Crane Woyera (kapena Siberia Crane) - mbalame ya banja la cranes ndi dongosolo la cranes, ndipo pakadali pano amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yazinyama zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala mdera la Russia zokha.
Sangapezeke kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mwina ndichifukwa chake kuyesera kwa akatswiri odziwika bwino aku Russia kuti apulumutse mbalame yocheperako kunatsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin. Ntchitoyi imatchedwa mawu okongola akuti "Flight of Hope". Lero Crane ya Siberia sikuti imangophatikizidwa mu Red Book, komanso imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Siberia Crane - White Crane, yemwe kukula kwake kumafika masentimita 160. Kulemera kwa akulu kumakhala pakati pa kilogalamu zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi theka. Mapiko a mapiko nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa masentimita 220 mpaka 265. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi ndipo amakhala ndi milomo yayitali.
Mtundu wa ma cranes oyera (monga mungaganizire kuchokera pa dzina la mbalameyo) ndi woyera kwambiri, mapikowo amakhala ndi mathero akuda. Miyendo ndi milomo ndi zofiira kwambiri. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, womwe pambuyo pake umawala kwambiri. Diso la mbalameyi nthawi zambiri limakhala lachikasu kapena lofiira.
Mlomo wa Crane wa ku Siberia umadziwika kuti ndiwotalika kwambiri pakati pa oimira ena onse amtundu wa crane, kumapeto kwake kuli zolemba zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi macheka. Mbali yakutsogolo ya mutu wa mbalamezi (mozungulira maso ndi mulomo) mulibe nthenga, ndipo nthawi zambiri khungu m'derali limakhala ndi utoto wofiyira. Pakubadwa, maso a anapiye oyera ndi amtambo, womwe pang'onopang'ono umasanduka wachikaso pakapita nthawi.
Amapezeka cranes zoyera ku Russiaosakumananso kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Amagawidwa makamaka mdera la Komi Republic, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ndi dera la Arkhangelsk, ndikupanga anthu awiri osiyana omwe ali kutali.
Siberia Cranes achoka ku Russia kokha nthawi yachisanu, liti gulu la ma cranes oyera pangani maulendo ataliatali opita ku China, India ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. Oimira anthuwa amakhala makamaka m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi madambo, chifukwa mawoko awo amatha kusunthira panthaka yowoneka bwino.
Nyumba ya kireni woyera Zimakhala zovuta kupeza okha, chifukwa amakonda kukhala pakati pa nyanja ndi madambo, atazunguliridwa ndi khoma la nkhalango zosadutsika.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mwa oimira ena onse am'banja la crane, ndi ma Siberia Cranes omwe amadziwika bwino ndizofunikira zomwe amapatsa malo awo. Mwina ndichifukwa chake pakadali pano atha.
Ngakhale zitha kunenedwa motsimikiza za kireya woyera kuti mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi yamanyazi komanso imapewa kulumikizana kwambiri ndi anthu, nthawi yomweyo imatha kukhala yankhanza kwambiri ngati pangakhale chiwopsezo china kunyumba kwake kapena moyo wake.
Crane yoyera ikuthawa
Crane ya ku Siberia imagwira ntchito pafupifupi tsiku lonse, osagona kwa maola opitilira awiri, pomwe imayimirira ndi mwendo umodzi, ndikubisa inayo nthenga pamimba pake. Mutu wopuma umakhala pansi pa phiko.
Popeza ma Cranes aku Siberia ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amasankha malo ogona pakati pamadzi, kutali ndi zitsamba zamatchire ndi malo ena obisalira omwe nyama zolusa zimatha kubisala.
Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi ndizoyenda kwambiri ndipo zimangogona maola angapo patsiku, komanso kukhala akatswiri ampikisano pakusintha kwakanthawi (kutalika kwaulendo wapaulendo nthawi zambiri kumafika makilomita sikisi sikisi), nthawi yachisanu sikugwira ntchito kwambiri, komanso usiku masiku omwe amakonda kupuma.
Kulira kwa magalasi oyera ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi mamembala ena onse am'banja, ndipo imakokedwa, yayitali komanso yaukhondo.
Mverani kulira kwa njoka yoyera
Chakudya
M'malo okhalamo okhazikika, ma cranes oyera amadyera makamaka zakudya zazomera. Chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda ndi mitundu yonse ya zipatso, mbewu, mbewu, mizu ndi ma rhizomes, ma tubers ndi mbande zazing'ono za udzu wa sedge.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso tizilombo, molluscs, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi nsomba. Nthawi zambiri Cranes aku Siberia amadya achule, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mazira awo. M'nyengo yonse yozizira, ma Cranes aku Siberia amadya zokha "zopangidwa" za mbewu.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mbalame zoyera zoyeraomwe amakhala ndi banja limodzi. Kumapeto kwa masika, amabwerera kumalo awo kuchokera ku nyengo yachisanu, ndipo nthawi imodzimodziyo nyengo yokhwima imayamba. Cranes ziwiri zimadziwonetsa kulumikizana kwawo poyimba duet, kuponyera mitu yawo kumbuyo ndikumveka phokoso laphokoso.
Nthawi yomweyo pakuimba nyimbo zawo za kireni, amuna amatambasula mapiko awo, ndipo akazi amawapinda mwamphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, amasewera magule apadera, omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri: kulumpha, kugwada, kuponyera nthambi zazing'ono ndi ena.
Zisa za Crane zimakonzedwa m'malo owoneka bwino komanso madzi akumwa okwanira. Onse aamuna ndi aamuna amatenga nawo mbali pomanga chisa. Nthawi zambiri, imakhala pamwamba pomwe pamadzi, ikukwera pamwamba pake pamtunda wa masentimita 15 mpaka 20.
Pawola limodzi, wamkazi nthawi zambiri samabweretsa mazira osaposa awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima. Anapiye amabadwa patatha mwezi umodzi atakhazikika, ndipo yamphongo imawateteza ku nyama zolusa zosiyanasiyana komanso adani ena achilengedwe a Siberia Crane.
Pachithunzichi muli mwana wankhuku woyera
Mwa anapiye awiri obadwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'modzi yekha amakhala wamoyo, ndipo pakatha miyezi iwiri ndi theka amayamba kukhala ndi nthenga zake zofiirira, zomwe zimangoyera pofika zaka zitatu. M'chilengedwe, nthawi yayitali yama cranes oyera kuyambira zaka makumi awiri mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri. Zikachitika kuti Siberia Crane amasungidwa kundende, atha kukhala zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu kapena kupitilira apo.
