba kumene, koma ndibwino kuti izikhala yokha. Kuphatikiza apo, imalekerera magawo osiyanasiyana amadzi.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'mabayotope osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso ngakhale maenje mpaka kumitsinje yayikulu.
Zotsatira zake, amatha kulekerera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, malo osungira madzi osawotchera, ndipo amakhala m'madziwe nthawi yotentha.
Sankhani nsomba zanu mosamala. Chikhumbo chobala mitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri chimapangitsa kuti nsombayo ikhale yopanda utoto komanso yathanzi.
Nsomba zomwe mumasankha ziyenera kukhala zowala, zogwira ntchito komanso zopanda zolakwika.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, ndi omnivorous, ngakhale amakonda kusankha chakudya chanyama. Amadya mwachangu nsomba ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zam'madzi. Mwa zinthu zosangalatsa - nthawi zina amayesa kudumpha m'madzi poyesa kukoka yemwe angakodwe naye.
Mu aquarium, mutha kudyetsa ma flakes, pellets, zakudya za tambala. Koma ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa momwe mumadyera, osangolekezera pazakudya zokha zokha.
Chakudya chamoyo kapena chachisanu ndichisankho chabwino chodyetsa. Bloodworm, tubifex, cortetra, brine shrimp, adya chilichonse.
Osachedwa kudya, ndibwino kudyetsa kawiri patsiku pang'ono.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Mwamuna wamkulu amatha kusungidwa yekha m'madzi okwanira malita 20, ndipo kwa angapo kapena nsomba zingapo zochokera ku 40, ngakhale amakhala mosavutikira komanso pang'ono, amakhala opanikizana ndipo sangakule mpaka kukula kwathunthu.
Ndi bwino kubzala aquarium mwamphamvu ndi zomera ndikupanga malo osiyanasiyana kuti mkazi azitha kubisala kwa mwamuna. Komanso, aquarium iyenera kuphimbidwa, ma macropod ndi ma jumpers abwino kwambiri.
Amalekerera kutentha kwamadzi (16 mpaka 26 ° C), amatha kukhala m'madzi osawotcha madzi. Acidity ndi kuuma kwa madzi zimatha kusiyanasiyana.
Sakonda mphepo yolimba m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa chake kusefera kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti nsomba zisasokoneze zomwe zikuchitika pano.
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mayiwe ang'onoang'ono, mamitala angapo, pomwe amakhala ndi gawo lawo ndikuziteteza kwa abale.
Ndi bwino kusunga awiri kuti mupewe ndewu pakati pa amuna. Kwa mkazi, muyenera kupanga pogona ndikubzala aquarium ndi zomera, chifukwa chachimuna chimamutsata nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kumbukirani kuti macropod nthawi zambiri imakwera pamwamba kuti ipeze mpweya ndipo imafunikira kufikira kwaulere, kosatsekedwa ndi zomera zoyandama.
Ngakhale
Macropod ndiyodabwitsa kuti ndiwanzeru komanso wokonda kudziwa, imakhala malo osangalatsa okhala mu aquarium, yomwe ndi yosangalatsa kuwonera.
Komabe, iyi ndi imodzi mwamadzi ovuta kwambiri a labyrinth. Achinyamata amakula bwino limodzi, koma atakula, amuna amakhala achiwawa kwambiri ndipo amakonza ndewu ndi amuna anzawo, monga achibale awo - tambala.
Amuna amayenera kusungidwa padera kapena ndi akazi mu aquarium yokhala ndi malo obisalako azimayi.
Amatha kukhala nsomba zabwino kwa oyamba kumene, koma pakampani yoyenera.
Amafanana ndi ma cockerels pamakhalidwe, ndipo ngakhale macropods ndiosavuta kusamalira, mitundu iwiri iyi ya labyrinths ndi yankhondo ndipo ndizovuta kupeza oyandikana nawo oyenera.
Zosungidwa bwino zokha kapena ndi mitundu ikuluikulu, yosachita zankhanza.
