Chartreuse, kapena mphaka wa Cartesian, ndi mtundu wamfupi wobadwira ku France. Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa nyama zazikuluzikulu ngati izi kudayamba nthawi yamtanda, pomwe mphaka wa Cartesian adabwera kumayiko aku Europe. Mitundu ya amphaka yomwe amakonda kwambiri a Charles de Gaulle lero yatchuka kwambiri ndi akatswiri ojambula komanso andale omwe amalemekeza kwambiri Chartreuse chifukwa chazipangidwe zawo zakunja komanso ulemu wawo.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mitundu ya Chartreuse imawerengedwa kuti ndi "brainchild" yaku France, ndipo mbiri yakale imanena kuti makolo a nyama zotere "zokhala ndi ubweya wabuluu" anali amphaka obweretsedwa kudera la amonke munthawi ya tsarist. Nthawi yomweyo, malongosoledwe omveka bwino amphaka a Chartreuse anali zolemba zina zomwe zidalembedwa zaka za m'ma 1400.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha nthumwi za mtunduwu chomwe chimakhala kunyumba za amonke za Carthusian Order adakhala okondedwa a amonke, omwe amatha kufotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zingapo nthawi imodzi. Amphaka oterewa amasaka makoswe, kuthandiza kuteteza chakudya ndi zolembedwa pamtengo zamtengo wapatali. Kuphatikiza apo, amonke a dongosololi sananene kuti kupha amphaka ndi machimo, motero amagwiritsa ntchito nyama yawo ndi zikopa zotentha.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo yokhudza komwe mtunduwo unachokera. Malingana ndi oyambawo, amphaka a ku Siberia adakhala makolo a mtundu wa Chartreuse, omwe adasamukira ku Turkey, Syria ndi Iran mosavuta kupita kudera la France, limodzi ndi omenyera ufulu wawo pamisonkhano. Chosangalatsa ndichonso ndichakuti makolo a mtundu wa Chartreuse adabweretsedwa ku France pazombo zamalonda zomwe zikuyenda kuchokera ku Syria ndi Africa.
Kutsika kwakukulu kwa nthumwi za mtundu wa Chartreuse zidachitika pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ntchito yoswana panthawiyi idatsika pang'ono, ndipo otsalawo adathamanga. Olima ku France ayesera kupulumutsa mitundu yosazolowereka powoloka Chartreuse ndi amphaka azifupi a Britain ndi Persian. Zotsatira za ntchito yovutayi zinali kutuluka kwa mtundu wakuda waku Europe wabuluu.
Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wobadwira mwachilengedwe umakhala ndi dzina lothandizana nawo komanso losowa chifukwa chofanana ndi "chovala chaubweya" ndi nsalu yofewa kwambiri ya Chartreuse.
Kufotokozera kwa mphaka wa Carthusian
Ngakhale amafanana kunja kwakanthawi kofananira ndi ma Britain ofupika, Achifalansa amaganiza kuti Chartreuse ndi katundu wawo. Poyamba, mtundu wachilendowu udapatsidwa kwa amphaka "Amphaka Am'banja", koma omalizirayo amakhala ndi utoto wambiri. Chisokonezo chokha chomwe chidakhalapo chidapangitsa kuti athe kuzindikira oimira mtunduwo mgulu la "Blue cat".
Bungwe la Britain Cat Organisation (GCCF) silinazindikire mtundu wa Chartreuse pakadali pano, chifukwa mgwirizano wolakwika wa amphaka aku Britain ndi Carthusian omwe adalipo kale anali mokomera aku Britain.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Nyama zamtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi kapangidwe kake "koyambirira", komanso osakhala okhazikika, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso achiaborigine. Ngakhale ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, nthumwi zonse za mtundu wa Chartreuse ndizochenjera, zosinthika, zothamanga komanso zowerengera nyama, ndipo mayendedwe awo ndichinthu pakati pa chisomo ndi chidaliro chachilengedwe.
Amphaka ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa amphaka. Ndi kutalika kwapakati pa nyama yokhwima yachiwerewere ya 28-32 cm, kulemera kwake kocheperako, monga lamulo, kumakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 5.0-5.5 kapena kupitilira apo. Kulemera kwa amuna akulu nthawi zambiri kumafika makilogalamu 8.0-9.0. Mtundu womaliza wamaso, komanso makulidwe okwanira ndi mawonekedwe amkati amphaka mu Cartesian cat, amakula msinkhu.
