Tsichlazoma severum (Latin Heros severus) imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi komanso odziwa zambiri. Amakhala ngati achibale awo akutali, discus, popeza nawonso amakhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lotsindika pambuyo pake.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akunja, cichlazoma idatchulidwanso discus yabodza. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikupezeka ponseponse, pakadali pano kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana kwapangidwa, koma kotchuka kwambiri komanso kokongola ndi ngale za red cichlazoma severum ndi emeralds abuluu.
Ngale zofiira zili ndi thupi lachikaso, lokhala ndi madontho ofiira owala angapo. Emerald ya buluu imakhala ndi buluu lakuda ndi emerald sheen ndi mawanga akuda.
Mwambiri, zomwe zili ndi ngale zofiira ndi emeralds abuluu sizosiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa mwachizolowezi, kupatula kuti magawo omwe ali mu aquarium ayenera kukhala okhazikika.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe awo okongola, amakhalanso osangalatsa pamakhalidwe, omwe amakopanso akatswiri am'madzi. Sakhala aukali kwambiri kuposa ma cichlid ambiri ndipo amafuna malo ochepa.
Nthawi yokha yomwe amawonetsa kukwiya ndi nthawi yobereka, ndipo nthawi yonseyo amakhala mwamtendere ndi nsomba zofananira. Zachidziwikire, simuyenera kuwasunga ndi nsomba zazing'ono kapena zamanyazi kwambiri.
Awa ndi nsomba zosavomerezeka posunga, sikuti ndizovuta monga discus yapadera. Ngati aquarist atha kupanga zofunikira kwa iwo ndikusamalira aquarium, ndiye kuti azimusangalatsa kwazaka zambiri.
Amakonda madzi ofewa komanso kuyatsa pang'ono, ndikofunikanso kuphimba aquarium, nsomba imalumpha bwino.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Cichlazoma severum idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1840. Amakhala ku South America, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Orinoco, mitsinje ya Colombia ndi Venezuela, komanso madera akutali a Rio Negro.
Imadyetsa m'chilengedwe tizilombo, mwachangu, algae, zooplankton ndi detritus.
Kufotokozera
M'magulu, ngati discus yeniyeni, thupi limakhala lokwera ndipo kenako limapanikizika, lokhala ndi zipsepse zakuthwa ndi caudal. Uwu ndi kagawo kakang'ono (kokhudzana ndi zipilala zina), kofikira masentimita 20 mwachilengedwe, m'nyanja yamchere pafupifupi 15.
Kutalika kwa moyo kuli pafupifupi zaka 10.
Mtundu wachilengedwe - thupi lobiriwira, wokhala ndi mimba yachikaso yagolide. Achinyamata amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa nondescript; mikwingwirima isanu ndi itatu yakuda imayenderera mthupi lamdima, lomwe limasowa nsomba zikamakhwima.
Monga tanenera, tsopano pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, koma zotchuka kwambiri komanso zokongola ndi ngale zofiira ndi emeralds abuluu.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Imodzi mwa ma cichlids otchuka kwambiri mu aquarium chizolowezi. Ngakhale zili zabwino kwa oyamba kumene komanso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mofananamo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe imakula msanga.
Ngati mum'pangira malo oyenera, ndikukhazikika ndi oyandikana nawo ofanana, ndiye kuti sangadzetse mavuto.
Kudyetsa
Nsomba ndizomwe zimadya ndipo zimadya mitundu yonse yazakudya zam'madzi zam'madzi. Mapiritsi akumira a cichlids akulu (makamaka okhala ndi fiber, monga spirulina) amatha kukhala maziko azakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, perekani chakudya chamoyo kapena chachisanu: zonse zazikulu - nyongolotsi, nkhanu, timadzi ta nsomba, ndi yaying'ono - tubifex, bloodworms, gammarus.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudyetsa ndi zakudya zamasamba, popeza nsomba zachilengedwe zimawononga. Zitha kukhala chakudya chapadera kapena masamba - ndiwo nkhaka, zukini, saladi.
Simufunikanso kudyetsa nthawi zambiri nyama ya mammalian monga mtima wa ng'ombe. Nyama yotereyi imagaya bwino m'mimba mwa nsomba ndipo imayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda.
