Pali banja lalikulu la Lepidoptera gulugufe wam'madzi. Ndizosatheka kuyang'ana chozizwitsa chachilengedwe ichi osasangalala. Anthu ambiri amakonda kukhulupirira kuti zolengedwa zokongola kwambiri mwachilengedwe zimapezeka kumadera otentha.
Koma chinyengo chodziwikirachi chimatsutsidwa ndi zomwe sizingatsutsike kuti dera lathu ladzaza ndi zolengedwa zachilengedwe zokongola komanso zozizwitsa. Mitundu yawo ndi mawonekedwe sasiya kusangalatsa komanso kudabwitsa anthu.
Kuwona agulugufe amodzi kumatha kupeza chisangalalo chosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, nthumwi ya kalasiyi kumeza. M'malo ambiri, kuphatikiza madera athu, mutha kupeza gulugufe wokongola kwambiriyu. Chifukwa cha dera lalikulu m'chilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri yazinthu zazachilengedwe zodabwitsazi ndi mitundu 37.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Chifukwa chiyani gulugufe amatchedwa choncho - lalikulu swallowtail? Chiyambi cha dzina losangalatsali ndi m'dziko lakale la Troy, momwe munkakhala sing'anga wina wotchuka wotchedwa Machaon.
Nthano za iye akuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha asilikali ovulala kwambiri anabwerera kuchokera ku dziko lina chifukwa cha chidziwitso ndi khama la dokotala wozizwitsa. Pomulemekeza, gulugufe wokongola adatchedwa katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Karl Liney.
Kulengedwa kwachilengedwe kokongola kumeneku kumadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso mtundu wokongola modabwitsa. Mapiko a gulugufeyu amafikira pa 65 mpaka 95 mm. Mtundu wa mapikowo umayang'aniridwa ndimayendedwe achikaso ofunda.
Polimbana ndi chikasu ichi, mitundu yakuda imawonekera bwino, yambiri yomwe ili pafupi ndi thupi la swallowtail komanso m'mphepete mwa mapiko. Mitunduyi ndi mikwingwirima ndi mabanga. Mapiko akumbuyo amakongoletsedwa ndi michira, yomwe ili pafupifupi 10 mm kutalika.
Mapiko omwewo akumbuyo amakongoletsedwa ndi buluu komanso malo ozungulira pafupi ndi phiko lamapiko ndi diso lofiira kwambiri mbali yakunja. Chilimwe chakumeza chimadziwika ndi utoto wochepa.
M'masika, imakhala yolemera komanso yowala. Malo okhala agulugufe amakhudzanso mtundu. Omwe amakhala kumwera chakumwera amakhala ndi chikasu chachikuda komanso mafotokozedwe akuda ochepa. Anthu okhala kumadera akumpoto ali ndi utoto wonyezimira pamapiko, koma mawonekedwe akuda amawakopa.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Chiwalo chowoneka bwino mu swallowtail ndi tinyanga tokhala ngati mphalapala, tomwe timapezeka mu agulugufe ambiri. Kuchokera mbali zonse, mtundu uwu ndi wokongola komanso wopambana. Ndizosatheka kuyang'ana popanda chidwi chithunzi cha gulugufe la swallowtail.
Amapereka kukongola kwake kwamatsenga ndi kukongola kwake. Kuyang'ana chilengedwe ichi cha chilengedwe, mumayamba kumvetsetsa momwe dziko lino lilili lokongola. Ena mwa oimirawo amakupangitsani kukhulupirira nthano ndi zozizwitsa. Kungoona tizilombo timeneti kumalimbikitsa.
Gulugufe wam'madzi amakhala M'madera ambiri. Mutha kukumana naye m'maiko onse aku Europe kupatula Ireland. Sangalalani ndi kukongola kosaneneka ku North America, North Africa ndi Asia.
Chimeza chimakhala m'malo akumwera chakumwera kuphatikiza lamba wotentha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezekanso ku Tibet pamalo okwera pafupifupi mamita 4500. Agulugufe amenewa amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'malo otseguka. Amakonda madambo, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, madera, tundra, ndipo nthawi zina zipululu.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Agulugufe agwira ntchito kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka mwezi watha wa chirimwe. Pakadali pano, amadziwika panjira, m'mapaki amzinda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'munda.
Chifukwa cha ntchito zantchito za anthu, chifukwa cha chilengedwe chomwe chaipitsidwa, agulugufe a swallowtail akucheperachepera. Mitundu yambiri yazilombo zokongola modabwitsa izi zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Black kumeza
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakonda kukhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana. Gulugufeyu ndi wolimba kwambiri moti ngakhale atakhala pansi duwa kuti alawe timadzi tokoma, sasiya kugwira ntchito ndi mapiko ake.