Miyezo ya ziweto
Mphaka wa Cartesian amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino waku France wa Chartreux ndi mabungwe angapo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza International Cat Federation (FIFe), Cat Fanciers 'Association (CFA), International Cat Association (TICA) ndi American Cat Fanciers Association (ACFA). Masiku ano, miyezo yamtunduwu ikufotokozedwa bwino, kotero Chartreuse weniweni ali ndi:
- wapakati kukula, wokulirapo komanso waminyewa, wokhala ndi fupa lolemera mthupi;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- minofu yotukuka bwino kumbuyo ndi m'chiuno;
- miyendo yochepa, yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu;
- mawondo oyenda;
- Wozungulira kumapeto komanso osati mchira wautali kwambiri, wofanana mokwanira ndi thupi;
- gawo losunthika komanso losunthika;
- mutu waukulu ndi wokulirapo pansi;
- masaya athunthu ndi ozungulira;
- makutu a sing'anga kukula, kukhala wokwera komanso wopendekera pang'ono patsogolo;
- mkulu ndi wofatsa pamphumi;
- wolunjika, wautali m'litali ndi m'lifupi, wopindika pang'ono m'mphuno;
- zazikulu, zozungulira mozungulira, kuyang'ana pafupi.
Mdima wakuda lalanje, wachikaso kapena wamkuwa ndiwambiri mwa nyama zoyera. Chartreuse imadziwika ndi malaya amfupi omwe amawoneka ngati ubweya wa otter. Chovalacho ndi cholimba komanso chofewa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chovala chamkati chachitali, chimakhala cholimba komanso chowoneka bwino. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti utoto wa chartreuse ndi wabuluu mwapadera: kuchokera kowala mpaka mdima wakuda wa utoto uwu, umawala mowala kwambiri pounikira siliva.
Khalidwe la mphaka, machitidwe
Amphaka a Carthusian ali ndi machitidwe komanso mawonekedwe. Chartreuse amakhala odekha komanso osasinthasintha, omwe nthawi zina amafika pongokhala chabe. Ziweto zotere ndi zaulesi kwambiri, zimakonda kugona kumasewera akunja kapena kungopuma, kugona pabedi. Chifukwa chokhala chete, amphaka a Carthusian ndiosankha kwa anthu osakwatira kapena otanganidwa kwambiri, komanso mabanja omwe ali ndi ana.
Oimira mtundu wa Chartreuse amatha kupirira kusungulumwa kwakutali, komanso samawopseza oyandikana nawo mofuula. Kutsika kwa amphaka oterewa kumafanana ndi kunong'ona kopitilira apo ndi apo. Ziweto zoterezi zimalumikizidwa ndi eni ake komanso abale awo onse, komanso zimatha kuwonetsa nsanje, koma sizinyama zokhumudwitsa komanso zokoma mtima.
Amphaka a Cartesian samakonda kukhala mmanja mwa eni ake, komanso salola chikondi chokhumudwitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, samawonetsa zankhanza, ndipo amakhala odekha mtima ngakhale ndizovuta za ana ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, ena, makamaka ziweto zazing'ono ndi mbalame, atha kukhala nyama yosavuta ya mphaka wa Cartesian, womwe umabwera chifukwa cha chibadwa chokula bwino komanso champhamvu chosaka mwachilengedwe.
Utali wamoyo
Pamodzi ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya amwenye, amphaka a Cartesian amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino ndipo amakhala olimba kwazaka zambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo wa oimira mitundu yosowa ya Chartreuse kumatha kukhala zaka khumi ndi zinayi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Kusunga mphaka wa Cartesian
Amphaka achartreuse ndiwodzichepetsa. Kusunga chiweto chotere kumapangitsa kuti muzitsatira malamulo aukhondo komanso kusankha zakudya zabwino kwambiri. Mwazina, ngakhale chitetezo chathunthu chabwinobwino, sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti musanyalanyaze njira zodzitetezera, kuphatikiza mayeso azachipatala nthawi zonse ndi katemera.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Chinyama chimafunikira chidwi nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, ndibwino kupukuta ubweya wa nyama mosamala momwe angathere ndi maburashi apadera kamodzi kapena kawiri pamlungu. Muyeneranso kuganizira zina mwazomwe zimasamba mphaka wa Cartesian, womwe umabwera chifukwa cha ubweya wolimba kwambiri komanso wobweza bwino. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito shampoo yapadera posambitsa chiweto chanu chamiyendo inayi.