Oyandikana nawo kwambiri amakhala mwamtendere ndipo mosiyana ndi nsomba ya macropod. Mwachitsanzo, gourami, zebrafish, barbs, tetras, ancistrus, synodontis, acanthophthalmus.
Pewani nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali. Macropods ndi osaka aluso, ndipo mwachangu mu aquarium nawo samapulumuka.
M'madzi ambiri, nsomba zimayenera kuwongolera chilichonse, ndipo ngati pali mitundu yofanana, ndiye kuti ndewu ndizosapeweka. Koma kwakukulu zimadalira khalidweli, chifukwa ma macropod ambiri amakhala m'malo am'madzi wamba ndipo samasautsa aliyense.
Akazi amatha kumvana popanda mavuto. Amakhalanso oyenera kukhala ndi ma aquariums omwe agawana nawo, bola ngati oyandikana nawo sakhala okakamira komanso akulu mokwanira. Zosungidwa bwino ndi nsomba zomwe ndizokulirapo komanso zosachita nkhanza.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna ndi akulu kuposa achikazi, owala kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi zipsepse zazitali.
Kubereka
Monga ma labyrinth ambiri, nsombazi zimamanga chisa kuchokera kuma thovu ampweya pamwamba pamadzi. Kuswana sikovuta, ngakhale utakumana ndi zochepa ukhoza kutaya mwachangu.
Yaimuna nthawi zambiri imamanga chisa ndi thovu, nthawi zambiri pansi pa tsamba lazomera. Asanabadwe, banjali liyenera kubzalidwa ndikudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamoyo kapena chachisanu kangapo patsiku.
Mzimayi, wokonzeka kubereka, adzazidwa ndi caviar ndipo azungulira m'mimba. Ngati mkaziyo sali wokonzeka, ndibwino kuti musamuike pafupi ndi wamwamuna, chifukwa amuthamangitsa ndipo atha kumupha.
Mubokosi lopangira (80 malita kapena kuposa), madzi ayenera kukhala otsika, pafupifupi 15-20 cm.
Magawo amadzi ndi ofanana ndi aquarium yonse, kutentha kokha kumayenera kukulitsidwa mpaka 26-29 C. Mutha kuyika fyuluta yaying'ono mkati, koma mayendedwe azikhala ochepa.
Zomera ziyenera kuikidwa m'malo oberekera omwe amapanga tinthu tambiri, mwachitsanzo, hornwort, kuti mkazi azibisala.
Pakumanga chisa ndikubala, champhongo chimamuthamangitsa ndikumumenya, zomwe zitha kupha nsomba. Zomera zoyandama monga Riccia zimagwira chisa palimodzi ndipo zimawonjezeredwa.
Mwamuna akamaliza chisa, amamuyendetsa wamkazi. Wamwamuna amakumbatira wamkazi, kumufinya ndikufinya mazira ndi mkaka, pambuyo pake awiriwo amatha, ndipo wamkazi wotopa amamira pansi. Khalidweli limatha kubwerezedwa kangapo mpaka mkazi atayikira mazira onse.
Pobzala, amatha kupeza mazira 500. Mazira a Macropod ndi opepuka kuposa madzi ndipo amayandama chisa okha. Ngati ina yagwa m'chisa, chachimuna chimanyamula ndi kupita nayo.
Amasunga mwanjiru mwansanje mpaka mwangozi. Pakadali pano, yamphongo ndiyokwiyira kwambiri, ndipo chachikazi chiyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi itangobereka, apo ayi ingamuphe.
Nthawi yotuluka mwachangu imadalira kutentha, nthawi zambiri kuyambira maola 30 mpaka 50, koma itha kukhala 48-96. Kuwonongeka kwa chisa kumakhala ngati chisonyezero chakuti mwachangu aswa.
Pambuyo pake, yamphongo iyenera kuchotsedwa, imatha kudya mwachangu.
Mwachangu amadyetsedwa ma ciliates ndi ma microworm mpaka amatha kudya brine shrimp nauplii.