Ndi bwino kudyetsa cichlaz m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kawiri patsiku, kuyesera kuti isapitirire, popeza nsomba zimakonda kudya.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Severums ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono, komabe amakhala akulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina. Pofuna kukonza, muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium ya malita 200 kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo ikakulirakulira, nsombayo imakhala bata.
Amakonda madzi oyera komanso kuyenda pang'ono, komwe kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sefa yakunja. Onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse mumasintha madzi ndi madzi abwino ndikupopera nthaka kuti muchotse zotsalira za chakudya.
Yesani kuyatsa aquarium pang'ono, mutha kuyika mbewu zoyandama pamadzi. Nsombazo ndi zamanyazi ndipo zimatha kudumpha m'madzi zikachita mantha.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa nyanja yamchere yamchere ya South America biotope. Nthaka yamchenga, miyala yayikulu ndi mitengo yolowerera - iyi ndi malo omwe cichlazoma imamverera bwino. Masamba ogwa pansi, mwachitsanzo, thundu kapena beech, malizitsani kujambula.
Payokha, timazindikira kuti magawo osakhala ochezeka kwambiri ndi zomera, ena amateurs amatha kuwasunga ndi mitundu yolimba, koma makamaka chomeracho sichikhala chosasinthika, chidzawonongedwa.
Ma discus abodza amasinthidwa moyenera ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amadzi mu aquarium, koma oyenera adzakhala: kutentha 24-28C, ph: 6.0-6.5, 4-10 dGH.
Ngakhale
Ziyenera kusungidwa ndi nsomba zamakhalidwe ofanana ndi kukula kwake. Nsomba zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati chakudya. Ngakhale ma cichlids aku America sakhala achiwawa kwambiri kuposa ma cichlids aku Africa, ndikofunikabe kuti aquarium ikhale yayikulu.
Kenako adzakhala ndi gawo lawo, lomwe amateteza. Malo awo ndi oyandikana nawo amachepetsa kwambiri kukwiya kwa cichlids.
Amagwirizana bwino ndi ma cichlids ena apakatikati - amizere yakuda, ofatsa, njuchi. Komanso ndi catfish - chophimbidwa ndi synodontis, plecostomus, sackgill.
Kusiyana kogonana
Kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna ndizovuta kwambiri, ngakhale akatswiri odziwa zamadzi amatha kusokonezeka. Mkazi ali ndi malo akuda kumapeto kwake, ndipo mulibe chidutswa chilichonse pamadontho obalalika (aakazi amakhala ndi utoto wofanana, m'malo mwa madontho).
Mwamuna amakhala ndi zipsepse zakuthwa ndi zakuthambo komanso pamphumi.
Zimakhala zovuta makamaka kudziwa za kugonana kwamitundu yowala, monga ngale zofiira, popeza nthawi zambiri pamakhala mphero.
Kuswana
Monga ma cichlids ambiri, Discus Discus amasamalira ana ndikusamalira mwachangu. Awiri amapangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo popeza nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, amatenga 6-8 mwachangu ndikulera pamodzi, nsomba imadzisankhira.
Severums imatha kubzala m'malo osiyanasiyana amadzi, koma bwino kwambiri m'madzi ofewa, yokhala ndi pH yozungulira 6 ndi kutentha kwa 26-27 ° C. Komanso, chiyambi cha kubereka chimathandizidwa ndikusintha kwamadzi ambiri ndi madzi abwino.
Nthawi zambiri kumabisala m'madzi omwe amakhala, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti munthawi imeneyi kukwiya kwawo kumakulirakulira. Amakonda kuikira mazira pa thanthwe kapena paphiripo. Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 1000
mpaka, wamwamuna amawathira manyowa ndipo makolo onse amasamalira mazira ndi mwachangu.
Akasambira mwachangu, makolo amawasunga, kuwalola kuti mwachangu azidya brine shrimp nauplii, chakudya chamagetsi, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Komanso, mwachangu amatha kuthyola chinsinsi chapadera pakhungu la makolo, lomwe amamasulira makamaka kudyetsa. Makolo amatha kusamalira mwachangu mpaka milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