Zikhala zothandiza: kusamba bwanji kosha
Mlungu uliwonse m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa maso ndi makutu amphakawo, ndikuchotsa mosamala, ngati kuli kofunikira, zotsekemera zonse zachilengedwe zokhala ndi pedi ya thonje yoviikidwa m'madzi oyera ofunda kapena mafuta aukhondo. Mano a chiweto amatsukidwa ndi chikwangwani pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsukira mano omwe amalepheretsa kupanga tartar ndikupanga zovuta zovuta. Zikhadabo za nyama amazidulira akamakula.
Zakudya, zakudya
Pankhani ya zakudya, nthumwi za mtundu wa Chartreuse sizoweta kwenikweni. Mphaka wa Cartesian amatha kudyetsedwa chakudya chachilengedwe komanso chakudya chopangidwa mosavuta, chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chowuma kapena chonyowa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yachiwiri ndiyovomerezeka komanso yabwino kwambiri malinga ndi mtengo wake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Madokotala azachipatala samalimbikitsa kuti kusakaniza mafakitore opangidwa kale ndi mitundu yachilengedwe yazakudya za omwe akuyimira mtundu wa Chartreuse, zomwe zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zamafuta mthupi la nyama. Mukamadyetsa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, ndibwino kuti muzikonda nyama yowonda kalulu, komanso nkhuku, nkhukundembo kapena ng'ombe yopanda mafuta.
Nyama iliyonse musanapatse nyamayo iyenera kuwiritsa kapena kuundana bwino. Nthawi zina, ziweto zimatha kupatsidwa nsomba yophika bwino (makamaka mitundu yopanda bonasi). Zokongoletserazo zimatha kukhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zukini ndi sikwashi, kolifulawa, ndi dzungu. Komanso, musaiwale za zopangidwa ndi mkaka wofufumitsa wothandiza thupi la mphaka ngati mkaka wowotcha wowotcha, bioyogurt kapena kefir yamafuta ochepa.
Zabwino kwambiri, kuchokera kwa akatswiri owona za ziweto ndi oweta odziwa bwino, zakudya zopangidwa kale zokonzeka kudyetsa mphaka wa Cartesian: Fitmin For Life, Brit Care, Summit, Blitz, Leonardo, Brit Premium, Organix, Probalance, Ontario ndi Science Plan. Acana, Carnilove, Go Natural, Grandorf ndi Farmina N&D zowerengera, zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa eni amtundu wa Chartreuse, nawonso azitsimikizira bwino.
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Kukula modabwitsa kwa mphaka wa Chartreuse kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ena olumikizana. Pakamwa pa mphaka wa Cartesian amathanso kukhala malo ovuta. Mamembala ena amtunduwu nthawi zina amakhala ndi zotsekera pafupi kwambiri, komanso gingivitis. Kupewa kwamphamvu kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amano, ndipo zovuta zovuta kwambiri pakamwa zimafunikira kulowererapo kwa ziweto.
Zolakwika zazikulu ndi zolephera, komanso zizindikilo zofunikira kwambiri za mtundu wa Chartreuse zimaperekedwa:
- kukula kwakukulu;
- mopambanitsa opindika;
- yopapatiza chifuwa;
- mawonekedwe otambalala kwambiri;
- makutu ataliatali;
- maso abuluu kapena obiriwira;
- pinki mphuno ndi ziyangoyango paw;
- mchira wovulala;
- mphuno yokweza;
- yopuma lakuthwa mu mphuno;
- yotakata ndi yolemetsa kuipanikiza;
- maso oyandikana kwambiri;
- ndi mawonekedwe okwiya.