Kusunthaku kumathandizira tizilombo kuti tipewe kukumana ndi adani, omwe, mwatsoka, ali ndi chilengedwe chokwanira. Tizilombo tokha titaona kuti pangakhale ngozi pang'ono, timanyamuka nthawi yomweyo.
Mboza wa swallowtail akaopsezedwa, amatulutsa madzi apadera omwe amamuteteza. Kuphatikiza apo, swallowtail ndi tizilombo tomwe timakonda kwambiri osonkhanitsa agulugufe, omwe nawonso amatsogolera kuwonongedwa kwawo.
Agulugufe osalakwa anaphedwa pafupifupi zaka 80 zapitazo. Pazifukwa zina, anthu adaganiza kuti swallowtail ikuwapweteka ndipo adalengeza nkhondo. Munthu atazindikira kuti kulibe vuto lililonse kapena kuwopsa kwa kachilomboka anali atachedwa kale, kuchuluka kwawo kunachepa kwambiri.
Machaon Maaka
Tsopano, akatswiri azinthu zonse zokongola m'chilengedwe angangokhulupirira kuti gulugufe sadzatheratu pankhope ya dziko lapansi, koma, m'malo mwake, azichulukirachulukira.
Zakudya zabwino
Komwe kumakhala tizilomboti, payenera kukhala mbewu za maambulera chifukwa timadzi tawo ndi tomwe timakonda kwambiri agulugufe. Posachedwa, ndizosowa, komabe mutha kuwawona pa kaloti, katsabola, fennel, ng'ombe yopsereza, nthanga za caraway, parsley, angelica ndi mbewu zina.
Mbozi za Swallowtail zimakonda kutulutsa zinthu zothandiza pavuto lowawa, phulusa, ndi alder. Kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthawi zina sikofunikira kaya ndi ambulera kapena ayi, bola ngati pali timadzi tokoma tokwanira, tomwe amatulutsa mothandizidwa ndi proboscis.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mbozi zizikhala zokhuta nthawi zonse, motero njira yake yodyetsera imayamba kuyambira mphindi yoyamba kubadwa. Pakutha kwa mbozi, njala yake imachepa kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Agulugufe amameza kumapeto kwa nyengo. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi miyezi ya Epulo ndi Meyi. Pakadali pano, munthu amatha kuwona kuzungulira kwachangu kwa tizilombo timeneti. Zili ngati gule wamatsenga ena amatsenga. Mpaka pano, mawonekedwe awa ndiwokopa komanso olodzetsa.
Mbozi wa Swallowtail
Anthu ambiri amatonthoza dongosolo lawo lamanjenje poyang'ana nsomba za m'madzi kapena moto. Kuuluka kwa agulugufe, mayendedwe awo ovuta pakuvina, kukupangitsani kuti muiwale chilichonse padziko lapansi. Kutuluka kwawo kuchokera ku maluwa kupita ku maluwa awiriawiri kumakupangitsani kuti muganizire ndi kulota kena kake kokometsa, kopambana.
Nthawi zambiri, magule oterewa amatha ndi ubwamuna wamkazi, womwe ukuyesera kuyikira mazira pazomera. Sikovuta kuti mayi m'modzi ayikire mazira pafupifupi 120 nthawi imodzi. Tizilomboto timakhala ndi moyo waufupi kwambiri, koma munthawi yochepa iyi amakwanitsabe kuikira mazira ambiri.
Kwenikweni patadutsa sabata, kuchokera pamatabwa oterewa, amayamba kuwonekera mbozi zokumeza wokhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi zowonjezera zofiyira ndi zoyera mmenemo. Zamoyo zolusa kwambiri kuposa mbozi zomwe zangobadwa kumene ndizovuta kuzipeza. Amadya ndi chilakolako chachikulu chomera chomwe ali. Ndikukula, mtundu wawo umasintha pang'ono.
Kuzizira kukangoyamba kumene, mbozi imasandulika mapapu a gulugufe. Mu chikhalidwe ichi tizilombo swallowtail amapulumuka kuzizira kozizira, ndipo mchaka chimatisangalatsa ndi kusintha kwake kukhala gulugufe. Kutalika kwakanthawi kotereku, mwatsoka, sikumapangitsa kuti tizilombo timene timakhala ndi chiwindi chachitali. Agulugufe agulugufe amakhala mwachilengedwe kwa masiku osapitirira 20.