Kuyesedwa kuti muone ngati mukutsata miyezo yokhazikitsidwa yamtunduwu kumakhudza kuyesa kwa malayawo. Kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima mumtundu, komanso malo owala kapena amdima, sikuvomerezeka.
Gulani mphaka wa Chartreuse
Pobisalira amphaka a Chartreuse, amphaka aku Britain "otsika kwambiri" amagulitsidwa, omwe amasiyana mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka mutu ndi thupi. Mwa zina, mitundu imasiyanasiyana mu genotype ndi mawonekedwe. Masiku ano, amphaka obereketsa Chartreuse satumizidwa kunja kwa malire a America ndi France, chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa kwawo ku Russia sikuloledwa kwenikweni. Kuletsedwa kokhwima kumakhudza mayiko omwe malamulo "Oteteza nyama" anyalanyazidwa.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Mu zinyalala, monga lamulo, ana anayi kapena asanu amabadwa. Ana obadwa amakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wabuluu. Ziweto zoweta zoyera zokhala ndi utoto wa malaya zimatha kukhala ndi mikwingwirima yofooka ndi mphete kumchira, zomwe zimayenera kutha pakati pa chiweto pofika zaka ziwiri.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mtundu wa lalanje kapena mkuwa wamaso a mphaka wa Cartesian pamapeto pake umangokhala ndi miyezi itatu yokha. Amphaka amtundu wawo amakhala atakwanitsa zaka zitatu. Mwana wamphaka wogulidwa ayenera kukhala wachangu komanso wosangalala. Makamaka amaperekedwa pakupezeka kwa zolemba zonse zofunika.
Mtengo wa mwana wamphaka wokwanira
Mitundu yachilendo ya Chartreuse pakadali pano imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa, ndipo pali oweta ochepa omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino komanso oweta kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chake mtengo wamphaka wa Chartreuse uli wokwera kwambiri lero. Pakadali pano, mtengo wapakatikati wa mphaka wa Carthusian ndi osachepera 40-45 zikwi makumi khumi za ruble, ndipo ndizosatheka kugula mwana wamphaka wodalirika kuchokera kwa opanga abwino pamtengo wosachepera 100,000 ruble.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitengo imangotengera osati kokha chifukwa cha mtundu wa Chartreuse, komanso ndi zina zingapo, zofunika, kuphatikiza ndalama zonse za obereketsa kapena nazale yopezera ana ena. Choyamba, woweta amawononga nthawi ndi ndalama zochititsa chidwi kuti apeze mnzake woyenera pazinthu zonse, kenako kukwatirana kumakonzedwa. Kulipira kwakukulu kumatanthauzanso chisamaliro choyenera cha mphaka woyembekezera, ntchito zanyama ndi zolemba zonse zofunika.
Ndemanga za eni
Malinga ndi eni ake ambiri a Chartreuse, nthumwi za mtunduwu, zomwe ndizosowa masiku ano mdziko lathu, ndi olemekezeka, osiyana ndi kudziletsa kwawo komanso kukongola kwawo, machitidwe abwino komanso zokometsera zachilengedwe. M'banja, ziweto zoterezi zimakhala mwakachetechete, modekha kwambiri komanso mopanda tanthauzo. Koma nthawi yomweyo amakhalabe osaka nyama osayerekezeka amakoswe osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha amphaka a Cartesian onenepa kwambiri, ziwetozi zimafunikira masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso kuyenda kokwanira. Danga lokhalokha siloyenera kuchita izi, chifukwa chake akatswiri azachipatala amalimbikitsa kuti nthumwi za mtundu wa Chartreuse nthawi zambiri zimayenda panja. Poterepa, mwini wake wa mphaka ayenera kusamalira chithandizo chokhazikika chothandizira chovalacho ndi njira zapadera motsutsana ndi ma ectoparasites.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti azisamalira kupezeka kwa mphaka wa Chartreuse mosamala kwambiri, makamaka mwaukadaulo, chifukwa malinga ndi malamulo aposachedwa amphaka ku France ndi America, kusakanikirana kwamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa, kuphatikizaponso kukwerana. Komabe, oweta osadalirika amanyalanyaza zofunikira izi, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa mphaka wosowa komanso wokongola mtsogolo.
